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T Terashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Terashima.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical localization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the rat retina.

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) consisting of alpha and beta isoforms is highly expressed in the central nervous system and is implicated in the regulation of various Ca(2+)-dependent physiological processes. We investigated the immunohistochemical distribution of the alpha and beta isoforms of this enzyme in the rat retina, using highly specific monoclonal antibodies which recognize each isoform. Immunoblotting revealed that not only the alpha but also the beta isoform of CaM kinase II were expressed in the retina. The immunohistochemical study showed that highly alpha-immunoreactive products were localized in amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and displaced amacrine cells and ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer. In addition, two well-defined bands within the inner plexiform layer were densely stained with the anti-alpha antibody. By contrast, immunoreactivity against the anti-beta antibody was very weak in the same neuronal components of the retina. beta-Immunoreactive products were homogeneously distributed throughout the inner plexiform layer and no well-defined bands were detected in this layer. Glial cells such as Müller cells were immunoreactive neither to alpha nor beta antibody. A possible co-existence of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) within CaM kinase II alpha-immunopositive neurons was examined by evaluating adjacent sections stained with anti-CaM kinase II alpha antibody and anti-ChAT antibody, respectively. The distribution of CaM kinase II alpha immunoreactivity in the rat retina was remarkably similar to that of ChAT immunoreactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Migration behavior of granule cells on laminin in cerebellar microexplant cultures from early postnatal reeler mutant mice.

The behaviors of neuroblasts of granule cell neurons and their precursor cells on a poly-L-lysine/laminin substratum were examined in cerebellar microexplant cultures from early postnatal reeler mutant and normal mice. The total numbers of migrating neuroblasts and their precursor cells or blast cells derived from the mutant cerebellum were markedly reduced in comparison with their normal counterparts. However, no difference was shown between these two strains in either the numbers of blast cells or neuroblasts that migrated from single explants. In addition, all behaviors examined, such as migration of neuroblasts and the proliferation of blast cells in culture were identical between both genotypes. Thus, behaviors of both granule cells and their precursors in the cerebellar cortex of reeler mutant mouse may be qualitatively identical to those of normal counterparts, but precursors of granule cells in the external germinal layer of the cerebellar cortex may be reduced in the reeler mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical localization of minor gangliosides in the rat central nervous system.

We previously described the differential distribution of major gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b) in adult rat brain detected by specific antibodies (Kotani, M., Kawashima, I., Ozawa, I., Terashima, T. and Tai, T. Glycobiology, 3, 137-146, 1993). We report here the distribution of minor gangliosides in the adult rat brain by an immunofluorescence technique with mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Ten MAbs (GMR6, GMB28, GMR11, GMR19, GMR2, GMR7, GGR51, AMR10, NGR54 and NGR53) that specifically recognize GM3, GM2, GT1a, GD3, O-Acdisialoganglioside, GD2, GM1b, GM4, IV3NeuAc alpha-nLc4Cer and IV6NeuAc alpha-nLc4Cer, respectively, were used. Our study revealed that there is a cell type-specific expression of minor gangliosides, as well as major gangliosides, in the rat brain. In the cerebellar cortex, GM3 was expressed intensely in the white matter and slightly in the granular layer. GD3 was present in both the granular layer and the white matter, but not in the Purkinje cell layer or in the molecular layer. An O-Ac-disialoganglioside, which was suggested to be O-Ac-LD1, was detected exclusively in both the molecular layer and Purkinje cell layer. The presence of GD2 was restricted to the granular layer. GM4 was associated with some astrocytes, but not with myelin or oligodendrocytes. GM2, GT1a, GM1b, IV3NeuAc alpha-nLc4Cer and IV6NeuAc alpha-nLc4Cer gangliosides were not clearly detected in the cerebellar cortex. In other regions, such as cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and spinal cord, the expression of the gangliosides was also highly localized to a specific cell type and layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Regional lung hematocrit variation and assessment of acute lung injury.

Estimating blood content in the lung remains a key step in calculating lung water volume and microvascular permeability. We studied the effect of regional lung hematocrit (Hct) variation on assessment of acute lung injury. Escherichia coli endotoxin was administered in guinea pigs intravenously. Lung injury was evaluated by measuring the wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) and transvascular 125I-labeled albumin leakage for 3 h [tissue-to-plasma 125I-albumin ratio (T/P)] in five tissue samples from each animal. Residual blood content was corrected using either 51Cr-red blood cells as a blood cell marker, 99mTc-albumin as a plasma marker, or both, injected 10 min before the guinea pigs were killed. Lung Hct, estimated from the marker counts of lung and peripheral blood samples, was lower than peripheral blood Hct; intraindividual variation, represented by the standard deviation in each subject, was 0.024 +/- 0.015 for the control group (coefficient of variation 8.0 +/- 5.1%) and 0.026 +/- 0.013 for the endotoxin group (coefficient of variation 8.5 +/- 4.1%). Uncorrected W/D for residual blood content was greater than the corrected W/D. 99mTc-albumin correction gave values closer to the W/D corrected by both markers. T/P corrected by 99mTc-albumin showed smaller data variations than the values obtained with 51Cr-red blood cell correction, which was affected by variations in lung Hct. We recommend using a plasma marker to correct for blood content in assessing acute lung injury by W/D and T/P.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor exacerbates acute lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin in guinea pigs.

The effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) on the lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin were studied using guinea pigs. Animals were divided into four groups: (1) saline control, (2) endotoxin alone, (3) cyclophosphamide (CPA)+endotoxin, and (4) CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin. CPA was injected intraperitoneally to suppress hematopoietic function 7 d before the study. rG-CSF at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg was administered subcutaneously twice a day for 5 consecutive d beginning 2 d after the CPA pretreatment. Saline or 0.2 mg/kg of endotoxin was administered via the airway, and the animals were observed for 4 h. 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin was mixed with saline or endotoxin to obtain a lobar distribution. Lung injury was assessed by the concentration ratio of 125I-labeled albumin in lung tissue to plasma (T/P) and lung wet-dry weight ratio (W/D). We also counted the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and fixed lung tissues. T/P, but not W/D, increased in endotoxin-alone and CPA+endotoxin groups compared with the saline control group (p < 0.01). Both T/P and W/D of the CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin group were significantly higher than those of the endotoxin-alone and CPA+endotoxin groups (p < 0.01). In the CPA+rG-CSF+endotoxin group, histopathologic examination of the lung sections showed neutrophil recruitment into the lung, and neutrophil counts in BAL fluid were elevated. In conclusion, pretreatment with rG-CSF increased sequestration of neutrophils into the lung and exacerbated the lung injury induced by intratracheal endotoxin in CPA-treated guinea pigs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Lung cancer with skin metastasis.

We describe findings in 34 cases of lung cancer with skin metastases. In 24 men and 10 women, ages ranged from 32 to 85 years (mean, 61 years). In five, a skin lesion was the first manifestation of the underlying cancer; in another four, it was found coincidentally with detection of the lung mass. Pathologic findings included adenocarcinoma in 18 patients, large-cell carcinoma in 9, squamous cell carcinoma in 5, and small-cell carcinoma in 2. Among 87 patients with large-cell carcinoma, 9 (10.3 percent) developed cutaneous metastases. A review of 510 autopsies of primary lung cancer at Keio University from 1958 to 1992 showed 25 cases with skin metastases (4.9 percent), adenocarcinoma in 13 cases, large-cell carcinoma in 6, squamous cell carcinoma in 4, and small-cell carcinoma in 2. Skin metastases were proven in 15.4 percent of autopsy cases of large-cell carcinoma of the lung. Mean survival time from diagnosis of lung cancer was 10.3 months and that from diagnosis of skin metastasis was 4.9 months. The prognosis for patients having lung cancer with skin metastasis is thus very poor. In the review of 34 patients and 25 autopsies of lung cancer with skin metastasis, we conclude that the incidence of cutaneous metastasis is high for large-cell carcinoma and low for squamous and small-cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The importance of prevention of sinusoidal endothelial cell injury during cold preservation of liver graft.

We investigated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, lipid peroxidation, and activities of radical scavenging enzymes in mitochondria, as well as the ultrastructural morphological changes during cold preservation of swine liver grafts (n = 6) with either Euro Collins (EC) or University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions. The liver, harvested by a standard procedure, was preserved in one of the solutions at 4 degrees C. The values of the total adenine nucleotide and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), an index of ATP synthesis, decreased gradually for up to 24 hr during preservation with either of the two solutions and there was no statistical difference between them. Chemiluminescence of mitochondria, an index of lipid peroxidation, in the graft preserved with EC solution or UW solution decreased, and after 24 hr there was no significant difference between the two solutions. Activities of radical scavenging enzymes were well maintained in any of the two solutions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings showed that the sinusoidal endothelial cells were preserved much better with UW solution than with EC solution even after 12 hr preservation. We concluded that UW solution, more effective for the protection against injuries of the sinusoidal endothelial cells during cold preservation, leads to better results in clinical transplantation, but this solution has no protective effects on energy production, nor radical scavenging enzyme activities of mitochondria. In the maintenance of liver graft viability, protection of the sinusoidal microcirculatory disturbance is more important than that of the mitochondrial function.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1994

Clinical significance of measuring myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive material and 7S collagen in plasma of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome.

We measured myeloperoxidase (MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive material (TBARM), and Type IV collagen 7S domain (7S collagen) in the plasma of 21 patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Sixteen healthy subjects served as a control group. There was no significant difference in MPO between the control and ALI groups. The TBARM and 7S collagen concentrations in ALI (TBARM; 3.05 +/- 0.65 nMol/ml, 7S collagen 9.06 +/- 5.96 ng/ml: Mean +/- SD) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.54 +/- 0.33 and 3.43 +/- 1.05, p < 0.05). TBARM and 7S collagen levels of deceased ALI patients were higher than those of surviving ALI patients (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the plasma levels of these two parameters and the lung injury scores. Our findings suggest that plasma TBARM and 7S collagen are useful markers for the assessment of the severity of ARDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium xenopi.

We describe two cases of pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium xenopi (M. xenopi). Both cases were men, ages 61 and 54 yr. In the first patient, lung infection due to M. xenopi occurred after gastrectomy. The second patient had an inactive M. tuberculosis infection. Both had pulmonary symptoms including cough, sputum and fever. Each chest X-ray showed an infiltrative shadow with a cavity in a unilateral, upper lobe. Isolates from both patients were studied not only by microbiological characteristics but also by DNA-DNA hybridization. All isolates were susceptible to streptomycin and kanamycin. In the first case, the patient had initially received rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol despite in vitro susceptibility patterns, however, there was no response and a new infiltrative shadow appeared in the contralateral lobe. With a multiple drug regimen based on in vitro susceptibility, clinical and roentgenographic improvements were achieved. The second patient showed a favorable response to the initial chemotherapy. Pulmonary infection due to M. xenopi can generally be successfully treated with drugs to which the organisms show in vitro sensitivity. We also reviewed the other two cases reported in Japan.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1994

[Hodgkin's disease with a giant thymic cyst].

An asymptomatic 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for examination of an abnormal mediastinal shadow on chest X-ray. Chest CT showed a large mass in the anterior mediastinum with marked para-aortic lymph node enlargement. The mass consisted mostly of multiloculated low-density areas surrounded by a rim of enhancing parenchymal tissue. Both the cystic tumor and surrounding lymph nodes were resected. The tumor measured 18 x 10 x 2 cm and contained about 450 ml of straw colored fluid. Pathological examination revealed a thymic cyst, the wall of which was composed of Hodgkin's lymphoma cells and nodular sclerotic lesions containing many lacunar cells and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Observations on structural features and characteristics of biological apatite crystals. 9. Observation on dissolution of carious enamel crystals.

In a series of studies to investigate the basic structural features and characteristics of the biological apatite crystals using a transmission electron microscope, we examined the ultrastructure of the human enamel, dentin, and bone crystals through the cross and longitudinal sections at near atomic resolution. Subsequently, using the same approach, we have been able to directly examine the images of the lattice imperfections in the crystal lattices of the human tooth and bone crystals, and the images of the fusion of the crystals. In this research, furthermore, using transmission and scanning electron microscopes, we examined the dissolution of the enamel crystals caused by the carious enamel from the same viewpoint. The material used for the observation of the dissolution of the enamel crystals was obtained from the region which corresponds to the middle layer of the enamel at the portion near the wall of a carious cavity caused by the fissure caries on the occlusal surface of the lower first molars. Small cubes of the materials used for the observation by transmission electron electron microscope were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in epoxy resin using the routine methods. The ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife without decalcification. The sections were examined with the HITACHI H-800H type transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. Each crystal was observed at an initial magnification of 300,000 times and at a final magnification of 10,000,000 times and over. The material used for the observation by the scanning electron microscope was the fractured surface obtained from the carious enamel. The fractured carious enamel surfaces were coated with carbon and gold and observed with the HITACHI HHS-2R type scanning electron microscope operated at 25 kV. The crystals were observed at a final magnification of 50,000 times. As a result, we have confirmed that the dissolution of the enamel crystals caused by a caries occurs in the units of "hexagonal cell". We sincerely believe that the electron micrographs shown in this report are the first to show the images of the dissolution of the enamel crystals caused by a caries at near atomic resolution.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1993

Musculotopic organization of the facial nucleus of the reeler mutant mouse.

The migration of facial motoneurons is affected by the reeler gene, and the facial nucleus of the reeler mutant is cytoarchitecturally abnormal. The present study was undertaken to compare the musculotopic organization of the reeler facial nucleus with that of the normal mouse by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase method. In the normal mouse, motoneurons supplying the nasolabial muscle were located in the lateral and dorsolateral subnuclei, those supplying the posterior auricular muscle in the ventromedial and dorsomedial subnuclei, those supplying the mentalis/platysma muscle in the ventral intermediate subnucleus of the facial nucleus, and those supplying the posterior belly of the digastric muscle in the accessory facial nucleus. This musculotopic representation on the main facial nucleus and accessory facial nucleus also appears in the reeler mouse. The musculotopic representation of the facial nucleus of the reeler mouse is thus identical to that of the normal mouse in spite of the former's cytoarchitectonic abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of guanine nucleotide-binding protein in the brain of the reeler mutant mouse.

The localization of a GTP-binding protein (G(o)) in the cerebellar and cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the normal and reeler mutant mouse was immunohistochemically examined using affinity-purified antibody raised against the alpha subunit of G(o). Although the general distribution pattern of G(o)-immunoreactive products in the brain of the normal mouse, i.e., abundant in the neuropil but absent from neuronal cell bodies, is also seen in the reeler brain, some differences are present, as described below. Strong G(o)-immunoreactive products are found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of the normal mouse. In the reeler cerebellum, in addition to the strong G(o)-immunoreactivity of the thin molecular layer, moderate G(o)-immunoreactivities are also found in the granular cell layer and the central cerebellar mass. G(o)-immunoreactive products are distributed throughout all layers of the cerebral cortex of the normal and reeler mouse. However, layer I of the normal cerebral cortex is more strongly stained with this antibody than the underlying layers, whereas the upper third of the reeler cerebral cortex is more strongly stained than the lower two-thirds. In the hippocampus of the normal mouse, G(o)-immunoreactive products are localized in the neuropil of the stratum oriens, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare, but absent from the cell bodies of the pyramidal cells and their apical dendritic shafts. Such a distribution pattern of G(o)-immunoreactive products is also seen in the hippocampus of the reeler mouse, except that G(o)-immunonegative pyramidal cells split into 2 or 3 laminae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Differential distribution of major gangliosides in rat central nervous system detected by specific monoclonal antibodies.

We investigated the localization of major gangliosides in adult rat brain by an immunofluorescence technique with mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Five MAbs (GMB16, GMR17, GGR12, GMR5 and GMR13) that specifically recognize gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b, respectively, were used. We have found that there is a cell type-specific expression of the ganglioside in the rat central nervous system. In cerebellar cortex, GM1 was expressed in myelin and some glial cells. GD1a was detected exclusively in the molecular layer. GD1b and GQ1b were present restrictedly on the granular layer; GD1b was detected on the surface of the granular cell bodies, whereas GQ1b was present in the cerebellar glomerulus. GT1b was distributed intensely in both the molecular layer and the granular layer. In cerebral cortex, GM1 was detected in some glial cells. Dense staining was limited to the white matter. GD1a was distributed in layers I, II/III and Va, and the upper part of layer VI, whereas GQ1b was localized in layers IV and Vb, and the lower part of layer VI. GD1b was detected beneath layer III. GT1b appeared to be distributed throughout all layers. In other regions, such as hippocampal formation and spinal cord, the expression of the ganglioside was also highly localized to a specific cell type and layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Generation of a monoclonal antibody specific for ganglioside GM4: evidence for GM4 expression on astrocytes in chicken cerebellum.

We established a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for ganglioside GM4 by immunizing C3H/HeN mice with chemically synthesized GM4 adsorbed to Salmonella minnesota, followed by fusion with mouse myeloma cells. The MAb, designated as AMR10, was shown to exhibit high binding specificity, reacting only with the ganglioside GM4 used for immunization and native GM4 from human brain. We determined the distribution of GM4 in adult chicken cerebellum by means of the immunofluorescence technique with the MAb. Our study revealed that GM4 expression was associated with astrocytes in the granular layer and the white matter, but not with myelin in any layers of the chicken cerebellar cortex.

Animals↗