Transformer-type cardiac pacemaker--an induction pacemaker with iron-cored coupling coil.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
T Togawa
Publications and source records attributed to T Togawa.
Observation of blood flow E.M.F. in externally applied strong magnetic field by surface electrodes.
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Animals↗
Purification and cDNA cloning of evolutionally conserved larval cuticle proteins of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
A specific set of structural proteins termed larval cuticle proteins (LCPs) accumulates in integuments during larval development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Two major larval cuticle proteins, LCP17 and LCP22, were purified from the guanidine hydrochloride extract of the larval cuticle, and specific antibodies were raised against these proteins. Immunoblot analysis revealed that both LCPs are actively synthesized during larval intermolt stages, whereas the LCP17 epitope is also slightly but significantly detectable in pupal integuments. cDNA clones for LCPs were isolated by immunoscreening of the cDNA expression library constructed from larval epidermal mRNA. Predicted amino acid sequences of LCP17 and LCP22 are homologous to cuticle proteins from other insect species, including Manduca sexta, Drosophila melanogaster and Locusta migratoria. This fact suggests that these cuticle protein genes originated from a common ancestral gene and have been conserved during evolution. Northern blot hybridization demonstrated that the expression of LCP17 as well as LCP22 mRNA is controlled in a stage-specific manner in the epidermis of the final instar larvae, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism for transcription of these two intermolt genes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Multichannel bed temperature recorder as a monitor of pressure sores.
The objective of this study was the measurement of skin temperature of patients with decubitus ulcers during long-term illness. IC temperature sensors, arranged on the bed sheet, were used to monitor body movement without attaching sensors directly to the skin; the spatial distribution of temperature was measured. The results of these studies showed that decubitus ulcers were caused by reduced body movement; higher temperature distribution was observed in the area of decubitus ulcers than in normal areas. The difference in skin temperature between the decubitus ulcer areas and normal areas varied from 1.6 degrees C to 3.1 degrees C. The temperature in the decubitus ulcer area was found to be higher than the temperature of areas in which decubitus ulcers were either developing or healing.
Aged↗
Effect of vasodilating agents on cochlear blood flow under loud sound exposure.
Loud sound has been proved by means of laser Doppler flowmetry to decline cochlear blood flow. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a vasodilating agent on cochlear blood flow under loud sound exposure, i.e. whether the drug can impede blood flow decrease or not. As a vasodilating agent, dilazep dihydrochloride in a dose of 5 mg/kg was used. This drug caused a stable and significant increase of cochlear blood flow when intravenously injected into guinea pigs. When guinea pigs were exposed to loud sound (120 dB SPL at 10 kHz) for 10 min, cochlear blood flow promptly declined at the onset of sound stimulation and promptly recovered at its cessation. Then, dilazep dihydrochloride 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously into the same animal and loud sound (120 dB SPL at 10 kHz) was exposed for 10 min. Dilazep did not fully block a prompt decline of cochlear blood flow. However, the blood flow level was kept much higher than at pre-injection level. This study shows that a vasodilating agent which normally enhances blood flow probably does not completely block the sound-induced drop response in cochlear blood flow.
Animals↗
A solid-state ambulatory physical activity monitor and its application to measuring daily activity of the elderly.
An ambulatory acceleration monitor was developed and used to evaluate physical activity in the elderly. The ECG and accelerations at the wrist, waist, and ankle were recorded, and the heart rate and frequency and amplitude of accelerations per unit time were evaluated in both working and retired elderly women performing normal daily activities. The heart rate closely paralleled wrist acceleration. The behaviour patterns of the subjects could be differentiated by time interval signals and histogram distributions. This system appears to be an effective method of understanding and describing the characteristic activities of the elderly in a quantitative and objective fashion.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Endoscopic incision and balloon dilatation for cicatricial anastomotic strictures.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic incision or balloon dilatation is common therapy for cicatricial anastomotic strictures after gastrointestinal surgery. These therapies are not always effective. METHODOLOGY: There were 6 patients who failed either endoscopic incision or balloon dilatation alone and who underwent a combination of the two therapies. Two or three small radial incisions were made in the scar of the stricture with the endoscopic electrocautery under direct vision with fiberscopy. Then, the incisions were split bluntly and the stenosis was dilated over 15-20 minutes with balloon-dilator. This procedure was performed once or twice at a 2-week interval. RESULTS: In 5 of the 6 patients, the stenosis was improved in subjective criteria and objective symptoms. In the last patient, only objective improvement was noted. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic incision plus balloon dilatation is an effective and safe treatment for cicatricial anastomotic strictures which have failed either therapy alone.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Extensive gastrectomy and carbon-adsorbed mitomycin C for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases. Case reports of survivors and their implications.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Extensive gastrectomy, defined as gastrectomy with complete omentectomy and extended lymphadenectomy, improves the survival of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases, even though peritoneal metastasis is considered the end-stage of cancer. MMC-CH, a new dosage formulation of mitomycin C, extended the survival of rabbits with peritoneal carcinomatosis as compared to aqueous mitomycin C. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively reviewed 114 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases. RESULTS: Six patients survived for more than 5 years after the therapy out of 63 patients treated with MMC-CH therapy and extensive gastrectomy for gastric cancer with P1, i.e., metastases to the adjacent peritoneum but no metastasis to the distant peritoneum, or P2, i.e., a few metastases to the distant peritoneum. However, there were no 5-year survivors in patients with P3, i.e., numerous metastases to the distant peritoneum, or in patients treated with incomplete omentectomy, limited lymphadenectomy and no MMC-CH therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results imply that gastric cancer patients with P1 or P2 have a possible chance to survive more than 5 years when treated with MMC-CH therapy and extensive gastrectomy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of extensive lymph node dissection on the survival of early gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: A retrospective analysis of 628 cases of early gastric cancer was performed to evaluate prognostic significance of extensive lymph node dissection. METHODOLOGY: The patients were assigned to either D0/D1 (n=177) group or D2/D3 group (n=451) according to the extent of lymph node dissection and the survival of the two groups was compared. RESULTS: The survival rate of D2/D3 group was significantly higher than D0/D1 group in the case of both including and excluding unrelated cause of death (p<0.0001 and p<0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Though early gastric cancer is excellent prognostic disease, very few numbers of patients with recurrence really remain. Our data show extensive lymph node dissection was effective to prolong the survival of patients with early gastric cancer.
Adult↗
Bowel perforation during chemotherapy for non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
Bowel perforation in patients with primary malignant lymphoma usually occurs at the site of tumor. A 78 year-old man underwent chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. He presented with abdominal pain. An emergency operation was performed under a diagnosis of panperitonitis. At laparotomy, an anal-side perforation approximately 20 cm from the Treiz ligament was observed. Drainage and partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Histopathologic examination demonstrated that there was no characteristic finding of malignant lymphoma around the perforation site in the case. Perforation of the small intestine is one of the most critical complications during the chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. In cases of chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma, especially systemic administration, we should keep in mind the possibility of perforation of the small intestine. Fortunately, emergency surgery saved the patient presented in this report. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to improve prognosis of bowel perforation in patients with primary malignant lymphoma.
Aged↗
A servomatic pneumatic driver system for left ventricular assist devices.
A new ventricular assist device (VAD) pneumatic driver with a servomatic left atrial pressure (LAP) control mechanism was developed for easy and safe control of left ventricular assist devices. The negative driving pressure (NP) can be automatically varied to control the assisted circulatory flow (AF), comparing the patient's LAP with prescheduled LAP (s-LAP). Animal experiments revealed this servomatic control system to be useful.
Animals↗
Proceedings: 201. An approximate computation method of extracellular potential of a single cardiac fiber and its error estimation.
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Extracellular Space↗
Noncontact transducer for monitoring blood temperature during extracorporeal circulation.
A zero-heat-flow transducer was designed to monitor blood temperature during extracorporeal circulation. The probe was covered with a thick metal shell that was heated or cooled to match the surface temperature of the circulation tube, causing the net heat flow across theprobe to be reduced to zero. Experiments showed that fluid temperatures between 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C measured from the surface of a Tygon tube would be accurate within +/- 0.2 degrees C. Response time of ramp-like change in the fluid temperature from 20 degrees C to 30 degrees C was about 3 min. Animal and clinical tests showed this device to be highly accurate.
Adult↗
Unconstrained heart-rate monitoring during bathing.
An unconstrained electrocardiograph (ECG) and heart-rate monitor was designed to record ECG measurements in the bathtub. The apparatus consists of analog and digital parts. In the analog part, electrocardiographic signals obtained from electrodes placed inside the bathtub were amplified approximately 4,000 times. The electrodes were made of stainless steel and were 104 x 74 x 0.5 mm in size, including the absorbent sponge covers. Each electrode fitted into a plastic case 110 x 79 x 23 mm in size. Working electrodes were placed 20 cm from the bottom of the long bathtub wall, close to the position of the immersed trunk, and a reference electrode was placed 5 cm from the bottom of the side wall close to the toe position. In the digital part of the system the heart rate was calculated from the R-R interval of each ECG pulse and the calculated data were stored in a random-access memory. These stored data were transferred to a personal computer through an RS 232C interface and analyzed. The heart rates obtained from the bathtub ECG agreed with those obtained from a body-surface ECG. During measurements in bathwater with various concentrations of sodium chloride, the amplitude of the electrocardiographic waveform decreased as the electrical conductivity increased. The frequency characteristics of the bathtub ECG varied with the bathtub dimensions and the electrical conductivity of the water. Using this apparatus, heart-rate measurements can be obtained easily and noninvasively, but interpretation of the ECG signal requires great care. This monitor could be used as a home health heart-rate monitor.
Adult↗
Complete omentectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy with gastrectomy improves the survival of gastric cancer patients with metastases in the adjacent peritoneum.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The omentum is the site where peritoneal metastases occur most frequently. It has not been shown whether complete resection of the omenta during gastrectomy improves the survival of gastric cancer patients with macroscopic peritoneal metastases. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively analyzed 126 patients who underwent gastrectomies for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases but without hematogenous metastases. The 126 patients were stratified according to their grade of peritoneal metastases into three groups: the P1 patients (patients with peritoneal metastases in the adjacent peritoneum but not in the distant peritoneum); the P2 patients (patients with a few peritoneal metastases in the distant peritoneum); and the P3 patients (patients with many metastases in the distant peritoneum). In each group, the survival and clinicopathological characteristics were compared between patients treated by complete resection of the greater omentum and the lesser omentum plus extensive lymphadenectomy during gastrectomy, versus patients treated by incomplete resection of the omenta and non-extensive lymphadenectomy during gastrectomy. RESULTS: Complete omentectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy during gastrectomy improved survival significantly only in the P1 patients. Other clinicopathological characteristics did not differ between them. CONCLUSION: Complete omentectomy and extensive lymphadenectomy is recommended in patients with peritoneal metastases in the adjacent peritoneum but not in the distant peritoneum.
Adenocarcinoma↗