Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Terada.
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The feasibility of using glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) released from chicken spermatozoa for evaluation of freeze-thaw damage and the optimum concentration of glycerol on the basis of GOT release were examined. There was a highly significant correlation (-.88) between sperm motility in media containing various concentrations of glycerol and GOT activity in extracellular media after freeze-thawing. This indicates that GOT activity in the supernatant of frozen-thawed semen may be useful as an indicator for frozen-thawed injury of chicken spermatozoa. The amounts of GOT released from spermatozoa after 20 min of glycerol equilibration at 5 C gradually increased from 1 to 18% glycerol. The GOT activity in the extracellular medium after freeze-thawing was lowest at 10% glycerol. To estimate GOT leakage from spermatozoa during the freeze process, except glycerol equilibration, the amounts of GOT just before freezing were subtracted from the amounts of GOT after freeze-thawing. The minimum difference between GOT leakage before and after freeze-thawing was shown to be at 16% glycerol.
A 6-year-old boy whose chief complaint was retentio testis was referred to our clinic. He had mental retardation, shortness of stature of prenatal onset, retarded growth, microbrachycephaly, bushy eyebrows, long eyelashes, low-set ears and micromelia, and was diagnosed to have Cornelia de Lange syndrome. As in most cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome the cause of our case was not clear, and chromosome analysis showed a 46,XY constitution. In our case, we performed bilateral orchidopexy for retentio testis because of the problem of fertility and the danger of malignancy. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is rare and the urologic literature dealing with this disease has never been reported in Japan. The clinical features of this disease are discussed in the present report.
To perform AIH, an artificial spermatocele was inserted into the epididymis for obstructive azoospermia (probably caused by congenital defect of the spermiduct on one side and by accidental vasosection in hernioplasty on the other). The graft used was a cup-shaped alloplastic spermatocele made of silicon-dacron, developed by Wagenknecht et al. The epididymal duct was incised microscopically. The graft was sutured to the epididymal involucrum, punctured through the scrotal skin by an injection needle and aspirated spermatozoa accumulated in the internal cavity, and subjected to AIH. Postoperatively, acceleration of spermatogenesis was attempted by injecting i.m. HCG 2,000 U-HMG 150 U twice a week, but spermatozoa both qualitatively and quantatively sufficient to perform AIH could not be obtained. Spermatozoa were no longer found after two and a half postoperative months. Despite the present failure, we would like to develop a method of grafting of this kind as more precise therapeutic means through further technical improvements in grafting.
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Congenital vesicovaginal fistula is very rare and only five cases have been reported so far. This is a report on a case of congenital vesicovaginal fistula in a three-year-old girl. Vesicovaginal fistula was confirmed by cystoscopy and colposcopy. Roentgen examinations, including IVP, CG and CT revealed a left hypoplastic kidney, left ectopic ureteric orifice and left vesicoureteral reflux. Under general anesthesia, the fistula was resected and closed transvesically, and ureterocystoneostomy was performed. Five out of the six cases of congenital vesicovaginal fistula reported worldwide had other congenital complications of the genitourinary system, but the etiology of this anomaly is still unknown.
A 26-year-old man with the chief complaint of male infertility for 3 years was referred to our clinic. Physical examination of the patient revealed normal male habitus except for a small testis. His semen analysis showed no sperm. Levels of plasma LH and FSH were high compared with normal ones but that of plasma testosterone was within the normal range. Histological examination of his testis showed no spermatogenesis. Chromosome analysis with peripheral blood revealed 46, XX. H-Y antigen could be detected by in vitro cytotoxicity tests. By the above findings, the diagnosis of XX-male was made. Literature dealing with this disease is scanty. Only 18 cases of XX-male including our case were collected in Japan. The etiology and clinical features of this disease are discussed in the present report.
To study its clinical effect, Tsumura Seishinrenshiin, was administered to male patients of chronic prostatitis and urethritis with various equivocal complaints of the lower urinary tract and female patients complaining of cystitoid symptoms inspite of normal urine. These subjects were 35 males, 20 to 69 years and 7 females 22 to 78 years. For the patients who had constitutionally infirm stomach and intestines the rate of effectiveness reached 41%, which was rather satisfactory. For the other patients, however, it was only 28%. Besides no correlation was observed between the age of patient and the effectiveness. A combined administration of antibiotics and antibacterial agents led to no increase in the effectiveness. All of the side effects were rather slight, which permitted its continuous administration over a period of more than 4 weeks. From the above findings Seishinrenshiin was expected to be both effective for the patients who have constitutionally infirm stomach and intestines and can be used safely.
An enzyme preparation from beef liver catalyzed the isomerization and epimerization of D-erythrose 4-phosphate to D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-threose 4-phosphate. The presence of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-threose 4-phosphate was demonstrated by several analytical methods. After dephosphorylation, the presence of D-erythrulose and D-threose was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and an enzymatic method depending upon D-erythrulose reductase. The enzymatic products were also identified and simultaneously quantitated by a new procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Each of three tetroses was distinguished by the combination of the reduction with sodium borodeuteride and the determination of relative intensities of the ion pairs m/z 379 and 380 of sugar tetritol trifluoroacetate. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we observed that D-threose 4-phosphate was also converted into D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-erythrose 4-phosphate. At the equilibrium, about 90% of the tetrose 4-phosphate existed in the form of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate. On the basis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometric evidence together with gas chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic patterns, it is suggested that the single enzyme of the beef liver catalyzed both reactions of isomerization and epimerization of aldotetrose 4-phosphate.
Fresh Muscovy drake spermatozoa were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average lengths of the segments were: acrosome 1.8 micron, nucleus 10.9 micron, midpiece 3.6 micron and flagellum (exclusive of midpiece) 71 micron. Under the light microscope, the incidence of abnormal spermatozoa in Muscovy semen subjected to freezing and thawing (almost all with crooked necks) was about 5% higher than that in diluted unfrozen semen. In thawed semen, various abnormalities of the acrosome were observed under the SEM. It seemed that the most radical change was the complete separation of the acrosome from the apical part of the nucleus. The incidence of abnormal acrosomes was increased more than 20% by freezing and thawing. These results suggest that low fertility in thawed semen may be related to increases in the proportion of spermatozoa with crooked necks and acrosomal damage.
The effects of various cryoprotectants (glycerol, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), methylformamide and ethylene glycol) of the same molarity on preserving the morphology of frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa (especially midpiece and acrosome) were examined under the light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the most suitable. Under LM, the mean respective increases in sperm deformity in semen diluted with ethylene glycol, methylformamide, glycerol and DMSO were 4.5, 4.9, 5.0 and 6.5 percentage points. Under SEM, the mean respective increases in acrosomal deterioration in semen diluted with glycerol, ethylene glycol, DMSO and methylformamide were 6.6, 8.8, 13.1 and 31.2 percentage points. From these results, it appears that glycerol is superior to ethylene glycol DMSO and methylformamide as a cryoprotectant.
The authors report a case of intracerebral arteriovenous malformation fed by the anterior ethmoidal artery. The nidus was located in the brain parenchyma, although its feeder was a dural artery. The etiology of this rare condition is discussed.
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A case of the XYY syndrome is reported. A 29-year-old man visited our hospital because of infertility and right undescended testicle. He was tall (181 cm) and his intelligence level was below average but his character was not violent. His right testis was touched in his right inguinal region and it was atrophic. Analysis of the semen showed no sperm. The biopsied specimen of his left descended testis as well as right undescended testicle showed spermatogenic arrest. Consequently we speculated that the spermatogenesis was injured by the surplus Y chromosome. On endocrinologic examination, plasma LH and FSH were high and testosterone revealed to be low. These data were slightly abnormal, but similar to those of most previous investigators.
A 24-year-old man whose chief complaint was male infertility for 3 years was referred to our clinic. Round nodules approximately 2 cm in diameter were observed both in the left epididymis-head and the right para-epididymal head. These tumors were removed and they were confirmed to be papillary cystadenoma histopathologically. Only 6 cases of papillary cystadenoma including our case were collected in Japan. Pathologic lesions of this disease associated with Lindau's disease were also discussed.
We investigated the effect of acute and chronic administration of lithium on neuroleptic receptors ([3H]spiroperidol binding sites) and serotonin receptors ([3H]serotonin binding sites) in rat brain. In the limbic-forebrain, both acute and chronic lithium treatment significantly reduced the density (Bmax) of neuroleptic receptors, without affecting the affinity (Kd) of those receptors. However, lithium treatment had no apparent effect on neuroleptic receptors in the caudate-putamen and frontal cortex in either acute or chronic administrations. On the other hand, acute lithium administration markedly decreased the Kd and Bmax of serotonin receptors in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebral cortex; this distinct observation was also found in animals chronically treated with lithium. These results indicate that lithium has an inhibitory effect on neuroleptic receptors in the limbic-forebrain and on serotonin receptors in the hippocampus. Therefore, it is possible to postulate that these effects of lithium in specific brain regions may be related to the therapeutic mechanism of this drug in affective disorders.