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Biomedical subjects

T Todros

Publications and source records attributed to T Todros.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Acute renal failure in preeclampsia-eclampsia.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is regarded as relatively uncommon in preeclampsia-eclampsia (PE-E) and, in any event, of moderate degree or reversible. Cortical necrosis is reported as rare, even in fatal cases. Little light has as yet been shed on the mechanisms responsible for ARF in PE-E. This paper describes 17 cases observed over the last 15 years, in which cortical necrosis (3 histological and 2 clinical diagnoses) was relatively frequent (29.4%). The severity of renal impairment did not appear to be related to chronological age, parity, period of pregnancy in which PE-E commenced and its duration prior to delivery, presence of frank eclamptic crises or the concomitance of earlier vascular or renal disease (p greater than 0.05). The superimposition of abruptio placentae (AP) was the only clinical factor significantly correlated with cortical necrosis (p greater than 0.05). The association PE-E + AP seems to be a particularly unfavorable prognostic sign for the kidney owing to the contribution of additional damage mechanisms (vasospasm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhagic shock) furnished by AP, while PE-E itself prepares the ground for AP. The fact that PE-E is difficult to diagnose when AP is the onset symptom may be responsible for the underestimation of its contribution towards the induction of severe renal damage.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1986

Biometric diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation.

The history of the use of ultrasound for the detection of abnormal fetal growth is briefly reviewed. The problems associated with the two most commonly used parameters (biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference) are briefly reviewed. These problems are often compounded by uncertainty surrounding the gestational age. The many other parameters that have been used to assess fetal growth are briefly reviewed. A prospective study utilized two ultrasound examinations: the first at 16-20 weeks predicted the correct estimated date of confinement and the second at 32-34 weeks reliably demonstrated intrauterine growth retardation. The need for further clinical trials is stressed.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Acute renal failure in obstetric complications.

Early postpartum disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was demonstrated by serial coagulation studies in 10 cases of acute renal failure (ARF) following obstetric complications (6 abruptio placentae, 3 retained placental fragments, 1 prolonged intrauterine fetal death). DIC abated within 48 hours irrespective of the therapeutic schedules employed. Renal damage was evidenced by a varying number of days of oligoanuric (6 cases) or polyuric (4 cases) ARF which always required dialytic treatment. Full renal recovery occurred in 9 cases. One patient died and no histological studies were performed. Renal damage seemed to correlate less with DIC than with the degree of anemia and shock.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1985

Head shape and size and body weight in the newborn infant.

Biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, cephalic index and occipitofrontal circumference were measured in 108 newborns delivered at term by cesarean section. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the relationship between each of the parameters and birth weight. Particular attention was paid to the cephalix index/birth weight, the former being assumed as an expression of head shape. No correlation between birth weight and cephalic index was observed. Birth weight best correlates with occipitofrontal circumference.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

[Fetal echocardiography: diagnosis of congenital cardiomyopathies in a population at risk].

2-Dimensional and M-mode Echocardiography were performed in 142 fetuses at specific risk for congenital heart disease between 16 and 40 weeks of gestational age. In 105 cases the diagnosis was checked at delivery; prevalence of cardiac malformations was 5.7%. In 5 cases out of 7 the malformation was correctly diagnosed at Echocardiographic examination: ectopia cordis of thoracic type with tetralogy of Fallot, ectopia cordis of abdominal type with normal intracardiac anatomy, atrio-ventricular canal, left atrial membrane, single heart in jointed twins. There were 3 diagnostic errors: two false negative (a case of pulmonary atresia and a case of univentricular heart) and one false positive (a case of suspected transposition of the great vessels in a normal heart). The sensitivity of the test was 71.4%, the specificity was 98.9%, the predictive value of the positive test was 83.3%. M-mode Echo was particularly useful in cases of arrhythmias. 3 cases of benign rhythm disorders were identified: 2 cases of conducted and blocked atrial ectopic beats and one case of transient 2:1 A-V block. In 5 cases there was a wide variability of the sinus rhythm. 2-D Echocardiogram seems a reliable method for the diagnosis of fetal heart diseases in a population at risk. Its clinical usefulness to guide therapeutic decisions in our population was limited by the coexistence of multiple malformations.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1977

Prediction of birth weight by ultrasound measurements of the fetus.

Fetal biparietal diameter, transverse thoracic diameter abdominal circumference and area were measured by ultrasound in 50 pregnant women at term not more than 48 hours before delivery. Multiple regressions correlating birth weight with all these parameters were obtained and estimated birth weight (calculated from the regressions) was compared with the actual birth weight. The error in prediction was under 200 g in 56%, under 300 g in 66% and under 400 g in 84% of patients when all fetal measurements were used. It was under 200 g in 48%, under 300 g in 66% and under 400 g in 74% when only the abdominal area was used; and it was under 200 g in 46%, under 300 g in 56% and under 400 g in 82% when the abdominal circumference alone was used. Biparietal diameter and transverse thoracic diameter alone were not useful in predicting birth weight.

Abdomen↗