Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Tobe

Publications and source records attributed to T Tobe.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Changes in hepatic energy charge, blood ketone body ratio, and indocyanine green clearance in relation to DNA synthesis after hepatectomy.

The changes in the energy charge (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP) levels of the remnant liver were studied in relation to changes in the incorporation rate of methyl-3H-thymidine into DNA, the blood ratio of acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance in 70% hepatectomized rabbits. The energy charge levels of the remnant liver decreased rapidly to 0.767 from 0.856 of normal, despite a marked enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity, concomitant with the fall in blood ketone body ratio, before a maximal increase of DNA synthesis after hepatectomy. Blood ketone body ratio was correlated with hepatic energy charge (r = 0.696, p less than 0.01). After a maximal increase of DNA synthesis, hepatic energy charge levels and the blood ketone body ratios increased gradually to normal levels, concomitant with a rise in ICG clearance. Energy charge levels of the remnant liver can be evaluated by the blood ketone body ratio.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clinical classification of hepatoma in Japan according to serial changes in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels.

Quantitative determinations of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 96 patients with hepatomas have demonstrated three main groups based on changes in the serial levels: 1) patients with more than 10 000 ng/ml during most of their clinical course, and with an increase of 10 000 ng/ml or more in a week (Group A); 2) patients with levels varying from 200 to 10 000 ng/ml and with an increase of 1000 ng/ml in three to four months (Group B); and 3) patients with serum AFP level below 200 ng/ml during most of their clinical course (Group C). The patients in Group A had a mean survival time of 7.62 +/- 3.97 months, and those in Group B, 16.18 +/- 12.18 months. The patients in Group C were subdivided into two groups according to whether survival time was long (33.92 +/- 28.22 months) or short (3.75 +/- 0.87 months). Histologic findings revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma in patients in Group A, moderately differentiated carcinoma in those in Group B, and well differentiated carcinoma in those with long survival in Group C and anaplastic carcinoma in those with short survival in Group C.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Gastrin release from gastrinoma cells stimulated with secretin.

The secretin injection test has been proved to be useful in the diagnosis of gastrinoma in vivo. Fresh gastrinoma cells were cultured for a short time in vitro and then stimulated with secretin. A rise in the gastrin concentration in the culture medium was observed within 10 min after the addition of secretin. This fact may be evidence that gastrinoma cells have receptors which bind with secretin resulting in the release of gastrin.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of postoperative exocrine pancreatic function using chymotrypsin labile peptide.

The assessment of exocrine pancreatic function by the oral administration of a chymotrypsin labile peptide N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BT-PABA) has proved to be an easy and reliable test of exocrine pancreatic function. It has the additional advantage that it can be used to study exocrine pancreatic function in all operative cases, even after gastrointestinal reconstruction. The recovery of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) correlates significantly with parameters of the PZ/CCK secretin (PS) test. Following Billroth II gastrectomy, the recovery of PABA decreased to 39.8 +/- 3.2% two weeks after and to 45.4 +/- 4.5% one to two months after operation, significantly lower than the 80.6 +/- 3.4% in normal subjects. In cases of cancer of the head of the pancreas, the exocrine function was 44.0 +/- 3.7%, and decreased to 17.5 +/- 3.0% after total pancreatectomy. Thus, BT-PABA enables a pertinent evaluation of pancreatic function in postoperative patients with various types of gastrointestinal reconstruction and also in cases when the PS test cannot be feasibly used.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1982

The role of vagotomy in healing of gastric ulcers induced in rats.

The role of vagotomy for healing of gastric ulcer is obscure. To investigate the effect of vagotomy on healing of experimentally-induced gastric ulcer, a mucosal defect of a constant size was made in the gastric fundus of control rats and other rats subjected to abdominal bilateral vagotomy. Gastric acid secretory response to electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve and changes in body weight and in ulcer index (mm2) were estimated postoperatively, in these groups. Significant acid secretory responses to the vagal stimulation and constant weight gain were observed in the control rats while there was no acid secretory response and a lesser weight gain in the vagotomized rats than in the controls. There were no significant differences of postoperative ulcer indices between the two groups. These results suggest that the procedure does not alter gastric mucosal circumstances related to the healing of the gastric ulcers, although vagotomy abolishes the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cancer of the pancreas with hyperamylasemia.

A 66-yr-old woman had several attacks resembling relapsing acute pancreatitis with elevation of serum amylase for about three months. Obstruction of the main pancreatic duct was detected with endoscopic retrograde pancreatoductography, though no abnormality was revealed on celiac and mesenteric arteriograms. At that time she had no jaundice. Laparotomy revealed a walnut-sized tumor in the head of the pancreas compressing the main pancreatic duct. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the tumor was well-differentiated papillary cysto-adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. She had no attack of hyperamylasemia since the operation, and is well 2 years after the surgery. Close attention to persistent elevation of pancreatic amylase levels in serum and urine would enhance the chance of detection of small pancreatic cancers before the development of jaundice.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatic endocrine function after total gastrectomy and truncal vagotomy.

Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in four groups: (1) preoperative patients, (2) patients with interposition reconstruction after total gastrectomy, (3) patients with Roux-Y reconstruction after total gastrectomy, and (4) patients with intrathoracic replacement after esophagectomy. We obtained the following results: (1) Hyperglucagonemia in response to orally administered glucose occurred after truncal vagotomy and occurred in the presence and absence of gastric tissue. (2) compared wtih the preoperative study, all postoperative groups demonstrated glucose intolerance. (3) The glucose intolerance was due to increased glucagon, insulinopenia, and possibly nutritional factors. (4) The insulin response to intravenous glucose suggests an impairment in the first phase of insulin secretion in the surgically treated group, demonstrating a role for the vagus in insulin secretion. (5) The glucose tolerance curve shows that the interposition operation is superior the the Roux-Y operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of (+)-octanoylcarnitine on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in regenerating rabbit liver.

1 (+)-Octanoylcarnitine, a potent inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, was infused intraportally into rabbits after 70% hepatectomy, and its effects on the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis were examined. 2. The rate of DNA synthesis was markedly enhanced 48 h after hepatectomy. At this time, synthesis was decreased significantly by (+)-octanoylcarnitine. 3. It is suggested that fatty acid oxidation contributes to enhanced hepatic regeneration by elevating the decreased energy charge level [(ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)] of the remnant liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immature precursor catalase in subcellular fractions of rat liver.

Dialysis of the peroxisomal extract, microsomal extract and cytosol fraction of rat liver against a solution containing 44 mM acetate buffer, pH 4.1, and 22% ethanol resulted in elimination of immature and enzymatically inactive catalase as insoluble precipitates, leaving mature and active catalase in solution. These catalase molecules in the three different subcellular compartments were doubly labeled with injected radioactive amino acids, for 30 min with [3H]leucine and for 90 min with [14C]leucine. The specific radioactivities of peroxisomal catalase remained unchanged upon the dialysis described above. This was also the case with microsomal catalase, however, the values were much higher than those of peroxisomal catalase. On the other hand, cytosol catalase showed remarkably decreased radioactivities after the dialysis, which were comparable to those of peroxisomal catalase, and the immature and inactive catalase which had been removed by this treatment was estimated to be as highly radioactive as the microsomal catalase. By affinity chromatography using anticatalase antibody both the microsomal extract and cytosol fraction were found to contain enzymatically inactive and probably immature catalase, which did not occur in peroxisomal extracts. However, when examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the catalases in the three different subcellular fractions gave identical single bands corresponding to the monomer subunit of this enzyme protein, and no other larger molecule was detected. It was also found that the peroxisomal mature catalase did not migrate in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the same as that in microsomes and in cytosol, the latter two exhibiting the same mobility. Based on these results and others previously obtained, intracellular events in the maturation and transfer of newly synthesized catalase are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Significance of mitochondrial enhancement in restoring hepatic energy charge after revascularization of isolated ischemic liver.

The critical point of reversibility in hepatic ischemia was investigated. Immediately after the liver was isolated, the hepatic energy charge decreased rapidly from the control level of 0.85 to 0.28 and remained at a constant value during 30-, 60-, and 90-min ischemic periods. After revascularization of the liver, the rapidity toward the normalization of the energy charge and the mitochondrial phosphorylative activity were different according to the ischemic time. The livers after 30- and 60-min exclusion showed a normalization of the energy charge and the enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity, while the livers after 90-min exclusion showed only a slight increase of energy charge, which remained far from the normal value, and the enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was not observed. From these results, it is suggestive that a rapid enhancement in phosphorylative activity of the liver mitochondria after revascularization plays a decisive role on the restoration of the viability of isolated ischemic liver.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1982

Clinical experience of postoperative hepatic failure treatment with pig or baboon liver cross-hemodialysis with an interposed membrane.

The present study emphasizes the principle of using liver support to restore the blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate), which reflects the redox potential of liver mitochondria and correlates with hepatic energy charge (ATP + 0.5ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP). Eleven surgical patients with grade IV hepatic coma were treated by an ex vivo pig or baboon liver cross-hemodialysis with an interposed Cuprophan membrane when their blood ketone body ratios had decreased to below 0.4 compared with the normal of above 0.7. Three patients were treated by cross-hemodialysis using a standard Cuprophan membrane dialyzer without increase of blood ketone body ratio and without marked beneficial effect. However, five of eight patients who had blood ketone body ratios of above 0.25 became fully alert after treatment by cross-hemodialysis using the larger pore size and greater surface area Cuprophan membrane, concurrent with a rise in the decreased blood ketone body ratio, and three of them were later discharged. By contrast, in the three patients with blood ketone body ratios below 0.25, there was no restoration of consciousness and no improvement in their blood ketone body ratios by this liver support. It is suggested that, as long as the blood ketone body ratio remained over 0.25, this metabolic liver support is effective in restoring grade IV hepatic coma.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The effects of heterologous liver cross-hemodialysis on adenylate energy charge of the remnant liver after major hepatic resection.

The effect of liver support on the adenylate energy charge (ATP + 0.5ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP) of the remnant liver after major hepatic resection was studied in rabbits. The present study emphasized the principle of restoring the decreased energy charge level of the remnant liver after major hepatic resection by use of an ex vivo heterologous liver cross-hemodialysis with an interposed Cuprophan membrane. The energy charge level provides the cell with a very sensitive intracellular control mechanism. Regulatory enzymes from biosynthetic sequences exhibit very little activity at low levels of energy charge, and their activities increase sharply at high-energy charge levels. The energy charge level of the remnant liver maximally decreased from the control level of 0.860 to 0.767 at 24 hours after 70% hepatectomy. The energy charge level increased from 0.767 to 0.857 after two hours of cross-hemodialysis with an interposed Cuprophan membrane between the 24-hour, 70% hepatectomized rabbit and an ex vivo pig liver with high energy charge. The above results suggest that this ex vivo pig cross-hemodialysis may be effective for biosynthesis in the regenerative processes of the remnant liver.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1982

Effect of hypovolemic hypotension on plasma proteins and hepatic energy status in jaundiced rabbits.

Changes in plasma proteins and hematocrit (Ht) were studied in jaundiced rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension induced by the modified method of Wiggers and compared with changes in the hepatic energy status. At 48 h after common bile duct ligation, jaundiced rabbits showed hypoalbuminemia and a lower hepatic energy charge (EC), (ATP+1/2ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP). 30 min after induction of hypovolemic hypotension, in order to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg, 86% of the blood collected in the reservoir (about 19% of the normal whole blood volume) had to be successively reinfused over a 2-hour period. Despite increases in Ht and plasma total protein (p-TP) occurring in parallel with the reinfusion, plasma albumin (p-Alb) and the ratio of p-Alb to plasma globulin (A/G) did not increase. On the other hand, in sham-operated rabbits small amounts of blood had to be frequently removed during the first hour (about 34% of the normal whole blood volume), and only 34% of it had to be reinfused over a 2-hour period. Despite removal of more blood and a concomitant decrease in Ht, p-Alb and A/G ratio were higher than in jaundiced rabbits. After marked decreases in EC and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) due to the initial blood loss, EC recovered somewhat and remained higher in sham-operated rabbits than in jaundiced rabbits, whereas TAN did not recover in either group. This seems to indicate that hemodilution functions effectively to maintain microcirculation following hemorrhagic hypotension in sham-operated rabbits, while in jaundiced rabbits a rapid breakdown of protective homeostatic mechanisms results in the earlier deterioration of the hepatic energy status.

Animals↗