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Biomedical subjects

T Tanimoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanimoto.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Ulinastatin reference standard (Control 941) of the National Insutitute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of ulinastatin was examined for preparation of the "Ulinastatin Reference standard". The candidate material was evaluated in collaboration with one domestic laboratory, and the potency of trypsin inhibiting activity was determined to be 3500 unit/vial. Other analytical data obtained were as follows: UV maximum absorption was observed at 276 nm, the molecular weight was estimated to be about 66000 +/- 5000 by gel filtration method. Maximum variance of material contents in 10 vials was 6.52% by means of the weight variation test in JP XII. Based on the above results, this raw material was authorized to be the first "Ulinastatin Reference Standard" of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Glycoproteins↗
PubMed1995

[Protamine sulfate reference standard (Control 941) of the National Institute of Health Sciences].

Three kinds of the candidate raw material for protamine sulfate was tested for preparation of the "Protamine Sulfate Reference Standard (Control 941)". The candidates were evaluated by physicochemical tests and anti-heparin tests. Analytical data were summarized in Table 1. Based on the above results, the best one having the highest anti-heparin activity was selected and authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Reference Standard (Control 941).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

[Requirement for quality control of enzyme preparations].

Enzyme preparations are medicine which prepared from natural and biotechnological enzymes or modified enzymes. The catalytic ability of the preparations display the efficacy of a medicine, and its chemical substance is protein. From these characteristics, the quality of enzyme preparations has to be evaluated at viewpoints what distinguish from synthetic drugs. Quality of enzyme preparations should be evaluated and assured from the following viewpoints: 1) definition of enzyme source, 2) identification of function for catalyst and substance as protein, 3) purity for functional enzyme protein, 4) biochemical evidence that justifies pharmacological action, 5) safety, and 6) contents.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1994

Determination of non-protein-bound iron in human synovial fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Non-protein-bound iron in human synovial fluid was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The procedure was based on the separation of the iron-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) complex formed directly on a chromatographic column containing an anion-exchange resin followed by electrochemical detection. The method enabled more than 0.1 microM Fe(III) to be determined with an injection volume of 10 microliters. A mixture of synovial fluid, 20 microM DTPA and acetate buffer was incubated in the presence and absence of superoxide (O2-) generated by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and was ultrafiltered through a 30,000 molecular mass cut-off filter. No iron was detected in the ultrafiltrate at physiological pH. However, the presence of iron was observed in the ultrafiltrate at low pH, and O2- facilitated the release of iron into the synovial fluid. This result suggested that in an inflamed joint with generated O2- and decreased pH, iron may be released into the synovial fluid.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

High levels of erythrocyte aldose reductase and diabetic retinopathy in NIDDM patients.

Erythrocyte aldose reductase was determined in 90 NIDDM patients by a two-site ELISA using recombinant human aldose reductase. The level of aldose reductase did not correlate with age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c of the patients. Among 38 patients with diabetes for more than 10 years, aldose reductase in those with retinopathy (including non-proliferative and proliferative) was significantly higher than in those without, while no difference in the means of the average HbA1c, maximum and minimum blood pressure levels was observed between the two groups. The results indicate that the level of aldose reductase in the erythrocyte of diabetic patients is associated with the presence of retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Multiplicity of dog kidney high-Km aldose reductase and conversion mechanism into aldose reductase.

1. High-Km aldose reductase purified from dog kidney inner medulla was easily converted into aldose reductase by incubation in the neutral buffer solution. 2. High-Km aldose reductase was found to be in multiple forms, and was separated into three kinds of species designated as a-, b- and c-forms by HPLC. 3. The a-form observed as a single peak by HPLC was assumed to be present in three forms (a1-, a2- and a3-forms), one was aldose reductase (a1-form) and the others were the precursors of aldose reductase (a2- and a3-form). 4. The b-form was rapidly converted into the a3-form, followed slowly by the a2-form and finally into the a1-form. 5. The c-form was either directly converted into the a1-form, or indirectly into the a2-form followed by the a1-form. 6. Four kinds of species (a2-, a3-, b- and c-forms) of high-Km aldose reductase were finally converted into aldose reductase (a1-form).

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1994

Disseminated cutaneous nodules revealing gastric carcinoma.

A 39-year-old Japanese male presented with multiple erythematous nodules on the head, face and trunk. Further investigations revealed a Borrmann type II gastric carcinoma and identified disseminated bone metastases. No other metastases of internal organs, including the liver and lungs, were clinically detected in this stage. This metastatic pattern is quite unusual.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ileal lymphoma in swine.

Eleven cases of alimentary lymphoma affecting the ileum were observed among 26 cases of swine lymphoma detected by meat inspection in Kochi, Japan. The ileal lymphomas were located in the Peyer's patches, along with early involvement of regional lymph nodes, and showed a characteristic pattern of follicular invasion leading to diffuse growth. Following the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation, 10 neoplasms were classified as diffuse, large, noncleaved cell lymphomas and one neoplasm was a diffuse, mixed, small to large cell lymphoma. Both types of lymphoma featured numerous intermingled "starry sky" histiocytes. The lymphoma cells tended to infiltrate into the muscular layer of the ileum in an "Indian file" pattern. Two cases also showed transserosal metastasis into the abdomen and leukemic change. The lymphoma cells showed membrane positivity for alkaline phosphatase and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Monoclonal intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were demonstrated in nine neoplasms (IgM-lambda in seven, IgG-lambda in one, and IgG-kappa in one). In the areas of follicular invasion, an attenuated network of follicular dendritic cells was visualized via an antiserum against the beta subunit of S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, strands of dilatated rough endoplasmic reticulum and scattered or clustered dense bodies were noted. When compared with feline and human alimentary lymphoma, including Burkitt's lymphoma, the present neoplasms possessed distinctive features, such as originating in Peyer's patches, transserosal metastasis, and predominantly large B cell type with IgM-lambda type immunoglobulin expression, although some features were similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Preparation of 6(1),6n-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-cyclomalto-octaoses.

Four positional isomers of 6(1),6n-di-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)- cyclomalto-octaose (n = 2-5) were prepared by reaction of cyclomalto-octaose (1, cG8) with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride in pyridine, and were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The regiochemical determination of those positional isomers was performed by comparison with authentic compounds, prepared from 6(1),6n-di-O-trityl-cG8s (n = 2-5).

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Chemical structures of hetero-oligosaccharides produced by Arthrobacter sp. K-1 beta-fructofuranosidase.

The structures of hetero-oligosaccharides obtained by the action of transglycosylation of Arthrobacter sp. K-1 beta-fructofuranosidase, using sucrose as the fructosyl donor, and several mono- and di-sacchrides as the acceptors were investigated. The main transfer products to most reducing mono- and di-sacchrides were non-reducing oligosaccharides with a fructosyl residue linked to a hemiacetal hydroxyl group. In the presence of L-sorbose, the enzyme produced 2-O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-L-sorbopyranoside as the major product. With D-galactose or L-arabinose, the enzyme produced not only non-reducing oligosaccharides, but also reducing oligosaccharides, which were identified as 3-O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-D-galactopyranose and 4-O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-L-arabinopyranose, respectively. When a non-reducing sugar such as methyl alpha-glucoside was used as an acceptor, the product formed had a fructosyl residue linked at the C6 hydroxyl group.

Arthrobacter↗
PubMed1994

Acceptor specificities of alpha-mannosidases from jack bean and almond, and transmannosylation of branched cyclodextrins.

Jack bean alpha-mannosidase had a wide acceptor specificity and could transfer mannosyl residues to various acceptors such as D-fructose, L-arabinose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose. The structures of the transferred products of branched cyclodextrins (CDs) (glucosyl-beta CD, maltosyl-alpha CD, and maltosyl-beta CD) were found to be alpha-D-mannosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1-->6)-beta CD, alpha-D-mannosyl- (1-->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1-->6)-alpha CD and alpha-D-mannosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl-(1--> 6)- beta CD, respectively. Almond alpha-mannosidase also produced the same transmannosylated products of branched CDs.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Galactosylation of cyclodextrins and branched cyclodextrins by alpha-galactosidases.

Transgalactosylated derivatives of cyclodextrins (CDs) and glucosyl and maltosyl CDs (G1- and G2-CDs) were synthesized by alpha-galactosidases from coffee bean and Mortierella vinacea (M. vinacea). The structures of the transfer products were analyzed by FAB-mass, 13C-NMR and methylation. Coffee bean alpha-galactosidase transferred a galactosyl residue not only to side chains of G1-CDs and G2-CDs, but also directly to CD rings. M. vinacea alpha-galactosidase transferred a galactosyl residue only to side chains of G2-CDs.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Primary splenic lymphoma in a horse.

A well-demarcated solitary splenic mass (20 x 20 x 15 cm in size) containing hemorrhagic and necrotic foci was observed in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred stallion. Histologically, the mass consisted of lymphoma cells of the diffuse large non-cleaved type, with a high mitotic index and scattered macrophages that formed a starry sky pattern. The lymphoma cells revealed diffuse positivity for acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, and were also positive for intracytoplasmic IgM on occasion, and mostly for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed moderately-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum sometimes with dilated cisternae. Thus, the diagnosis was a primary splenic lymphoma of B cell origin, but the exact reason for the absence of invasive growth or metastasis despite the high proliferative activity of this neoplasm was unclear.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Enzyme immunoassay for erythrocyte aldose reductase.

This two-site immunoassay measures erythrocyte aldose reductase by using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to recombinant human enzyme. Total incubation time is 2.5 h, and the limit of detection is < 0.05 microgram/L. Analytical recovery tested with blood samples from healthy and diabetic individuals was 101-106%. Average CVs within and between assays were 3.7% and 4.8%, respectively. The enzyme content determined by this system correlated well with the activity of aldose reductase isolated from the same erythrocyte preparations. The amount of erythrocyte aldose reductase per milligram of hemoglobin was higher in women than in men (P < 0.001), but no significant correlation was observed between the amount of enzyme and the age of the individuals. This assay method should provide useful clinical information to optimize administration of aldose reductase inhibitors for effective prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative determination of human aldose reductase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoassay of human aldose reductase.

An antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evaluating tissue levels of aldose reductase was developed using a polyclonal antibody prepared against the recombinant enzyme expressed in a baculovirus system. The specificity of this antibody to aldose reductase was verified by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and ELISA. The polyclonal antibody did not crossreact with human aldehyde reductase, an enzyme in the same aldo-keto reductase family structurally and functionally related to aldose reductase. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay method enabled direct determination of aldose reductase level in various human tissues including the erythrocyte. The highest level of aldose reductase was detected in the kidney medulla among tissues investigated. More than a 2-fold variability in the erythrocyte aldose reductase was demonstrated among healthy individuals, indicating the heterogeneity of this enzyme expression in a human population. This assay system may be useful for direct measurement of the level of tissue aldose reductase in conjunction with the evaluation of the efficacy of aldose reductase inhibitors prescribed for the treatment of diabetic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cytochrome P-450 55A1 (P-450dNIR) acts as nitric oxide reductase employing NADH as the direct electron donor.

Cytochrome P-450dNIR (P-450dNIR), involved in the fungal denitrification by Fusarium oxysporum, was purified to homogeneity. The cytochrome P-450 (P-450) exhibited a potent nitric oxide (NO) reductase activity to form nitrous oxide (N2O) employing NADH but not NADPH as the sole effective electron donor. The apparent maximum turnover rate against NO was estimated as high as 31,500 min-1. The stoichiometry of the reaction between NO:NADH:N2O was 2:1:1. The reaction required neither an artificial electron-carrying mediator nor other proteinaceous components. An anaerobic incubation of ferric P-450dNIR.NO complex, but not of free ferric P-450dNIR, resulted in rapid reduction of the P-450, indicating that P-450dNIR.NO complex was reduced directly by NADH. Spectral changes during catalytic turnover indicated that decomposition of the ferrous P-450.NO complex might be rate-limiting. The reaction was not inhibited by carbon monoxide at all, suggesting that the free ferrous P-450 is not formed during turnover. On the basis of these results a possible reaction mechanism was considered. The present results demonstrated not only the unique reaction catalyzed by P-450, but also the first P-450-dependent reaction where the electron transport from NAD(P)H to P-450 is not supported by other components. Now that the physiological function of P-450 55A1 (P-450dNIR) has been found, we propose to alter the trivial name to P-450nor.

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose↗