Cancer statistics, 1996.
The American Cancer Society's Department of Epidemiology and Statistics reports its 30th annual compilation of cancer incidence, survival, and mortality data for the United States and around the world.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Tong
Publications and source records attributed to T Tong.
Cancer statistics for African Americans, 1996.
Although cancer remains a major public health burden for African Americans, progress is being achieved. For both genders, stomach cancer mortality and mortality related to Hodgkin's disease showed large decreases over the past 30 years. Among African-American females, large decreases in cancer mortality occurred for nonmelanoma skin cancers, rectal cancers, and cervical and other uterine cancers. Tobacco use continues to decline among African Americans and, at present, is significantly lower among African-American youths than among their white counterparts. Despite these successes, additional work remains. Increased patient education regarding self-examinations and improved access to cancer screening are necessary to reduce the high percentage of cancers diagnosed at late stages among African Americans. Improved screening ultimately would increase survival and decrease cancer mortality. Some research has suggested that the increased morbidity and mortality in African Americans are related to poverty, lower education, and inadequate access to care as opposed to inherent racial characteristics. A recent study of black-white differences according to stage at diagnosis of breast cancer confirms some of these factors but also suggests that multiple factors may explain these differences, including mammograms, having a breast examination by a physician, and a history of patient delay. Such observations point to the importance of enacting broad social policies and establishing support mechanisms to diminish the impact of cancer in the African-American community.
Adolescent↗
The growth-inhibiting epidermal pentapeptide, pyroGlu-glu-asp-ser-GlyOH, inhibits growth and alters gene expression in non-transformed NC3H10 and transformed TC3H10 fibroblasts.
The biological effects of the growth-inhibiting epidermal pentapeptide, pyroGlu-Glu-Asp-Ser-GlyOH (EPP), were studied at cell and gene level. After treatment with high doses of EPP (1,000 ng/ml 2 nanomol/ml), 3H-TdR incorporation was reduced in both non-transformed (NC3H10) and transformed (TC3H10) cells. These findings were corroborated by flow cytometry DNA distributions that revealed that the fraction of cells with G1 DNA content was increased while the fraction of cells with S phase DNA content was reduced in both cell lines. In addition, a site-selective analogue of cyclic AMP (cAMP), 8-Br-cAMP, was found to inhibit proliferation of the two fibroblast cell lines, but the transformed cells were more sensitive to this agent. When both EPP and 8-Br-cAMP were given together to cultures of NC3H10 or TC3H10 cells the transformed TC3H10 cells were inhibited whilst there was no obvious effect on NC3H10 cell proliferation. The results of Northern blots showed that RNA expression of c-fos, ki-ras, and neu genes in TC3H10 cells decreased following treatment with EPP. The results could indicate that N-substituted growth-inhibiting oligopeptides may have an anti-tumor effect when combined with 8-Br-cAMP.
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
Chemical hazards to agricultural workers.
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Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗