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Biomedical subjects

T Toole

Publications and source records attributed to T Toole.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Gender differences in motor performance of 50- to 79-year-old adults.

This study was conducted to assess gender and age differences among 73 men and women (50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 yr.) on five motor tasks (balance, standing long jump, sit and reach, hand grip, and softball throw). Differences between men and women on the standing long jump, hand grip, and the softball throw favored men. The men had better performance scores than the women on each of these tasks. An interaction of gender by age was noted on the balance task. Women 50-59 yr. old balanced significantly longer than the men of that age group. Age differences were found for the standing long jump, hand grip, and softball throw. The 50-59 age group performed significantly better than the 60-69 and the 70-79 age groups. Performance decreased on each task across age groups. These findings suggest gender differences in motor performance of older adults as has been noted for children.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Age differences in memory for movement.

Two experiments were conducted. The purpose of the first experiment was to determine whether memory deficits for movement occur with age. The 52 subjects for Experiment 1 were placed in four age groups: 18-32; 33-47; 48-62; and 63-77. Tests were administered to determine each subject's ability to encode and recall as many as 12 consecutive linear movement lists. When minimal memory requirements were imposed, there was no significant difference in the ability of the older and younger subjects to immediately recall movements. Older subjects, however, could not recall movements as well as younger subjects when greater memory demands were placed on them. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine why memory impairments occurred in older subjects. Organizational schemes were imposed on the subjects, but age differences were still apparent when greater memory requirements were essential or a larger memory capacity was demanded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Attentional requirements for location and distance of movement: encoding and recognition.

The purpose of this experiment was to study the early processing stages of encoding and recognition of slow movement in a short-term motor-memory paradigm. These stages were examined by determining whether Laabs' (1973) differential decay rates for location of movement and distance of movement could be replicated when the interfering activity was performed during the criterion and replication movements. 20 subjects performed a linear-positioning task in a 2 X 2 X 2 (count X movement type X retention interval) experimental design. 10 subjects in one condition counted backwards by 3s during the criterion and replication movements. There were no detrimental effects for location and distance-cue reproduction when attention was shared with counting backwards. Like Laabs' results, location of movement was maintained over the 15-sec. interval while distance of movement spontaneously changed. These results supported the notion that the early stages of encoding and recognition of cues for movement can occur unaffected by a secondary task.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

Searching short-term memory for linear-positioning movements.

To determine whether memory search for movements was serial or parallel, the search processes involved in a short-term motor-memory paradigm were investigated. A linear-positioning task was used to present a series of 1, 2, or 3 movements in a memory set. Upon completion of a memory set, subjects were presented with a search movement. The search movement was either the same length as one of the memory-set movements ("yes" response) or a different length ("no" response). Four subjects completed three consecutive days of testing. On Day 1 RT and movement length were practiced. On Day 2 the subjects were required to search a memory set of movements and respond in the yes condition by lifting the index finger of the left hand. This movement terminated a RT search clock. The same procedures were followed on Day 3, except that a no response was indicated by lifting the index finger. A 2 X 3 X 3 (response X memory set X RT trials) within-subjects analysis yielded nonsignificant main effects and interactions. The results were discussed in relation to verbal memory.

Humans↗