Truncation artifact in dynamic MR imaging for small adrenal mass.
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Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
T Tanahashi
Publications and source records attributed to T Tanahashi.
[Effects of intravitreal levofloxacin on the rabbit retina].
Effects of intravitreal injection of levofloxacin (LVFX) on the electroretinogram (ERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), and retinal histology were studied in 23 albino and 23 pigmented rabbits to establish the non-toxic intravitreal dosage of LVFX. Doses of 200, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 micrograms of LVFX were injected intravitreally. The ERG and VEP were recorded before injection, and 3 hours, 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after injection. The oscillatory potential transiently deteriorated with 1,000 and 2,000 micrograms doses of LVFX in albino and pigmented rabbits. No ERG changes were observed with 200 and 500 micrograms doses. No abnormal changes were observed in the VEP or retinal histology with any doses of LVFX. These results indicate that intravitreal injections of 200 and 500 micrograms of LVFX are nontoxic to the rabbit retina.
Animals↗
FGF-1 is a heparin-independent mitogen for rat hepatocytes.
We have found that in the primary culture of rat hepatocytes, the potent mitogenic activity of native FGF-1 is independent of heparin. The well-established characteristic of FGF-1 as a heparin-dependent mitogen is confirmed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells using the same preparation of FGF-1. Cross-linking experiments reveal that binding of FGF-1 to the hepatocyte cell surface receptors can be accomplished in the absence of exogenous heparin, in contrast to human endothelial cells for which it remains as a limiting factor. For both cell types, however, it is demonstrated that either endogenous or exogenous heparan sulfate/heparin moieties are essential for FGF-1 to establish receptor binding and mitogen action. Thus, the results suggest that hepatocytes harbor cell surface heparan sulfate moieties that are fully capable of utilizing FGF-1 in the environment. These results raise the possibility that FGF-1 is of differential potency for different cell types according to the nature and/or quantity of cell surface heparan sulfate moieties in vivo.
Animals↗
Effects of norfloxacin on the retina in rabbits.
BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolones have a strong affinity with melanin, and their ocular effects have been reevaluated. Norfloxacin, one of the fluoroquinolones, has broad-spectrum activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We examined the retinal toxicity and intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal norfloxacin in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-three albino and 23 pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups to evaluate retinal toxicity and two groups to investigate the intraocular pharmacokinetics. Each of these five groups was further divided into two subgroups (albino rabbits and pigmented rabbits). RESULTS: With 500 micrograms norfloxacin, the oscillatory potential of the electroretinogram was transiently and selectively deteriorated in albino and pigmented rabbits, whereas the electroretinogram remained unchanged with 50 micrograms in pigmented rabbits. No changes were observed in the visual evoked potential or on histology of the retina 7 days after an intravitreal injection of 50 or 500 micrograms norfloxacin. The electroretinogram and the retinal histology became abnormal 7 days after four intravitreal injections of 500 micrograms norfloxacin at 7-day intervals. As regards the intraocular pharmacokinetics after an intravitreal injection, the norfloxacin concentration in the chorioretina was as high as that in the vitreous 3 h after injection and was much higher than that in the vitreous 7 days after injection. Similar results were obtained after multiple injections. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a high concentration of norfloxacin in the melanin-containing ocular tissues.
Animals↗
Enhancement of gamma-actin protein during liver regeneration: its accumulation in a region adjacent to the hepatocyte plasma membrane.
We identified a protein with a molecular weight of about 44 kDa in an extract of rat regenerating liver. This protein was undetectable in normal, sham-operated, and completely regenerated liver. We also purified this 44-kDa protein from an extract of rat liver remnant after partial hepatectomy. The partial amino acid sequences of the purified protein were identical to those of gamma-actin in non-muscle cells. In addition, anti-pan actin antibody recognized the purified 44-kDa protein, whereas anti-muscle actin and anti-beta-actin antibodies did not. Thus, we concluded that the 44-kDa protein was non-muscle gamma-actin. An immunohistochemical study revealed that the non-muscle gamma-actin accumulated next to the plasma membrane of liver parenchymal cells during regeneration. Moreover, the gamma-actin level was augmented in primary cultured rat hepatocytes prior to DNA synthesis. Intracellular gamma-actin in cultured hepatocytes was distributed across the entire basal plane after stimulation with hepatocyte mitogens. This change in the distribution of gamma-actin correlated with the cell spreading that occurred during the G1/S phase transition. These findings indicated that gamma-actin plays specific roles in the growth of liver parenchymal cells during liver regeneration.
Actins↗
Cell cycle-dependent nuclear localization of exogenously added fibroblast growth factor-1 in BALB/c 3T3 and human vascular endothelial cells.
Previous studies have shown that the presence of a functional nuclear targeting sequence in the primary structure of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 correlates with its activity as a mitogen, but not with its potential for inducing receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting the presence of a yet undefined function of FGF-1 as a nuclear protein. In the present study we have investigated the cytosolic and nuclear localization of exogenously added FGF-1. FGF-1-specific monoclonal antibodies were raised. By an extensive screening, highly specific antibody clones were isolated. For both BALB/c 3T3 and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells, immunofluorescence studies performed with those clones delineated that during G1 stage of cell cycle, FGF-1 transits from cytosol to nucleus. This was followed by a shift to the perinuclear and juxtanuclear region just prior to the onset of S-phase in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Confocal microscopical examinations confirmed that the nuclear staining resides throughout the nuclear matrix with some enrichment at the envelope boundary and in the nucleoli. Immunoblot analysis of the fractionated BALB/c 3T3 cells that had been induced to proliferate by serum and pulsed with exogenous FGF-1 at various timings revealed that the incorporation of exogenous FGF-1 into cytosol took place constantly, whereas the nuclear translocation significantly increased after 5 h following stimulation of the quiescent cells. The cytosolic form of FGF-1 is indicated to be present in soluble cytosolic fraction rather than membrane-enveloped compartments, endosomes, by the microinjection of anti FGF-1 antibody to HUVE cells cultured in the presence of FGF-1. The data demonstrate that the exogenously added FGF-1 is constantly endocytosed and fractioned into the cytosol soluble compartment, whereas its nuclear localization is regulated at the nuclear translocation level and takes place preferably at late G1 phase of the cell cycle.
3T3 Cells↗
Retinal toxicity and ocular kinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil in rabbits.
The intraocular penetration of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU), a new antiviral drug, after oral administration, the effects of non-toxic intravitreal doses of BV-araU, and the intraocular kinetics of BV-araU after intraocular injection were studied in rabbits. The intravitreal penetration of BV-araU after oral administration was very poor: 0.11 +/- 0.13 micrograms/ml and 0.20 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml respectively in albino and pigmented rabbits 2 h after 30 mg/kg. An intravitreal injection of 200 micrograms BV-araU caused transient electroretinographic (ERG) changes, whereas a 100-micrograms injection and intravitreal irrigation with 20 micrograms/ml BV-araU caused no ERG and histologic changes over the 4-week follow-up period. The half-life of the intravitreal concentration of BV-araU after an intravitreal injection was short (2.4 h). The results suggest that an intravitreal injection of 100 micrograms BV-araU or an intravitreal irrigating solution containing 20 micrograms/ml BV-araU is non-toxic to the retina and may be used for treatment of retinitis caused by varicella-zoster virus or herpes simplex virus type 1.
Administration, Oral↗
Nontoxic intravitreal dose of ofloxacin for rabbit retina.
We studied the nontoxic intravitreal concentration of ofloxacin, a new quinolone antibacterial agent, by evaluating its effects on in vitro and in vivo electroretinograms (ERGs) in albino and pigmented rabbits. After perfusion with a 36 micrograms/ml solution of ofloxacin, the in vitro ERG remained unchanged. The in vivo ERG and the visually evoked potential remained unchanged 4 weeks after vitrectomy with 50 micrograms/ml ofloxacin, and the retina was within normal limits both ophthalmoscopically and histologically. Therefore, the retinal toxicity of ofloxacin is low and within safe limits at clinical dosage.
Animals↗
[Intraocular penetration of oral levofloxacin in rabbits].
The intraocular penetration of levofloxacin was studied in albino and pigmented rabbits after oral administration of 14C-levofloxacin at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The radioactivity of the eyeball of albino rabbits in the autoradiogram was much higher at 1 hr than at 2 or 6 hr after administration. On the other hand, the distribution of radioactivity in pigmented rabbits was similar at 1, 2, and 6 hr after administration. The radioactivity levels in melanin-containing tissues such as the iris-ciliary body and the choroid-retina were significantly higher in pigmented rabbits than in albino rabbits 2 hr after oral administration. The radioactivity levels in the ocular tissues without melanin except for the cornea were similar in albino and pigmented rabbits. These results indicate that the intraocular pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin are markedly affected by its affinity for melanin.
Administration, Oral↗
Intravitreal flomoxef sodium in rabbits.
We studied the intraocular concentration of flomoxef sodium in nonvitrectomized and vitrectomized eyes of albino rabbits after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg flomoxef sodium. The concentration of flomoxef sodium in the vitreous body was undetectable (< 0.1 micrograms/ml) in nonvitrectomized eyes. Retinal toxicity of flomoxef sodium was investigated with ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography (ERG) and light microscopy after intravitreal injection of 200, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 micrograms flomoxef sodium in albino and pigmented rabbits. No ERG changes were induced with 200 micrograms. Other higher doses caused transient ERG changes. After the 200-micrograms injection, the intravitreal concentration decreased exponentially, the half-life being 4.4 h. The antibacterial activity, broad coverage and low intravitreal toxicity of flomoxef sodium suggest that this compound may be used to treat bacterial endophthalmitis.
Animals↗
Combination of patch test and IgE for dust mite antigens differentiates 130 patients with atopic dermatitis into four groups.
BACKGROUND: Patients with atopic dermatitis sometimes have positive responses to patch testing (PT) with dust mite antigens, which is believed to correlate with the elevated levels of specific IgE for those antigens. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between the PT and serum IgE concerning the mite antigens. METHODS: We studied 130 patients with atopic dermatitis by the PT reaction and the serum level of specific IgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigens. RESULTS: Fifty-one of the 130 patients assessed as PT-positive had either high (32 of 130 patients; 24.6%) or low or no (19 of 130 patients; 14.6%) levels of mite-specific IgE; there was a significant difference between the groups with elevated and low IgE. Similarly, a total of 79 PT-negative patients also showed an elevated or low mite-specific IgE (42 of 130 patients [32.3%] or 37 of 130 patients [28.5%], respectively). It was noted that clinical morphologic findings were peculiar to three of the four groups; however, the patients who were PT-negative with a low IgE (37 of 130 patients) showed no particular clinical lesions. CONCLUSION: Comparing the results from our 130 patients, there was no correlation between the serum IgE level and the PT reaction for dust mite antigens. Conversely, the results of PT and mite-specific IgE could be used to divide these patients into four distinct groups, each with its own particular clinical morphology, suggesting the heterogeneity of this disease.
Adolescent↗
Jasamplexosides A, B and C: Novel Dimeric and Trimeric Secoiridoid Glucosides from Jasminum amplexicaule.
Three new secoiridoid glucosides, jasamplexosides A, B and C, were isolated from the crude drug "Niu du teng", the leaves and stems of JASMINUM AMPLEXICAULE, together with the known secoiridoid glucosides, 10-hydroxyligstroside and jasminoside. Their structural elucidation by spectroscopic studies is described.
Journal Article↗
Intraocular kinetics of ceftazidime (Modacin).
The concentration of ceftazidime was determined in the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of normal, vitrectomized and aphakic/vitrectomized eyes and in the serum of albino rabbits 1 h after intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg ceftazidime. The intravitreal ceftazidime concentration was low (0.1-0.2 microgram/ml) in normal eyes 1 h after intravenous injection, and high (8.7 +/- 8.5 micrograms/ml) in vitrectomized and aphakic/vitrectomized eyes when injected immediately after surgery. The ceftazidime concentration was also determined in the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of normal eyes and in the serum of albino rabbits 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after intravitreal injection of 200 micrograms. The intravitreal ceftazidime concentration after intravitreal injection decreased exponentially for 12 h (half-life about 7.4 h). It decreased more slowly thereafter and remained at 13.0 micrograms/ml (mean) even 48 h after injection. This concentration exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations against common gram-positive and gram-negative organisms causing endophthalmitis.
Animals↗
[Prophylactic intravesical instillation therapy in patients with superficial bladder cancer--results of a randomized prospective study].
A randomized prospective study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the efficacy of intravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancers. Eligible patients were randomized into three groups: 1) adriamycin (ADM) group; intravesical instillation with 50 mg of ADM dissolved in 100 ml physiological saline, 2) mitomycin C (MMC) group; intravesical instillation with 30 mg of MMC dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, 3) control group; transurethral resection or transurethral coagulation only. The characteristic features of our protocol consisted of frequent (six times) instillations of the drugs within two weeks after transurethral resection, followed by instillations on two consecutive days at four-week intervals for two years. Furthermore, large quantities (100 ml) of instillation fluid containing relatively low concentrations of the drugs (500 micrograms/ml for ADM or 300 micrograms/ml for MMC) were employed. One hundred and forty-four patients have been submitted to the study; 110 patients were fully evaluable for recurrence and 34 patients were eliminated as non-evaluable patients. The cumulative five-year non-recurrence rates of the patients with multiple tumors were 32% in the MMC group, 25% in the ADM group and 7% in the control group. The cumulative non-recurrence rates of the ADM and MMC groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. It is considered that this instillation therapy with ADM and MMC is useful for preventing the recurrence of superficial bladder cancers.
Administration, Intravesical↗
Effect of intravitreal injection of norfloxacin on the retina in pigmented rabbits.
The effect of an intravitreal injection of norfloxacin on the retina was evaluated by in-vivo electroretinogram (ERG) and histological examination in pigmented rabbits. The intraocular pharmacokinetics after an intravitreal injection of norfloxacin were also investigated. An intravitreal injection of 50 micrograms norfloxacin produced no significant change in the ERG. An injection of 500 micrograms norfloxacin decreased the amplitude of the oscillatory potentials, and delayed their peak latencies 3 hours after the injection, but these changes recovered within 7 days. A marked suppression of the c-wave was noted in one pigmented rabbit. Neither 50 micrograms nor 500 micrograms norfloxacin caused any apparent changes in the visual evoked potential and in the retinal histology 7 days after the injection. The intraocular pharmacokinetic study showed that the concentration of norfloxacin in the choroid-retina was almost the same level as that in the vitreous body 3 hours after the injection. However, the former was higher than the latter 7 days after the injection, suggesting the persistency of norfloxacin in the choroid-retina. An intravitreal injection of 50 micrograms norfloxacin could be used without retinal toxicity. A high dose-intravitreal use of norfloxacin needs careful attention with respects to its persistency in the pigmented ocular tissues.
Animals↗
Intraocular penetration and effect on the retina of fluconazole.
The intraocular concentration of fluconazole was measured in nonvitrectomized and vitrectomized eyes after an intravenous administration of 5 or 25 mg/kg fluconazole in albino rabbits. Respective fluconazole concentrations in the aqueous, vitreous and serum 1 hour after administration were 2.87, 1.72 and 4.60 micrograms/ml at 5 mg/kg administration, and 14.93, 7.05 and 20.63 micrograms/ml at 25 mg/kg administration, indicating high and dose-dependent intraocular penetration of fluconazole. Intraocular penetration of intravenously administered fluconazole was moderately, not very much, enhanced by vitrectomy. The in-vitro electroretinogram (ERG) remained unchanged after perfusion with 20 micrograms/ml of fluconazole. The in-vivo ERG and the visual evoked potential was unchanged after the daily administration of 25 mg/kg fluconazole for 8 days. The toxicity of fluconazole on the retina would be low and within safety limits so far as it is used at clinical dosage. Fluconazole may have a place in the treatment of fungal ocular infections.
Animals↗
Endothelin-1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
The effect of endothelin (ET)-1 on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was examined. Cellular morphology and lipoprotein lipase activity were used as differentiation markers. ET-1 inhibited the hormone-induced adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes morphologically and biochemically in a dose-dependent manner. These findings promote ET-1 as a potent inhibitor of adipogenic differentiation, playing an important role in cellular differentiation of preadipocytes and making it a significant regulator of lipid metabolism.
Adipose Tissue↗
Bronchospasm-induced massive lung collapse during thoracotomy.
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Journal Article↗