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Biomedical subjects

T Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to T Tashiro.

499 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased lipoprotein X causes hyperlipidemia during intravenous administration of 10% fat emulsion in man.

To clarify the mechanisms of hyperlipidemia during intravenous Intralipid 10%, lipoprotein profiles including lipoprotein X were studied in 13 patients receiving 2.0 g of fat per kilogram per day by Intralipid 10% over a period of 8 weeks. All patients were fed exclusively by total parenteral nutrition providing 1.1 g of amino acid and 30 kcal/kg per day. Intravenous administration of Intralipid 10% caused a marked increase of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), phospholipid, and cholesterol, especially free cholesterol, whereas triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein remained within the normal range. Lipid composition of LDL approximated that of lipoprotein X progressively with the intravenous Intralipid 10%. Quantification of lipoprotein X revealed that its increase was proportionate with that of LDL and total lipid. From these findings, hyperlipidemia during intravenous Intralipid 10% is induced almost exclusively by the increased lipoprotein X.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of intravenous omega-3 and omega-6 fat emulsion on cytokine production and delayed type hypersensitivity in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition.

BACKGROUND: The effects of fat emulsions containing omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fatty acid profile, cytokine production, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in burned rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were investigated. METHODS: A fat emulsion containing only eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was prepared (omega-3 fat emulsion). Sprague-Dawley rats were fed fat-free chow for 2 weeks and were divided into three groups according to the contents of TPN. Groups C (n = 11) and C' (n = 14) received fat-free TPN. Group omega6 received safflower oil emulsion containing linoleic acid (omega-6 PUFA) (n = 11). Group omega3 (n = 11) received safflower oil emulsion (19% of total caloric intake) and fat emulsion containing only EPA and DHA (1% of total calories). On day 5, all rats except for those in group C' were subjected to a 20% full-thickness burn. Group C' did not receive burns. After 48 hours, the rats were killed. RESULTS: The interleukin (IL)-8 concentration was significantly 45% lower in group omega3 than in group C (p < .05). The IL-10 concentration was significantly 15% lower in group omega3 than in group omega6 (p < .05). The IL-6 concentration was increased in group omega6 but not in group omega3 when compared with group C. The IL-6 and IL-8 were not detected in group C'. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations were increased by burn injury, but there were no significant differences among the burned groups. Cell-mediated immunity was thus significantly decreased in burned groups (groups C, omega6, and omega3; p < .01). However, the decrease of DTH was smaller in group omega3 and significantly greater when compared with groups C and omega6 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: omega-6 PUFAs increased serum inflammatory cytokine levels in a stressed state. omega-3 fat emulsion reduced IL-8 and IL-10 levels and prevented immunosuppression in burned rats that were receiving TPN.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of IGF-1 on protein metabolism in burned rats.

The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the catabolic and immune response induced by thermal injury were studied in burned rats fed by TPN. An increase of synthesis greater than the increase of breakdown resulted in improved nitrogen retention in the IGF-1 group. There was no effect on the mRNA in the structural proteins of the skeletal muscle and liver. However, the gene expression of albumin and the structural proteins of the diaphragm increased significantly in the rats receiving IGF-1. The proliferation of the gut mucosa and the fractional protein synthesis rate of the small intestine increased, and the endotoxin content of the liver and spleen were smaller in the burned rats that received IGF-1. Delayed type hypersensitivity increased significantly (p < .01) in the IGF-1 group. In conclusion, IGF-1 improved the whole-body protein metabolism, and albumin and respiratory muscle protein synthesis in the burned rats. It significantly promoted the proliferation of the intestinal mucosa, and reduced the intestinal translocation of endotoxin. Cellular immunity was also enhanced.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three cases of bronchial asthma after middle ages associated with pets.

Three cases of bronchial asthma after middle ages associated with pets were presented. Case 1 was a 39-year-old man who was admitted due to exacerbation of asthma after having fed a cat and a dog for 2 years. IgE-RAST was positive for cat fur and house dust. Inhalation test of cat hair antigen was positive. His symptoms improved by avoidance of the cat. Case 2 was 54-year-old woman suffering from asthma for 6 years after having fed a cat. IgE-RAST was positive for dog hair and cat fur. Symptoms did not improve by any treatment because she could not give up pets. Case 3 was a 45-year-old woman suffering from asthma attacks for two months. She had kept a dog for 1 year. IgE-RAST was positive for dog hair. Her symptoms disappeared by avoidance of the dog. Patients with pet allergy have increased in recent years because of the pet boom, but it is not so common to have asthma attacks in aged people. Bronchial asthma caused by allergens of pets easily improves by avoidance of them and it is important to establish early diagnosis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential sensitivity to mitomycin C between human RSa cell line and its derivative UVr-1.

To study cellular signaling factors responsible for the susceptibility of human cells to cell proliferation inhibition by anticancer drugs, human RSa cell line and its ultraviolet-resistant derivative UVr-1 were compared with respect to their sensitivity to the anti-proliferative effects of mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil, nimustine (ACNU), cisplatin, pirarubicin (THP), bleomycin, methotrexate and ifosfamide. RSa cells were found to be highly sensitive to MMC by MTT assay compared to UVr-1 cells. The half maximum inhibition concentration of MMC against proliferation of RSa cells was approximately 100 ng/ml while that of UVr-1 cells was greater than 1 microgram/ml. There was no significant difference observed between RSa and UVr-1 cells in the sensitivity to other seven drugs examined. Analysis by flow cytometry revealed that the cell cycle of RSa was completely blocked at the G2/M phase 40 h after treatment with MMC at a concentration of 100 ng/ml whereas a substantial proportion of UVr-1 cells was not arrested at that phase even in the presence of MMC. Further immunoblot analysis on MMC-induced signal transduction showed that the amounts of phosphorylated ERK MAP kinases were increased in UVr-1 cells to a greater extent than those in RSa cells after treatment with MMC for longer than 2 h. However, the increase in p21Cip1 was observed in RSa cells 1 h after addition of MMC but was not observed in UVr-1 cells. These distinct signaling pathways might account for the differences in sensitivity to MMC between RSa and UVr-1 cells.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticancer activities of orally administered menogaril against human stomach and breast cancers implanted in nude mice.

The therapeutic effects of orally administered menogaril, a semisynthetic analog of the anthracycline antibiotic nogalamycin, were studied on a panel of human stomach and breast cancer xenografts. The maximum tolerated dose (200 mg/kg) of menogaril was administered 3 times every 4 days and its growth-inhibitory effects on subcutaneously implanted tumors in nude mice were evaluated. Menogaril significantly retarded the growth of 3 out of 7 stomach cancers, SC-2, SC-9 and 4-1ST, and 3 out of 4 breast cancers, H-31, MC-2 and MX-1, with overall response rates of 43 and 75% for stomach and breast cancers, respectively. Some of these relatively responsive cancers were also treated by daily oral administration for 5 consecutive days, but the anticancer effects of the intermittent administration seemed to be better. These results suggest that menogaril may be effective against stomach and breast cancers when orally administered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous intralipid 10% vs. 20%, hyperlipidemia, and increase in lipoprotein X in humans.

To clarify the mechanisms of hyperlipidemia caused by infusion of Intralipid 10%, we compared lipoprotein metabolism during intravenous Intralipid 10% and Intralipid 20%, which contains only half the amount of egg yolk lecithin for the same content of triglyceride as Intralipid 10%. Ten patients receiving 20 ml.kg-1.day-1 of Intralipid 10% and 10 receiving 10 ml.kg-1.day-1 of Intralipid 20% were fed exclusively by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) providing 1.1 g amino acid and 30 kcal.kg-1.day-1 for 4-6 wk. Intravenous Intralipid 10% caused a marked increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), together with increases in phospholipid and cholesterol, especially free cholesterol. The progressive increase in lipoprotein X was in proportion with that of LDL or total lipid, whereas no increase in lipids, LDL, or lipoprotein X was observed during intravenous Intralipid 20%. A significant increase in apolipoproteins CIII and E with Intralipid 10% also caused a rise in lipoprotein X. With Intralipid 20%, however, the alterations in apolipoproteins were not observed. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was significantly elevated with Intralipid 10 but not 20%. Disappearance of lipoprotein X after cessation of Intralipid 10% was relatively rapid, and the half-life was 24-60 h. From these findings, the hyperlipidemia with Intralipid 10% was caused almost exclusively by the increase in lipoprotein X. The excess lecithin may be responsible for the formation of and increase in lipoprotein X. Furthermore, it was revealed that Intralipid 20% could be safely used without inducing hyperlipidemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modified application of intra-aortic balloon pump after repair of thoracic dissecting aneurysm.

We describe a patient who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without mechanical circulatory assistance because of severe cardiac failure after surgical repair of a dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta. Placement of an intra-aortic balloon in a conduit attached to the proximal aorta enabled the patient to recover from perioperative cardiac failure after all other measures had failed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decrease in the equilibrium constant for the binding of thyroxine to TBG in pregnant women.

The interaction between thyroxine (T4) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was examined in the serum of pregnant subjects and compared with that in normal serum. Serum T4, TBG capacity, and serum albumin concentrations were measured in serum from six normal and five pregnant subjects. The percent of free T4 (% free T4) was also measured by equilibrium dialysis against veronal buffer in which T4-binding by TBPA was completely abolished. Calculated values for the net equilibrium constant for the binding of T4 to TBG (KTBG) were significantly lower in serum from pregnant subjects (1.18 x 10(10) M-1) than in that from normal subjects (1.65 x 10(10) M-1). To assess the possibility that these findings were due to the presence of a dialyzable inhibitor of T4-binding in the serum from pregnant subjects, serum from normal subjects was dialyzed against that from pregnant subjects. In addition, serum from pregnant subjects was dialyzed against normal serum. KTBG was not altered after dialysis and no evidence of a dialyzable inhibitor of binding was found. The data suggest, therefore, that the TBG in the serum of pregnant women may have a lesser intrinsic affinity for T4 than that in normal serum.

Autoradiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iron acquisition by Cryptococcus neoformans.

Iron is an essential element for the growth and metabolism of microbial cells. Most pathogenic microbes elaborate powerful iron chelating agents (siderophores) to mobilize iron from ferric ligands. The pathogenic yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans has not been found to produce siderophores and its mechanism of iron acquisition is unknown. This investigation explored an alternative pathway for iron acquisition by examining the interactions of iron with the cell surface. Iron uptake experiments were conducted utilizing radiolabelled ferrous iron and ferric iron chelates, with evidence for the presence of iron(II) receptors and the generation of ferrous iron by surface reduction. Hyperbolic kinetics were found when 59FeII was presented to the organism and uptake was blocked with bathophenanthroline sulphonate, an Fe2+ chelator. The yeast also acquired iron as [59Fe3+]-citrate and [59Fe3+]-pyrophosphate while bathophenanthroline sulphonate reduced the acquisition of these ferric ligands by 48% and 52% respectively. Pre-incubation with either ferric ligand also reduced iron acquisition by 50%. KCN inhibited uptake of iron(II) by 90% and uptake of [59Fe3+]-pyrophosphate and [59Fe3+]-citrate by 46% and 56% respectively; dinitrophenol had no effect on these processes. The data suggest that C. neoformans can (i) generate ferrous iron at the cell surface via a reduction of ferric chelates, with the subsequent acquisition of the ferrous iron, and (ii) acquire iron through the interaction of ferric chelates with a surface component.

Citrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant human growth hormone and protein metabolism of burned rats and esophagectomized patients.

The effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on protein metabolism were investigated. In the experimental study, 31 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group received 200 mU/day of rhGH for 3 consecutive days, before and after being burned (GH group). The other group received no rhGH as a control. Cumulative nitrogen balance after being burned was significantly higher in the GH group, and the rates of whole-body protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were significantly higher in the GH group. An increase of synthesis greater than that of breakdown resulted in an improved nitrogen balance in the GH group. Protein content of the liver and the gastrocnemius muscle were also significantly greater in the GH group. In the clinical study, 13 patients receiving esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were studied. Six of them received 24 U/day of rhGH for 5 consecutive postoperative days (GH group). Cumulative nitrogen balance on postoperative days was significantly higher in the GH group than in the control group. On the 3rd postoperative day, the rate of whole-body protein synthesis was significantly greater in the GH group; those of turnover and breakdown also increased in the GH group. The arteriovenous difference of amino acid composition revealed that uptake of branched-chain amino acids into the leg muscles was significantly elevated and that release of phenylalanine and tyrosine from the muscles was significantly reduced in the GH group. Hepatic function was not affected by the administration of rhGH, and rhGH inhibited the rise of blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin after esophagectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alanine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial infarction induces expression of midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor with reparative activity.

We examined midkine (MK) expression in the rat heart upon experimental myocardial infarction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed, 6 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, strong MK immunoreactivity in myocytes and endothelial cells of a non-infarcted cardiac region. The myocytes of the infarcted cardiac region destined for death showed only a little immunoreactivity. Northern blot analysis suggested that the increased immunoreactivity was due to increased MK synthesis. The induced MK expression is likely to mimic the expression during embryogenesis: MK was strong lye-expressed in the myocytes of embryonic heart, and the expression decreased during embryogenesis.

Animals↗