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Biomedical subjects

T Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to T Thompson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Measurement of the fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio in normal adults and its variation with age and sex.

Conditions for the determination of the fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio (OHPr: Cr ratio) have been examined, using a resin-catalysed hydrolysis and automated colorimetric procedure for the determination of hydroxyproline. Feeding experiments with gelatin showed that hydroxyproline is rapidly absorbed and excreted in the urine and that a 12-hour (overnight) fast is sufficient to ensure correct and reproducible fasting OHPr: Cr ratios. The mean fasting OHPr: Cr ratio decreased slightly with increasing age in both men and premenopausal women but there was no significant difference between the sexes. There was, however, a significant increase in the mean ratio in postmenopausal women. The normal range of fasting OHPr: Cr ratios for men and premenopausal women was found to be 0.003--0.015.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Immune thrombocytopenia in severe neonatal infections.

Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in newborn infants with sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains obscure in those infants who do not have evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Since recent work has suggested a possible immune mechanism for thrombocytopenia observed in adults with sepsis, we have investigated the role of platelet-associated immunoglobulin in severe neonatal infections. To detect PAIgG we use a method employing protein A and peroxidase-antiperoxidase as a labeled antibody. PAIgG was quantitated by phase contrast microscopy and expressed as a reactive index. Our control group included 16 normal newborn infants whose mean RI was 0.65 +/- 0.01 SE. In addition to the control group, five infants with nonimmune thrombocytopenia were included; their mean RI was 0.66 +/- 0.01 SE. Seventeen newborn infants with severe infections were assayed for PAIgG. Eight of nine infants with bacterial infections had increased RI, with a mean of 1.16 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). Six of the eight infants with viral infections had elevated RI, with a mean of 1.23 +/- 0.03 SE (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that an immune mechanism may be involved in the thrombocytopenia of severe neonatal infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

A cojoint, operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents.

This article describes a community treatment program established in a semirural New Mexico community that was cojointly administered by the local school district, university and mental health center in order to facilitate the adoption of personal and academic skills among profoundly, behaviorally disordered adolescents. The treatment, a model classroom, is staffed by a fulltime teacher and a full-time psychologist whose roles are differentiated primarily by the ways and type of operant behavior they reinforce. This cojoint operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents was successful in facilitating the overall adjustment of eight adolescents in one academic year, as evidenced results of a behavior rating scale, projective testing, and parents' checklist and individual interviews. Theoretical bases and procedures for implementing the model are described, and recommendations for future programs serving emotionally disturbed adolescents are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chronic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration and schedule-induced aggression.

The effects of 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) on key-pecking maintained by a response-initiated fixed interval (FI) schedule of food presentation and schedule-induced aggression in the pigeon were studied. Initially, following the administration of delta 9-THC both the rate of key-pecking and attack responding were markedly reduced. Over sessions, tolerance developed to the suppressant effect on key-pecking, with the rate returning to the predrug level. The suppressing effect of delta 9-THC on the rate of attack remained at or near zero throughout the series of delta 9-THC injections.

Aggression↗
PubMed1980

Peptic ulcer disease in early infancy: clinical presentation and roentgenographic features.

Sixteen infants under 11 weeks of age developed documented peptic ulcer disease involving the stomach, duodenum or pylorus during an eight-year period in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. The precipitous onset of gastrointestinal bleeding and/or perforation commonly associated with ulcer disease in early infancy was present in only seven (44%) of the 16 patients. The remaining nine infants (56%) presented with recurrent emesis, a presentation of peptic ulcer disease rarely described in the first weeks of life. Contrast radiography was used to demonstrate a definite ulcer crate in 13 of these patients. Two had their ulcers diagnosed at surgery and one by endoscopy. Radiographic demonstration of pylorospasm and/or gastric retention was often associated with ulcer craters located in the pyloric channel or gastric antrum. Only two patients required surgery for massive bleeding and perforation. The remainder were successfully managed medically using orogastric suction antacids and gradual resumption of milk feedings. There were no deaths within our population attributable to peptic ulcer disease.

Antacids↗
PubMed1980

Dental root abnormalities and gingival overgrowth in epileptic patients receiving anticonvulsant therapy.

Forty-six mentally retarded epileptic patients being treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital were studied to determine the root/crown length ratios. Forty-five mentally retarded patients not receiving anticonvulsant drugs provided the controls. Further, because serum phenytoin levels have been related to severity of gingival hyperplasia, efforts were made to determine if the hyperplasia was associated with dental root abnormalities and also whether these abnormalities could be related to epilepsy per se. Results showed that in certain teeth there was a smaller root/crown ratio in the patients taking anticonvulsant medication. The male patients were more affected than the female. The unusually short roots were not necessarily related to high serum phenytoin but the severity of gingival overgrowth was. Histologic study of teeth from patients taking anticonvulsants revealed developmental abnormalities and resorption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Methadone-induced attenuation of the effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on temporal discrimination in pigeons.

Pigeons responded under a discrete trial procedure in which they were required to peck one of two keys depending on the duration of a conditional stimulus (general illumination of the experimental chamber). Correct choices (red key after a 4-sec stimulus; green key after an 8-sec stimulus) resulted in the intermittent presentation of food; incorrect choices resulted in a darkened chamber. Intermediate durations (probe stimuli) were also presented occasionally. The effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 0.06-0.50 mg/kg) and repeated methadone injections (2-20 mg/kg/day) were assessed alone and in combination. THC resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in accuracy with the greater effect on long-duration trials. Repeated methadone alone resulted in a decrease in accuracy only when the methadone dose was changed. High doses of methadone (6 and 20 mg/kg/day) resulted in either a complete (0.25 mg/kg of THC) or partial (0.50 mg/kg of THC) attenuation of effects of THC on temporal discrimination accuracy as compared to a low methadone dose (2 mg/kg/day) or THC alone. The results suggest the possibility of cross-tolerance or antagonism between methadone and THC.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Naloxone effects on schedule-controlled behavior in morphine-pelleted rats.

The effects of morphine pellet implantation and naloxone administration were examined in rats lever pressing under inter-response time schedules of food presentation. Subcutaneous implantation of a morphine pellet initially decreased lever-pressing rates. Tolerance to this effect developed within 3--4 days. Naloxone (0.25--1.0 mg/kg) decreased response rates in morphine-pelleted rats in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. All doses of naloxone severely decreased rates of lever pressing on days four to nine post-pellet. This rate-decreasing effect persisted 7--17 days for 0.25 mg/kg naloxone, 9--22 days for 0.50 mg/kg, and 13--28 days for 1.0 mg/kg. Decreases in response rate were due to an increased frequency of long pauses and not to marked shifts in the temporal patterning of those lever presses that did occur. Changes in response rate after naloxone were accompanied by body weight loss. Area values summarizing the naloxone-induced changes in response rate or body weight over time after pellet implantation increased as a function of naloxone dose. Naloxone (0.25--1.0 mg/kg) did not alter performance by placebo-pelleted rats.

Animals↗