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Biomedical subjects

T Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to T Taylor.

233 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma concentrations and relative bioavailability of naftidrofuryl from different salt forms.

The relative bioavailability of the vasodilator naftidrofuryl from formulations containing its oxalate or citrate salt has been estimated using a specific HPLC assay, and a less specific fluorimetric assay, to measure plasma drug concentrations. The conclusions of the study were the same irrespective of the assay employed. The relative rate, but not the extent, of bioavailability of naftidrofuryl from the citrate salt (peak 1096 ng ml-1 at 0.76 h) was marginally greater (p = 0.003) than that from the oxalate salt (peak 922 ng ml-1 at 0.94 h). The degree of intersubject variability was similar after administration of either salt form. The mean half-life of naftidrofuryl was 1.8 h and its mean residence time was 2.5 h.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate after cutaneous and sublingual doses to human subjects.

After application of 100 mg (nominal dose) isosorbide dinitrate as an ointment to the skin of human subjects, mean drug concentrations were 1 to 2 ng/ml for 1.5 hour and reached a peak of 6.2 ng/ml at 6 hours. Thereafter, mean concentrations declined slowly to 2.9 ng/ml at 12 hours and 1.2 ng/ml at 24 hours. After a sublingual dose of 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate, mean drug concentrations reached a peak of 15.9 ng/ml at 0.5 hour and declined with a half-life of about 50 minutes. The mean bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate from the ointment was estimated as 30 per cent of that from the sublingual tablet when corrected for differences in dose/body weight ratio. The results demonstrate that concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate in plasma can be maintained for relatively long periods when the drug is applied to the skin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management issues related to effectively implementing a nutrition education program using peer educators.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of administrative aspects of a nutrition education program with peer educators delivering the program. DESIGN: Telephone interviews with peer educators trained to deliver La Cocina Saludable, a nutrition education program for Hispanics. Open- and closed-ended questions. SUBJECTS/SETTINGS: Abuelas (grandmothers) recruited and trained as peer educators for the program. The sample included peer educators no longer teaching (22%), currently teaching (30%), and who never taught after training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motives and incentives for becoming peer educators, challenges for peer educators, and reasons peer educators withdrew from the program. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data from the closed-ended questions. Qualitative analysis was applied to data from open-ended questions. RESULTS: Working with community and learning about nutrition were prime motivators. Recruiting participants and coordination of classes appeared to be major challenges. Personal issues and traveling in a large geographic area were cited as the main reasons for quitting. IMPLICATIONS: The effectiveness of using peer educators for La Cocina Saludable may be improved through empowerment, additional training, a structured and equitable reimbursement system, and assistance to carry out administrative tasks.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing complications from hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis is a complex procedure requiring the most skilled nurses. Critically ill patients who undergo hemodialysis are at a greater risk of cardiovascular, circulatory, electrolyte, neurologic, and other complications. The critical care nurse helps prevent or reduce these complications.

Humans↗
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Duration of action and short-term hormonal responses to enalapril (MK 421) in normal subjects.

Enalapril is a converting enzyme inhibitor with a prolonged duration of action. We investigated the arterial pressure and hormonal responses to angiotensin I infusion(s) in eight normotensive human volunteers at various intervals after administration of 10 mg enalapril to assess more precisely its duration of action, particularly in relationship to angiotensin II's influence on aldosterone secretion and renal vasoconstriction. In normotensive sodium-restricted subjects, there was significant attenuation (p less than 0.025) of diastolic blood pressure response to angiotensin I infusion even as long as 28 h after administration of enalapril. This was accompanied by a significant (p less than 0.02) accumulation of angiotensin I and reduction of the angiotensin II increment in response to angiotensin I infusion. In contrast to the persistent efficacy of enalapril, as assessed by angiotensin I infusion, basal levels of angiotension II had returned to control levels by 22-24 h postdrug. Yet there was a persistent reduction of diastolic blood pressure even as long as 28 h postdrug. The persistent hypotension could not be explained on the basis of changes in other potential vasoactive factors (epinephrine, norepinephrine, bradykinin, or prostaglandin), as none of these was significantly modified by enalapril administration. In summary, enalapril in a dose of 10 mg p.o. produced a significant reduction in blood pressure in this study for up to 28 h. Unlike captopril, enalapril does not modify circulating prostaglandins and kinins. Although the level of activation of the renin-angiotensin system had returned to control values 24 h after enalapril administration, there was evidence from the angiotensin I infusions of continued blockade of the angiotensin-converting enzyme for as long as 28 h.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Converting-enzyme inhibition corrects the altered adrenal response to angiotensin II in essential hypertension.

Of patients with essential hypertension, 30% to 50% do not modulate adrenal and renovascular responsiveness to angiotensin II (AII) with changes in sodium intake. To define the role of AII in mediating these altered responses, the adrenal and renal vascular responses to AII infusion (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 ng/kg/min) were assessed on a sodium-restricted intake in 31 patients with essential hypertension and 13 normotensive controls before and after 72 hours of converting-enzyme inhibition. Forty percent of the hypertensive patients had a subnormal adrenal response to AII. There were no differences between the normal and abnormal responding hypertensive patients in a number of clinical and biochemical factors except that the "abnormal responders" had a significantly (p less than 0.03) greater control AII level (37 +/- 3 vs 29 +/- 3 pg/ml) and lower control plasma aldosterone level (14 +/- 2 vs 22 +/- 3 ng/dl) than the "normal responders." When a converting-enzyme inhibitor was administered, no change in adrenal responsiveness to AII occurred in the normotensive controls or the hypertensive normal responders. In the hypertensive abnormal responders, both the threshold sensitivity and the entire dose response curve was significantly (p less than 0.01) enhanced following short-term converting-enzyme inhibition. This increased sensitivity could not be explained by differences in AII increment with AII infusions, in basal aldosterone levels, or in blood pressure or basal AII response to converting-enzyme inhibition. Since they occurred whether captopril or enalapril (MK 421) were used, this phenomenon is likely to be a specific effect of converting-enzyme inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of supravalvular aortic stenosis on realistic three-dimensional left ventricular blood ejection.

The effect of supravalvular aortic stenosis on cardiac left ventricular ejection was determined from a realistic left ventricle (LV) model built from the profile of a diastolic dog LV. The ejection fraction was considered to be 75% of the diastolic volume. The maximum blood ejection velocities and ventricular pressure occurred at the start of the diastolic flow since the ventricular walls moved the fastest at this point. Going from a healthy non-stenotic LV to one with 64% stenosis increased the maximum ejection velocity from 117 cm/sec to 269 cm/sec, and the maximum relative pressure increased from 10,420 dynes/cm2 to 33,550 dynes/cm2 (7.82 to 25.16 mm Hg). The supravalvular stenotic aorta showed major flow disturbances as the degree of stenosis increased. The computational technique using a realistic model gives predictions in general agreement with observed experimental results, and allows a complex determination of the three-dimensional flow patterns.

Animals↗
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Blood-brain barrier function in cerebral malaria in Malawian children.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a serious complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Binding of parasitized erythrocytes to cerebral endothelium plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. Central nervous system signs and symptoms (coma, seizures, raised intracranial pressure) predominate in African children, whereas in adults, multiorgan system failure is more common. In this study we investigated whether changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure and function are compatible with the signs and symptoms observed in Malawian children with CM. Immunohistochemistry on autopsy brain tissues from eight cases of CM showed activation of endothelial cells and macrophages, and disruption of endothelial intercellular junctions in vessels containing sequestered parasitized erythrocytes, but no gross leakage of plasma proteins. Examination of the partition of albumin between circulating plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid from 72 cases of CM showed subtle but measurable changes compatible with impaired BBB function in malaria. These findings suggest that BBB breakdown occurs in areas of parasite sequestration in CM in African children.

Antigens, CD↗
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A group experience.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Charities↗
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Metabolic fate of the beta-blocker 14C-bupranolol in humans, dogs, and rhesus monkeys.

An oral dose of 14C-bupranolol hydrochloride was well absorbed by humans (100 mg), dogs (1 mg/kg), and rhesus monkeys (1 mg/kg). These species excreted 87.8 and 3.5%, 81.1 and 13.6%, and 92.9 ad 5.0% of the 14C-dose in urine and feces, respectively, mainly in 12 or 24 hr. Mean plasma levels of 14C, which appeared to be almost entirely associated with a single metabolite, peaked at 1 hr in humans (1.6 micrograms-equiv./ml) and dogs (1.6 micrograms-/ml) and at 2 hr in monkeys (0.8 micrograms-equiv./ml). Concentrations initially declined with similar half-lives (about 1.5 hr) in all three species. Biliary excretion of 14C occurred in the animal species in which also peak plasma 14C levels exceeded those in most tissues. Unchanged bupranolol was not detected in plasma; the peak plasma and urinary 14C was mainly associated (greater than 90% in humans) with a metabolite produced by oxidation of the aromatic ring methyl group of bupranolol to a carboxyl group.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coexistence of muscle anomalies and rheumatoid arthritis in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

During a five-year period, surgical release of the carpal tunnel was performed on 150 patients with median nerve compression. Seventeen (11%) had rheumatoid arthritis. Among this subgroup, six patients had anomalous muscles in the wrist and proximal palm. An additional patient with psoriatic arthritis demonstrated a comparable abnormality. No other patients in this series had similar findings. This statistically highly significant occurrence is probably related to additive effects of the two disorders in producing median nerve compression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transformation: nursing education and cultural diversity.

Teaching is the transformation of ideas and content into representations that are appropriate for particular students. The teacher moves from a personal understanding of an idea to its being comprehended by the students. Teachers change knowing into telling, and students change that telling into doing and caring.

Cultural Characteristics↗