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T Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to T Tashiro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

In-vitro and in-vivo activities of SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans.

The in-vitro and in-vivo activities of SCH56592, a triazole antifungal agent, against Cryptococcus neoformans were studied. MIC(90)s for 16 strains of C. neoformans measured by microdilution method (NCCLS M27-A) were 1 mg/L of SCH56592, 16 mg/L of fluconazole, 32 mg/L of flucytosine, and 0.5 mg/L of amphotericin B. In a murine model of pulmonary cryptococcosis, 10 mg/kg of SCH56592 was more effective than fluconazole. The fungal burden of the lung of animals treated with SCH56592 was significantly reduced (7.40 +/- 0.21 log(10) cfu/g), as compared with fluconazole (7.77 +/- 0.07 log(10) cfu/g) and control (7.79 +/- 0.1 log(10) cfu/g) (P < 0.01). For C. neoformans-infected mice following 7 days treatment with 10 mg/kg of SCH56592 there was a higher concentration in lung (3.36 +/- 0.62 ng/ml) than in plasma (2.16 +/- 0.86 ng/mL), and this was maintained for 12 h after administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of soybean oil emulsion and eicosapentaenoic acid on stress response and immune function after a severely stressful operation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of soybean oil emulsion and oral or enteral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on stress response, cytokine production, protein metabolism, and immune function after surgery for esophageal cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: It has been reported that safflower oil, rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA), affects the survival rate of septic animals and decreases the immune function. It has also been reported that the administration of fish oil, in contrast, reduces these stress responses and stress-induced immunosuppression. In humans, the effects of soybean oil emulsion and the administration of EPA on stress response and immune function after surgery have not been established. METHODS: Patients who underwent esophagectomy with thoracotomy were divided into three groups. Seven patients were fed by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with soybean oil emulsion, which accounted for 20% of total calories. Seven patients were given oral or enteral administration of 1.8 g/day EPA, in addition to TPN with soybean oil emulsion. Nine patients served as the control group; these patients received fat-free TPN. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, concanavalin A (con A)- or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and stress hormones were measured. RESULTS: The postoperative level of serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the group receiving soybean oil emulsion than in the fat-free group. Oral or enteral supplementation of EPA with soybean oil emulsion significantly reduced the level of serum IL-6 compared with the patients receiving soybean oil emulsion. Con A- or PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased significantly on postoperative day 7 in all groups of patients. The supplementation of EPA with soybean oil emulsion significantly improved the lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity on postoperative day 21 compared with the group receiving soybean oil emulsion. CONCLUSIONS: Soybean oil emulsion amplifies, and the supplementation of EPA reduces, the stress response and stress-induced immunosuppression.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid↗
PubMed1999

In vitro and in vivo activities of NS-718, a new lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus.

We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo potencies of a new lipid nanosphere that incorporates amphotericin B (AmB), NS-718, against Aspergillus fumigatus. The in vitro activity of NS-718 (the MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited [MIC90], 0.25 microgram/ml) against 18 isolates of A. fumigatus was similar to that of deoxycholate AmB (D-AmB; Fungizone; MIC90, 0.25 microgram/ml), but NS-718 was more potent than liposomal AmB (L-AmB; AmBi-some; MIC90, 1.0 microgram/ml). The in vivo efficacy of NS-718 in a rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was compared with those of D-AmB and L-AmB. A low dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of L-AmB was ineffective (survival rate, 0%), although equivalent doses of D-AmB and NS-718 were more effective (survival rate, 17%). However, a higher dose of NS-718 (3 mg/kg) was more effective (survival rate, 100%) than equivalent doses of D-AmB and L-AmB (survival rate, 0%). To explain these differences, pharmacokinetic studies showed higher concentrations of AmB in the plasma of rats treated with NS-718 than in the plasma of those treated with D-AmB. Our results suggest that NS-718, a new preparation of AmB, is a promising antifungal agent with activity against pulmonary aspergillosis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between PCR and detection of antigen in sera for diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis.

We evaluated the usefulness of PCR and antigen detection for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. Forty-four serum samples from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis (33 with pulmonary aspergilloma, 4 with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 4 with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and 3 with aspergillus pyothorax) were used in this study. PCR detection of Aspergillus DNA in serum samples was successful in 39 patients. Galactomannan antigen was detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 25 patients and by latex agglutination test in 13 patients. Detection of Aspergillus DNA in serum samples by nested PCR had the highest sensitivity of the three methods tested for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1999

Histamine H2 receptor antagonism by T-593: studies on cAMP generation in Hepa cells expressing histamine H2 receptor.

Histamine H2 receptor antagonism by T-593 was investigated in Hepa cells expressing canine histamine H2 receptors. T-593 inhibited generation of cAMP in Hepa cells stimulated by 10(-5) mol/l histamine with an IC50 value of 2.3 x 10(-6) mol/l, (S)-(-)-T-593, one of the enantiomers comprising racemic T-593, inhibited cAMP generation with an IC50 value of 6.1 x 10(-7) mol/l. On the other hand, the other enantiomer (R)-(+)-T-593 exhibited only a negligible effect. Incubation of the cell with (S)-(-)-T-593 for 60 min depressed the maximal response of the concentration-response curve of histamine with a nonparallel rightward shift. The slope of a Schild plot was 1.27. In contrast, (S)-(-)-T-593 caused a parallel rightward shift of the curve, with a Schild plot slope that did not significantly differ from unity, by treating the cells for 15 min. The H2 receptor-blocking action of (S)-(-)-T-593 remained almost unaffected after washing out the drug, whereas the effect of ranitidine was reversible after washing. These results suggest that T-593 possesses a time-dependent insurmountable antagonistic action against histamine H2 receptor. T-593 may interact with the histamine H2 receptor molecule in a slowly associable and dissociable manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Biophysical properties of stable microtubules in neurites revealed by optical techniques.

We tested the stability of microtubules in the neurites of cultured dorsal root ganglion cells by dissolving the cytoplasmic membrane with detergent and exposing them to defined extracellular medium under the microscope. Smooth cytoplasmic filaments visualized after membrane removal were suggested to be microtubules by the preservation of all of the filaments in the presence but not in the absence of taxol. They were further confirmed to be microtubules by immunostaining with anti-tubulin antibody. Significant number of microtubules in the established neurites remained longer than 1 hour after membrane removal. To investigate their stabilization mechanism, we transected the exposed microtubules by laser microbeam irradiation and observed their length changes with video-enhanced microscopy. Microtubule fragments started to shorten on both sides of the transection site, more rapidly from the newly generated plus ends than from the minus ends. The maximal rate as well as the pattern of shortening correlated with the time of transection; microtubules transected later than 30 min after membrane removal shortened at rates less than 20 microm/min and typically with intermittent pauses, while the more labile microtubules included in the earlier transections shortened continuously at higher rates. Microtubules in neurites were thus stabilized by (1) stopping disassembly at local sites including the plus ends, and (2) slowing disassembly along the length. Observations of the course of disassembly also suggested the presence of specialized points along microtubules which is involved in anchoring microtubules to the substratum or transiently stopping disassembly.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed early by polymerase chain reaction assay.

We compared the usefulness of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with the serodiagnosis of sufficient concentrations of galactomannan using the same serum samples. A patient was treated with prednisolone for the management of hepatitis. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed the nodular shadow with a cavity containing a clear fungus ball. DNA of Aspergillus spp. from a serum sample was detected and using the same serum sample, both latex agglutination and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of galactomannan were negative. PCR assay provides an early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis compared with ELISA of galactomannan.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of sandwich ELISA galactomannan test in samples of positive LA test and positive aspergillus antibody.

OBJECTIVE: The detection of circulating Aspergillus galactomannan antigen is a useful tool for serodiagnosis of aspergillosis. However, the latex agglutination test for the detection of galactomannan is not completely reliable due to it's low sensitivity. The sandwich ELISA was developed to achieve high sensitivity. MATERIALS: The sandwich immunocapture ELISA was evaluated by testing 56 sero-positive and 56 sero-negative samples of circulating galactomannan detected by LA test retrospectively. RESULTS: Sixty of the samples were positive for galactomannan as measured by sandwich ELISA. Fifteen samples out of 56 samples negative by LA test were positive by ELISA and 4 samples out of 56 samples positive by LA test were negative by ELISA. Among 47 serum samples positive for anti-Aspergillus antibody, 14 samples were positive by ELISA. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, galactomannan may be detected in more samples of by the new sandwich ELISA than by LA test.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1999

[The future of antifungal agents. Non azole antifungal agents].

We investigated the efficacy of non-azole antifungal agents. Long circulating immunoliposomal amphotericin B was potent in murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The concentration of AMPH-B was still high in the lung after 6 hours of 34A-PEG-liposomal AMPH-B. Lipid nanosphere amphotericin B (NS-718) showed efficacy against pulmonary aspergillosis in rats and pulmonary cryptococcosis in mice. The renal toxicity of NS-718 was estimated to be lower than that of AMPH-B from the results of the toxicity study in the rat infusion model. FK 463, a novel (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitor, showed efficacy against azole-resistant Candida albicans in murine experimental disseminated candidiasis. FK463 could be a promising drug and the therapy of choice for azole resistant C. albicans infection.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1999

[A case of invasive aspergillosis in an amyloidosis patient].

A sixty-four-year-old male patient was admitted on 13 April 1995 with diagnosis of old pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary aspergilloma. He developed a tarry stool and frequent loose motion in early November 1995. Histopathological findings of endoscopic biopsy from the duodenum and colon were suggestive of secondary amyloidosis. In spite of antibiotic and steroid pulse, he developed shock, and massive infiltration shadow appeared in chest X-ray. The patient died on 29 December 1995. The postmortem examination in the specimens of the lung, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen revealed hyphae of Aspergillus sp. and in the specimens of the lung, kidney, spleen, esophagus, adrenal gland, and thyroid revealed amyloid. He was finally diagnosed as invasive aspergillosis with secondary amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1999

[Resection and reconstruction of the great vessels for lung cancer and mediastinal tumor].

Between January 1994 and December 1997, 17 patients with lung cancer and 5 patients with mediastinal tumor underwent extensive resection and reconstruction of the great vessels. In patients with lung cancer, the aorta was resected under cardiopulmonary bypass in 4 patients, the superior vena cava in 12, and the left main pulmonary artery with combined resection of the left atrium in 1 and the aorta in 1. In five patients who underwent resection of the superior vena cava, subcarinal resection and reconstruction were also performed. Three patients died within 30 days after surgery. Six patients died of cancer between 3 months and 2 years after surgery. Two patients who underwent aortic resection for node negative lung cancer have survived more than 3 years after surgery. Six patients have survived between 6 months and 2 years after surgery. The histologic type of mediastinal tumor was thymic cancer in 3 patients, invasive thymoma in 1 and malignant lymphoma in 1. In patients who underwent resection of the superior vena cava for mediastinal tumor, bilateral brachiocephalic vein reconstruction was performed in 4 patients and the left brachiocephalic vein reconstruction in 1. One patient underwent resection of the right atrium. The patient with invasive thymoma has survived for more than 3 years. Two of 3 patients with thymic cancer died within 2 years. When complete resection is achieved with combined resection of the great vessels, survival may be anticipated in patients with N0 lung cancer or in those with invasive thymoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Itraconazole-induced hypokalemia in a patient with pulmonary aspergilloma].

An 80-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma. A new azole antifungal agent, D 0870, was administered to the patient for 7 days orally, and itraconazole (400 mg/day) was started on March 5, 1997. After 1 month of chemotherapy, facial and pretibial edema were observed and the patient's serum potassium concentration decreased to 2.5 mEq/l. A chest radiograph disclosed cardiomegaly with cardiac effusion and right pleural effusion on admission. The serum potassium concentration rose after the cessation of itraconazole therapy. The serum ITCZ concentration remained high for 2 weeks after admission. Although reports of hypopotassemia induced by ITCZ are rare, we concluded that blood concentrations should be monitored more carefully when treating pulmonary aspergilloma patients with high-dose regimens of ITCZ.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[The combination therapy of clarithromycin and sparfloxacin for pulmonary Mycobacterium gordonae infection].

Seventy years old woman had fever and hemosputum at May 1997. She was diagnosed as mycobacteriosis because of the positive acid fast bacilli smear from sputum. Mycobacterium gordonae was isolated from sputum, gastric juice, and bronchial aspirate. The combination therapy of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin was administrated; however, M. gordonae was not eradicated from sputum. Sparfloxacin was administered instead of isoniazid based on the result of drug susceptibility test. The smear became negative and M. gordonae was eradicated from sputum one month after the initiation of treatment with the combination of clarithromycin and sparfloxacin.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[A rare case of lung adenocarcinoma in cavity wall of pulmonary aspergilloma].

A 67-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of hemosputum. Chest X-ray films resulted in a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma, and treatment with intravenous amphotericin B was initiated. However, therapy was discontinued due to renal insufficiency, an adverse effect of amphotericin B. The size of the fungus ball and cavity increased despite treatment with oral itraconazole (200 mg/day). Cavernostomy was performed and the fungus ball was removed from the upper lobe of the left lung. Computed tomographic scans disclosed thickening of the remaining wall of the cavity, with destruction of the ribs. The patient experienced worsening respiratory distress and died. Necropsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the left lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[Intraarterial chemotherapy for uterine cervical adenocarcinoma: evaluation of its efficacy as neoadjuvant therapy].

We performed preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy in twenty cases of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma (stage Ib: 2, II: 15, III: 3) and evaluated the efficacy of this therapy. The dosages used were 75-120 mg of CDDP, 10-20 mg of MMC and 30-60 mg of EPIR. These drugs were administered by intraarterial one-shot infusion twice every three weeks. In five cases, complete response (CR) of the primary lesion was confirmed by histologic examination. There were no cases of CR inpatients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Stage reduction was achieved in all cases except three. In all but one case, more than 50% volume reduction was recognized on MR images. These results were not significantly different from those in cases of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma in which we performed this therapy. Therefore, we concluded that intraarterial chemotherapy is highly effective and should be carried out as neoadjuvant therapy for advanced uterine cervical adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

A method for the measurement of glucose oxidation using the constant infusion of stable isotope.

We developed a method to measure the oxidation of glucose using the primed constant infusion of [U-13C] glucose in critically ill patients fed by total parenteral nutrition. The results obtained from the isotopic method were compared to those from indirect calorimetry in the critically ill patients. A patient with esophageal carcinoma was used for the preliminary study. The study was performed on the third postoperative day, assuming severely stressed state. Priming doses of NaH13CO3 at a dosage of 0.32 mg/kg and D-[U-13C] glucose at a dosage of 0.32 mg/kg were injected. D-[U-13C] glucose was then infused at an infusion rate of 0.004 mg/kg/min. It was revealed that the time required for an isotopic plateau was approximately 45 min in plasma glucose and 120 min in an expired air in highly stressed state. Isotopic measurement and indirect calorimetry were performed simultaneously pre- and postoperatively on three patients who underwent surgery for esophageal carcinoma. Increased fat oxidation was obtained by the isotopic method, whereas indirect calorimetry indicated nonprotein RQ above 1.0. Isotopic measurement offered a useful information that cannot be obtained from indirect calorimetry concerning the energy metabolism in the critical illness. Thus our method for the measurement of glucose oxidation is both simple and useful in investigating the energy metabolism in critically ill patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1998

Adenosine A2A receptors modify motor function in MPTP-treated common marmosets.

Both adenosine A1 and A2 receptor populations are located in the striatum and can modify locomotor activity, and they may form a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Administration of the selective adenosine A2A antagonist (E)-1,3-diethyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-7-methyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-pu rine-2,6-dione (KW-6002) to MPTP-treated common marmosets increased locomotor activity. In contrast, administration of the selective A1 receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxantine (DPCPX) had no effect on locomotion. Administration of the adenosine A2A receptor agonist 2-[p-[2-(2-aminoethylamino) carbonylethyl] phenethyl amino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (APEC) dose dependently suppressed basal locomotor activity. A minimally effective dose of APEC (0.62 mg/kg, i.p) completely reversed the increase in locomotor activity produced by administration of KW-6002. The adenosine A2A receptor appears to be an important target for the treatment of basal ganglia disorders, particularly PD.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗