Sister-chromatid separation and protein dephosphorylation in mitosis.
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Chromatids↗
Biomedical subjects
T Toda
Publications and source records attributed to T Toda.
A Japanese family with two types of muscular dystrophy: DNA analysis and the dystrophin test.
A unique Japanese family with both Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is described. Four boys, all from the sixth generation of the same family, were afflicted with severe neuromuscular diseases beginning in early life, three of them presenting the typical phenotype of FCMD and one, that of DMD. Although DNA analysis by Southern blotting with complementary DNAs representing the whole of the dystrophin coding sequence detected neither gross deletions nor duplications, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of the biopsied skeletal muscle with an antidystrophin monoclonal antibody (dystrophin test) showed that the approximately 400-kd dystrophin was expressed normally at the sarcoplasmic membrane of the FCMD phenotype patient but was completely absent in the DMD phenotype patient. From these results, it was presumed that two different childhood muscular dystrophies, FCMD and DMD, coexisted in this family. This unique case illustrates the efficacy of the dystrophin test in the differential diagnosis of the two diseases even when conventional means of diagnosis do not give definite answers and DNA analysis of the dystrophin gene is not informative.
Blotting, Southern↗
Protein structure and cDNA nucleotide sequence of the Japanese quail alpha A globin.
The primary structure of the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha A) of the major component (QII) of Japanese quail hemoglobin was determined by protein and cDNA sequence analysis. The amino-acid sequences of all the soluble tryptic peptides were determined by the conventional protein sequencing technology. The sequence of the remaining portion, which contained an insoluble "core region", was determined through determination of the cDNA nucleotide sequence. The cDNA clones coding for the alpha A globin were isolated from the quail reticulocyte cDNA library, mapped by restriction enzyme digestion, and the nucleotide sequence was determined completely. The primary structure of quail alpha A globin shows a close similarity to that of chicken alpha A globin.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The effect of kallikrein on human sperm membrane function.
To illustrate the influence of kallikrein on the hypoosmotic swelling test, 84 human semen samples were classified into 4 groups: normospermia (n = 34, group A), oligospermia (n = 18, group B), asthenospermia (n = 8, group C), and oligoasthenospermia (n = 24, group D). Two aliquots of 0.45 ml were prepared from each specimen in all the groups: one was incubated for 3 hr in a glass tube containing kallikrein and the other was incubated without kallikrein (control). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of sperm motility and the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) were subsequently performed in each pair of samples. Percentage of motile spermatozoa, speed of forward progression of motile spermatozoa and the percentage of swollen sperm were significantly lower in the control samples than in samples treated with kallikrein in all the groups. Kallikrein was also proved effective in increasing the outcome of the HOST, the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the speed of forward progression of washed spermatozoa received from normospermic men (n = 15). It seems that kallikrein has a direct effect on sperm membrane and improves its properties and functions.
Cell Membrane↗
Improvements in qualitative characteristics of cryopreserved human spermatozoa following recovery via the SpermPrep II filtration method.
Motile, morphologically normal human spermatozoa can be separated from semen via a disposable SpermPrep filtration method. This method was employed with great success using frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The present study examined the qualitative characteristics of filtered spermatozoa via a new SpermPrep II filtration method in conjunction with the short-term freeze preservation of these spermatozoa. The isolation procedure yielded populations of spermatozoa with very high percentage motility and progressive motility grade (0-4) and which were free of seminal debris. For 20 semen samples the prefreeze values of percentage of motility and grade for the fresh and post-filtered were 58.6% and 3.1 vs 84.1% and 3.6, respectively. The sperm freeze preservation procedure involved dilution of the spermatozoa in Test-Yolk buffer (TYB) with 7% glycerol (v/v) and freezing and thawing in a conventional manner. Post-thaw percent motility, and survival % were substantially higher (p less than 0.05) for the filtered fraction than for the parent semen. The filtered fractions yielded post-thaw mean values of motility percent and grade of 68.9 and 3.4 vs 47.6 and 3.0 for the parent semen, respectively. Survival following incubation at 37 degrees C for 3 hours yielded respective values of 75.9% and 53.2% (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that the major factor in improving post-thaw quality recovery overall was the filtration via the SpermPrep II as applied in this study. This technique could have significant clinical applications in the use of frozen-thawed specimens for non-coital reproduction purposes.
Cryopreservation↗
[Effects of single ethanol administration on liver regeneration in rats].
The effects of a single ethanol administration on liver weight gain, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and polyamine metabolism as parameters of liver regeneration in rat liver after partial hepatectomy were studied. Ethanol, given 1 hr before partial hepatectomy at the dose of 3 g/kg, inhibited RNA synthesis 4 hr after partial hepatectomy and DNA synthesis 24 hr after partial hepatectomy in the liver, but did not affect liver weight gain. Further, we studied the effects of a single ethanol administration on polyamine metabolism in order to elucidate the mechanism of the inhibition of liver regeneration by ethanol. Ethanol inhibited the increase in the putrescine level in the liver 4 and 8 hr after surgery, which was a metabolic product of ornithine decarboxylase. But spermidine and spermidine levels in the liver were not affected by ethanol administration. Hepatic spermidine N1-acetyl transferase activity increased by ethanol administration 6 hr after partial hepatectomy in compensation for the suppression of putrescine. Judging from these results, a single dose of ethanol inhibited liver regeneration polyamine metabolism after partial hepatectomy in rats.
Acetyltransferases↗
[A case of anomalous origin of circumflex artery from right sinus of valsalva recognized by transesophageal echocardiography].
A 56-year-old man visited our hospital for further examination of resting electrocardiographic abnormality. Positive exercise stress resulted in mild chest discomfort and 1.5 mm ST depression in II.III.aVF leads. Myocardial imaging perfusion with thallium-201 was normal and an anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right aortic sinus was observed by coronary angiography. MRI showed that the vessel running behind the aorta was connected to the right Valsalva's sinus. Furthermore, transesophageal echocardiography revealed that the vessel connected to the lateral wall of the left ventricle was running from the right Valsalva's sinus between the aorta and left atrium. The above results indicated that this vessel was the left circumflex artery. Although myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with coronary anomaly has been discussed, the mechanism is still unknown. The present case is a rare one in which the anatomical relation between the anomalous coronary and the great vessels was directly detectable by transesophageal echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography is useful for the assessment of this type of coronary anomaly.
Cardiac Catheterization↗
Pure red cell aplasia associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hemolytic anemia.
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) rarely occurs in non-thymic lymphoproliferative disorders. The present article describes a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (follicular, mixed type), who concurrently developed PRCA and warm type autoimmune hemolytic anemia during the clinical course. The PRCA and hemolytic anemia were successfully treated with prednisolone (60 mg/day). The patient died two years later, however, from advanced lymphoma without any recurrence of the PRCA or hemolytic anemia. To our knowledge, only 20 cases of PRCA associated with malignant lymphoma have been reported. The pathogeneses of the PRCA and hemolytic anemia in our patient are discussed.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
[Clinical study of patients with hepatic disease at a city hospital in Japan--consideration on indications for liver transplantation].
One-hundred and ninety-one patients with liver diseases who were admitted to National Fukuoka Central hospital during a 3 years period between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1986 were studied to assess the indications for liver transplantation with the use of a criteria by Dr. Van Thiel et al. The patients were divided into 2 groups; I--indication and II--no indication. Then group I was divided into 3 groups; A--no contraindication, B--relative-contraindication and C--contraindication. Of the 131 patients, group A and B which had the indication of liver transplantation without contraindication were 17%. Deaths by April 30, 1990 were as follows; I 62% (A 36%, B 86%, C 100%) and II 12%. Ten out of 13 deaths in Group I were all due to hepatic failure, while only 3 out of 8 deaths in Group II were due to hepatic failure. Of the other 60 patients with malignancy, 57 were hepatocellular carcinomas, and the other 3 were 2 metastatic hepatic cancers and cholangioma. Among the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 24 out of 46 died of cancer, while the other 19 patients died of hepatic failure. The criteria of the indication of liver transplantation seems acceptable for the evaluation of Japanese patients with non-malignant hepatic diseases. As to patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, a new and separate criteria is in need to evaluate them for liver transplantation.
Female↗
[A case of multiple myeloma with heart failure improved remarkably by chemotherapy alone].
A rare case is reported, in which heart failure in a patient with multiple myeloma without amyloidosis was improved following chemotherapy for the myeloma. The patient, a 50 year-old man, came to our hospital for examination because of anemia and hematuria. He was diagnosed as having an IgG kappa type of myeloma with the relatively rare complication of renal cancer. A chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. An echocardiogram revealed an enlarged left ventricle with decreased wall motion. No cardiac amyloid deposits were detected upon endomyocardial biopsy. Chemotherapy for the myeloma which was carried out before the operation for renal cancer was not only effective for control of the myeloma, but also decreased the pulmonary congestion and improved the heart function. It is suggested that the lowering of heart function in this patient was not due to amyloid infiltration as is relatively frequent in heart failure but was due to increased blood viscosity due to the multiple myeloma.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Three dimensional brain surface MR imaging of the central nervous system anomalies in Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy].
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Adult↗
Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings in a case of mixed hamartoma of the liver.
A case of mixed hamartoma of the liver in a 36 day old female infant is reported herein. The resected tumor was well demarcated, measured 7.5 X 7.0 cm and weighed 179 gm. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of loose fibrous stroma intermingled with spindle and polygonal cells and ductular structures. The spindle and polygonal tumor cells displayed the distinct cytoplasmic staining for alpha-1-antitrypsin. Most of the tumor cells showed the characteristic ultrastructural features of immature hepatocytes, having numerous cytoplasmic microvillous structures, abundant rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These findings suggest that embryonic liver cells, which are capable of transforming into biliary structures and hepatocytes, serve as essential elements of mixed hamartoma of the liver.
Adult↗
Ruptured amebic liver abscess.
We treated two patients with a ruptured amebic liver abscess. The diagnosis was made at a relatively early stage and treatment was successful for one patient, but an accurate diagnosis of liver abscess was not made and invasive extraintestinal amebiasis led to multiple organ failure and to death for the other. Neither patient had been outside of Japan, and both were heterosexual. The origins of Entamoeba histolytica infection could not be determined. Though the mortality rate is high in cases of ruptured amebic liver abscess, appropriate management can lead to a good prognosis.
Adult↗
Altered hepatic metabolism of free fatty acid in rats fed a threonine-imbalanced diet.
The effects of a threonine-imbalanced diet (8% casein supplemented with 0.3% methionine, TI) on the ketone body production and the secretion rate of lipids were examined in the isolated perfused rat liver. Feeding a TI diet compared to an 8% casein (C) diet resulted in an enlargement of liver, presumably due to 2-4-fold accumulation of triglyceride. Serum triglyceride likewise increased significantly in rats fed a TI diet. No significant difference was found in the other lipid components both in serum and liver. When the livers from rats fed C or TI diets were isolated and perfused in the presence of an exogenous oleate substrate, the TI diet decreased the ketone body production and conversely increased the secretion rate of triglyceride, suggesting an inverse relationship between rates of ketogenesis and triglyceride secretion. The proportion of oleate in the perfusate triglyceride obtained at the end of perfusion was comparable between the C and TI groups, whereas in the post-perfused liver it was higher in the former than in the latter, suggesting a stimulatory effect of the TI diet on the secretion of the oleate in the form of triglyceride. These results indicate that altered hepatic metabolism of long-chain free fatty acids between the pathways of oxidation and esterification is one of the causative factors for triglyceride accumulation in the liver produced by threonine imbalance.
Animals↗
[Ultrasonographical study on luteinized unruptured follicle].
The clinical features and the intrafollicular environment of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) were investigated in 60 infertile women by means of ultrasonography. LUF was diagnosed in daily ultrasound scans in 52 (13.5%) of 384 apparently ovulatory cycles. High incidences of LUF cycle were observed in the patients with polycystic ovary (37.5%), endometriosis (24.7%) and a history of pelvic surgery (26.2%), whereas LUF cycles were rare in the patients who conceived (2.7%). Mean follicular diameter measured by transvaginal ultrasonography showed no difference between LUF and ovulatory cycles during the follicular phase, whereas during the luteal phase, a continual growth pattern without follicular collapse was observed in LUF cycles. The ultrasonic aspiration of the follicle was carried out in 21 LUF cycles on the luteal phase. In 19 cases, hormonal profiles for the aspirated follicular fluid coincided with the preoperative diagnosis, and in 6 of 19 cases (31.6%), the presence of entrapped oocytes, direct evidence of LUF, was demonstrated. The morphological observation revealed that the oocytes recovered from the LUF follicle were in the stage of postmaturity, and the fertilization test in which they were used resulted in abnormal fertilization. These results indicate that LUF is an important cause of infertility and that periovarian abnormality might contribute to the failure of follicular rupture and postmaturity.
Anovulation↗
[A case of local recurrent breast cancer with complete response to combination of systemic chemotherapy and topical use of adriamycin ointment].
A Case of local recurrent breast cancer in a 45-year-old female with complete response to Combination of chemotherapy and topical administration of Adriamycin is reported. The patient had left mastectomy for breast cancer in 1978, and then right mastectomy for breast cancer in 1987. Two years later, she was readmitted to our hospital with right neck lymph node metastasis and local recurrence at right chest wall. Neck lymph node metastasis was treated with irradiation with good response. On the other hand, Adriamycin ointment was applied to recurrent cancer on the right chest. The cancer was gradually diminished in size. Seventy-eight days after treatment, the local chest wall with cancer was resected. Histologically, the entire resected tissue showed no viable cancer cells and Adriamycin concentration in the tissue was extraordinary high (ten to forty fold over on systemic chemotherapy). Adriamycin ointment may be an alternative treatment of choice for local recurrent breast cancer.
Administration, Topical↗
Recurrence in early gastric cancer.
In a retrospective study of 503 cases of early gastric cancer, 17 of the patients had died of a recurrence of the gastric cancer and 72 had died of unrelated causes. The cumulative recurrence mortality rates were 2.2% at 9 years for mucosal cancer and 8.4% at 8 years for submucosal cancer. The recurrence patterns of early gastric cancer were hematogenic metastasis to the liver, lung, or bone (nine cases), recurrence from lymph nodes (three cases), and recurrence in the residual stomach (five cases). Submucosal cancers with a macroscopically elevated appearance, lymph node metastasis, and evidence of vessel invasion were the high-risk cancers for hematogenic recurrence, and adjuvant chemotherapy should be prescribed. Two cases of lymph node recurrence were attributed to inadequacy of lymph node dissection. Because metastasis to the group 2 lymph nodes was noted in 1.5% of cases of early gastric cancer and a macroscopic diagnosis of nodal status was inaccurate, complete dissection should be performed regardless of identification of metastasis. Five cases of recurrence in the residual stomach were attributed to overlooked lesions of multiple carcinoma and were detected at an advanced stage. Careful and regular postoperative follow-up is required to detect these recurrences at an early stage.
Blood Vessels↗
Jejunal leiomyosarcoma showing a barium-filled cavity.
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Barium Sulfate↗