Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Taniguchi.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Levels of neurokinin A, neurokinin B and substance P in rabbit iris sphincter muscle.

We investigated the contents of neurokinin A, neurokinin B and substance P in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle, combining HPLC and radioimmunoassay, as our previous reports indicated that a slow component of neurogenic contractions of this muscle is most probably mediated by such tachykinins. The concentrations of these tachykinins were 44.3 +/- 8.7 fmol/mg protein, 35.3 +/- 10.2 fmol/mg protein and 186.8 +/- 29.8 fmol/mg protein (N = 4), respectively. These results demonstrated that neurokinin A, neurokinin B and substance P are all present in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Studies on motion sickness caused by high curve speed railway vehicles. Evaluation of the swing and its effects on passengers and conductors.

The high curve speed railway vehicles (HCSRVs) of the Japanese National Railway have been operating since 1973 with the aim of increasing speed on ordinary routes with many curve track sections. Although the aim of increased speed has been attained, it has been pointed out that the swing of HCSRVs is stronger than that of ordinary-type trains and it may increase motion sickness among the passengers and conductors. In this study, the authors examined motion sickness symptoms among 119 passengers and 100 conductors of both trains with a self-administered questionnaire, and evaluated the vibration acceleration on the floor by using the 1/3 Octave Band Analyzer and the Fast Fourier Transform method (FFT). The results can be summarized as follows: There were more passengers and conductors suffering from motion sickness riding on HCSRVs than those on the control trains. HCSRVs had the peak values of vibration acceleration within the range of 0.5 Hz and 1 Hz at horizontal, although the control train showed them above 1.0 Hz. These results suggest that the high rates of subjective complaints of passengers and conductors riding on HCSRVs were affected by vibration acceleration of frequency lower than 1 Hz.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1986

Effects of neurokinin A, substance P and electrical stimulation on the rabbit iris sphincter muscle.

A mammalian tachykinin, neurokinin A (NKA), and its analogs produced concentration-dependent contractions in the isolated rabbit iris sphincter muscle. Their potencies were slightly less than substance P (SP) but the maximal efficacies were much the same as seen with SP, except that the times required for the development of the contraction and for the recovery to the original level after washout were more rapid than in the case of SP. Although preceding exposure to SP reduced the subsequent responses to SP, NKA, carbachol, electrical stimulation and capsaicin, the exposure to NKA resulted in no such desensitization in the subsequent responses. Also, no reduction in the responses to NKA, SP and carbachol was observed in the preparations which had been exposed to capsaicin beforehand. The contractile responses to NKA and its analogs were more effectively inhibited by [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]-SP than was the response to SP. [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-SP also inhibited the responses to NKA and its analogs but had no effect on the response to SP. Both SP-antagonists inhibited the noncholinergic, nonadrenergic contractile response to electrical transmural stimulation. These results indicate that NKA and its analogs are potent contractile tachykinins in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle and that the mode of action differs somewhat from that seen with SP. We propose that noncholinergic, nonadrenergic contraction induced by electrical transmural stimulation is mediated predominantly by NKA rather than by SP, even though both these compounds are released concomitantly from the trigeminal nerve.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical characterization of alpha-adrenergic receptors in human brain and changes in Alzheimer-type dementia.

Using ligand binding techniques, we studied alpha-adrenergic receptors in brains obtained at autopsy from seven histologically normal controls and seven patients with histopathologically verified Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). Binding of the alpha-adrenergic antagonists [3H]prazosin and [3H]yohimbine to membranes of human brains exhibited characteristics compatible with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. Binding of both ligands was saturable and reversible, with dissociation constants of 0.15 nM for [3H]prazosin and 5.5 nM for [3H]yohimbine. [3H]Prazosin binding was highest in the hippocampus and frontal cortex and lowest in the caudate and putamen in the control brains. [3H]Yohimbine binding was highest in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) and frontal cortex and lowest in the caudate and cerebellar hemisphere in the control brains. Compared with values for the controls, [3H]prazosin binding sites were significantly reduced in number in the hippocampus and cerebellar hemisphere, and [3H]yohimbine binding sites were significantly reduced in number in the NbM in the ATD brains. These results suggest that alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors are present in the human brain and that there are significant changes in numbers of both receptors in selected regions in patients with ATD.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate: review of 23 cases].

Between June, 1982 and May, 1985, 37 patients underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the prostate, 23 patients as an independent procedure. Of these 23 patients 7 had pelvic node metastasis. Node involvement occurred in 60% with clinical stage C tumors. Correlation with tumor grade revealed nodal metastasis in none of the latients with well differentiated tumors, 33.3% of those with moderately differentiated lesions, and 75% of those with poorly differentiated tumors. Metastatic disease most commonly involved the obturator-hypogastric lymphnodes (85.7%). Of the 23 patients, 14 underwent conventional node dissection, and 9 limited node dissection. Complications of lymphocele, lymphfistula, penoscrotal edema and lower extremity edema occurred mostly in patients with conventional node dissection. Limited staging pelvic node dissection provides information similar to that identified after more extensive dissection and can be accomplished with little morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Therapeutic experiences of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer, with special reference to adjuvant chemotherapy in invasive urothelial cancer].

The combination chemotherapy including cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), adriamycin (ADM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is reported as one of the most effective regimens of urothelial cancer. We experienced one patient who had multiple metastatic urothelial cancer in the lung, liver and brain and who showed complete response, even in short duration, by this regimen. Since then, we have been using this regimen as the adjuvant chemotherapy of the invasive urothelial cancer. This regimen consists of 15 mg/m2 CDDP on days 1 to 5, 30 mg/m2 ADM on day 1 and 300 mg/m2 5-FU on days 1 to 5, and is repeated 3 times for 3 to 4 weeks. If toxicity is intolerable, the dosage of CDDP and ADM was decreased in thirty percent. As the maintenance, tegaful was administrated oral or suppository for 1 to 2 years. Seven cases which were followed for at least 12 months were evaluated. In one patient, local recurrence appeared after 16 months, but the other patients were disease free. General malaise, nausea, vomiting and alopecia were recognized in all patients in various degrees, but severe myelosuppression did not appear. Because of the toxicity, three patients had to have reduced dosage. In the adjuvant chemotherapy the most effective regimen should be used in the first therapy to eradicate the micrometastasis. At present, the combination chemotherapy of CDDP and ADM is the most effective for urothelial cancer as reported by many authors. Although the number of patients and the duration of follow up are inadequate to evaluate this adjuvant chemotherapy, we believe that this regimen is effective since invasive urothelial cancer usually recurs within 2 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations in the Department of Urology, Toyooka Public Hospital (from January 1982 to December 1985)].

Statistical observations on inpatients and operations in our department from 1982 to 1985 were reviewed in comparison with the statistics for the preceeding three years. More elderly persons comprised the inpatients at our hospital than at other facilities. Urogenital tumors and urolithiasis were the predominant disease of the inpatients, as they were in the preceeding three years. Number of prostatic cancer has remarkably increased. Transurethral operations, TUR-P and TUR-Bt, were the most representative. Operations for the malignant disease, especially for prostatic cancer, were more frequent in this period than in the preceeding three years. As to urinary diversion, ileal conduit was the main procedure used during this four years. Kock continent ileal reservoir was adopted in 1985. In July 1985, open operations for urolithiasis were dramatically replaced by percutaneous and transurethral procedures.

Female↗
PubMed1985

The binding of 3H-acetylcholine to cholinergic receptors in bovine cerebral arteries.

Cholinergic receptor sites in bovine cerebral arteries were analyzed using radioligand binding techniques with the cholinergic agonist, 3H-acetylcholine (ACh), as the ligand. Specific binding of 3H-ACh to membrane preparations of bovine cerebral arteries was saturable, of two binding sites, with dissociation constant (KD) values of 0.32 and 23.7 nM, and maximum binding capacity (Bmax) values of 67 and 252 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Specific binding of 3H-ACh was displaced effectively by muscarinic cholinergic agents and less effectively by nicotinic cholinergic agents. IC50 values of cholinergic drugs for 3H-ACh binding were as follows: atropine, 38.5 nM; ACh, 59.8 nM; oxotremorine, 293 nM; scopolamine 474 nM; carbamylcholine, 990 nM. IC50 values of nicotinic cholinergic agents such as nicotine, cytisine and alpha-bungarotoxin exceeded 50 microM. Choline acetyltransferase activity was 1.09 nmol/mg protein/hour in the cerebral arteries. These findings suggest that the cholinergic nerves innervate the bovine cerebral arteries and that there are at least two classes of ACh binding sites of different affinities on muscarinic receptors in these arteries.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

Carbohydrates of lysosomal enzymes secreted by Tetrahymena pyriformis.

The carbohydrate structures of acid phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase secreted into culture medium by Tetrahymena pyriformis strain W were studied. Their asparagine-linked sugar chains were quantitatively liberated as radioactive oligosaccharides from their polypeptide moieties by controlled hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. The approximate amounts of total sugar chains liberated from 1 mol each of acid phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase were 6 and 4 mol, respectively. Paper electrophoresis revealed that only neutral oligosaccharides were obtained from both enzymes. The oligosaccharide fraction from acid phosphatase was separated into seven components by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography while that from alpha-glucosidase was resolved into three components. The structures of these oligosaccharides were determined by sequential glycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. The sugar chains of the two enzymes can be primarily classified as high mannose-type oligosaccharides. However, they have the following characteristic features: 1) their common core is not the usual Man5 . GlcNAc2 structure, it is Man3 . GlcNAc2; 2) some of the sugar chains of acid phosphatase have 1 approximately 3 glucose residues linked to the nonreducing terminal Man alpha 1----2 residue. The structural characteristics of the sugar moieties of the two enzymes indicate that they might be produced by the so-called "alternate pathway," in which lipid-linked Glc3 . Man5 . GlcNAc2 functions as an oligosaccharide donor.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Structures of the sugar chains of rabbit immunoglobulin G: occurrence of asparagine-linked sugar chains in Fab fragment.

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and its Fc and Fab fragments were quantitatively liberated from the polypeptide portions by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. After fractionation by paper electrophoresis, lectin chromatography, and gel filtration, their structures were studied by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. Rabbit IgG was shown to contain 2.3 mol of asparagine-linked sugar chains per molecule distributed in both the Fc and Fab fragments. The sugar chains were of the biantennary complex type containing four cores: Man alpha 1----6(Man alpha 1----3)(+/- GlcNAc beta 1----4)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)-GlcNAc. A total of 16 distinct neutral oligosaccharide structures was found after sialidase treatment. The galactose residue in the monogalactosylated oligosaccharides was present on either the alpha 1----3 or alpha 1----6 side of the trimannosyl core. The Fab fragments contained neutral, monosialylated, and disialylated oligosaccharides, whereas the Fc fragment contained only neutral and monosialylated structures. The oligosaccharides isolated from the Fab fragments also contained more galactose and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residues than those from the Fc fragments.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Expression of the pX gene of HTLV-I: general splicing mechanism in the HTLV family.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is an etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia. A viral gene pX encodes for p40X and it has been proposed that this protein trans-activates the viral long terminal repeat and possibly some cellular genes; this activation may be associated with T-cell transformation. The mechanism of pX gene expression and the primary structure of p40X are now reported. Two-step splicing generates the 2.1-kilobase pX mRNA; the initiator methionine for env becomes part of the pX protein. These splicing signals are conserved among all members of the HTLV family except for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated viruses.

Animals↗