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Biomedical subjects

T Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanabe.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Campylobacter enteritis in childhood.

Bacteriological examinations of faecal samples, obtained from 321 infants and children with acute enteritis, were carried out in the pediatric clinic of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan from January 1983 to December 1985. Campylobacter jejuni were isolated in 48 infants and children (15%), while Salmonella species in 6 (1.9%), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 11 (3.4%). Of 48 infants and children with Campylobacter enteritis (C. enteritis), 20 cases (42%) were under 2 years old, 17 (35%) from 2 to 6 years old, 8 (17%) from 7 to 12 years old, and 3 (6%) above 13 years old, suggesting the higher incidence in the younger infants and children. There were 30 males and 18 females, male:female ratio of 5:3. No seasonal variations in the frequency of C. enteritis were noticed. Major symptoms were diarrhea (94%), fever (50%), bleeding in stools (44%), abdominal pain (31%), and vomiting (10%). All strains of C. jejuni were highly sensitive to gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, erythromycin, josamycin, and chloramphenicol. We also report two typically mild cases of C. enteritis, a newborn infant with monosymptomatic bleeding in stools and diarrhea, and another 11-month-old, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome infant with asymptomatic bloody stools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Primary structure of the biotin-binding site of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Limited proteolysis of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by staphylococcal serine proteinase yielded a fragment of 31 kDa which contained the biotinyl active site. This polypeptide was purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and characterized. The complete amino acid sequence of this polypeptide has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to the chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA. A highly conserved sequence of Met-Lys-Met was found in the biotin-binding site. Appreciable homology was observed among the sequences in close vicinity of the biotin sites of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and other biotin-dependent carboxylases including biotin carboxyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1987

Degradation kinetics and mechanisms of a new cephalosporin, cefixime, in aqueous solution.

Hydrolysis of cefixime in buffer solutions (pH 1-9) at 25 degrees C and a constant ionic strength of 0.3 was investigated using ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC. Hydrolysis rates followed pseudo first-order kinetics; the rate of hydrolysis of cefixime was very slow at pH 4-7, slightly faster at lower pH, and quite rapid at higher pH. In the early stages of hydrolysis, six major degradation products were isolated and identified: a beta-lactam ring-opened product and a 7-epimer (basic conditions), three lactones derived from intramolecular cyclization between the 2-carboxyl and 3-vinyl groups (acidic conditions), and an aldehyde derivative involving a 7-acyl moiety (neutral conditions). Principal degradation pathways for cefixime were found to involve initial cleavage of the beta-lactam ring.

Cefixime↗
PubMed1987

IgG1 induction factor: a single molecular entity with multiple biological functions.

A cDNA clone coding for the murine IgG1 induction factor has been isolated. The translation products directed by this clone were analyzed in different biological assays. The data obtained show that the IgG1 induction factor: Is involved in the regulation of IgG responses, by increasing IgG1 and decreasing IgG3 and IgG2b secretion; Induces hyper-Ia expression on resting B lymphocytes; Synergizes with anti-Ig in inducing DNA synthesis in resting B lymphocytes; Synergizes with DxS in inducing DNA synthesis by B lymphocytes; It induces DNA synthesis by either the T cell line CTL-L or Con-A blasts. Thus, this lymphokine in addition to IgG1 inducing activity has also BSF-1, BCGF-II and TCGF like activities. The fact that a single molecule can perform all the above listed functions has implications for our view of lymphocyte activation. It indicates that considering the B cell response as an ordered series of independently controlled events, is an oversimplified view of the dynamic process through which B cells are activated and also indicate the functional interconnection of the different elements of the immune system.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Growth factors and receptors of lymphocytes.

To understand molecular mechanisms of clonal expansion of lymphocytes we have isolated cDNA clones for two lymphokines, interleukins (IL) 4 and 5 that induce proliferation and maturation of B-lymphocytes. Structures of IL-4 and IL-5 revealed a remote homology with other lymphokines such as IL-3 and gamma-interferon. IL-4 and IL-5 were shown to affect not only B-lymphocytes but also T-lymphocytes and several other cells derived from bone marrow stem cells. We have also studied the structure and function of the IL-2 receptor: our focus was the molecular basis for the high and low affinity states of the receptor encoded by the identical cDNA. We propose the affinity conversion model that the high-affinity state of the IL-2 receptor is a ternary complex of IL-2, the IL-2 receptor, and a postulated "converter protein", which is fewer in number than the receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effects of prazosin and propranolol in combination with thiazide diuretics on blood pressure and serum lipids: a multicentre study.

We have carried out randomized 12-week multicentre study to compare the effects of prazosin and propranolol on blood pressure and serum lipids in 70 patients with essential hypertension after a 4 week minimum period of treatment with thiazide diuretics. After 12 weeks treatment with prazosin (n = 40, 1.5-12.0 mg per day) or propranolol (n = 30, 30-120 mg per day) with diuretics there was a significant blood pressure reduction from 165.1/97.9 mmHg to 151.2/90.6 mmHg and from 167/96.5 mmHg to 153/91.9 mmHg, respectively. In the 12th week a significant decrease was noted in triglyceride and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL + VLDL-C), but no significant effects were seen in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients receiving prazosin. On the other hand, a significant decrease in lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was seen in patients receiving propranolol. Twenty-six of 40 patients receiving prazosin were given an additional 12 weeks of treatment. Twenty-two of 30 patients initially treated with propranolol were switched from propranolol to prazosin after 13 weeks and given prazosin up to the 24th week. At 24 weeks, the blood pressure was 149/93.0 mmHg in the prazosin group and 155/89.2 mmHg in the group which switched from propranolol to prazosin. Triglyceride remained reduced in the prazosin group at the 24th week. In the group which switched from propranolol to prazosin, triglyceride decreased significantly over the next 12 weeks.

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1987

Modified versus classical Blalock-Taussig shunts for congenital cyanotic heart diseases: a comparison of long-term results.

Between March 1977 and December 1984, 103 Blalock-Taussig shunts were performed on 88 patients. Included in this study were 40 patients who underwent the modified BT shunt and 63 patients who underwent the classical BT shunt. 13 of the modified BT shunts (33 per cent) and 18 of the classical BT shunts (29 per cent) were performed during infancy and 10 of the modified BT shunts (25 per cent) were performed on patients under the age of 3 months. EPTFE grafts of varying sizes were used in the patients who underwent modified BT shunts--4 mm in 14 cases, 5 mm in 15 cases and 6 mm in 11 cases, respectively. The early mortality rate was 11 per cent (3 deaths) in the group who had modified BT shunts and 8 per cent (5 deaths) in the group who had classical BT shunts. Over a follow-up period of 6 years, 6 shunt failures were diagnosed in the modified BTS group by auscultation and/or angiographic study, and during a follow-up period of 8 years, 12 shunt failures were diagnosed in the classical BTS group. The patency rate 3 years after surgery was 88.8 per cent in the modified BTS group and 78.0 per cent in the classical BTS group. The patency rate 5 years after surgery was 88.8 per cent in the modified BTS group and 75 per cent in the classical BTS group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1987

Selective adsorption of porcine-amelogenins onto hydroxyapatite and their inhibitory activity on hydroxyapatite growth in supersaturated solutions.

The selective adsorption of amelogenins onto synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and their inhibitory activity on the seeded HA crystal growth were investigated using enamel proteins obtained from the outer layer of immature porcine-enamel (soft, cheeselike in consistency) of developing permanent incisors. Special interests were paid to the effect of a postsecretory degradation of the original amelogenin(s) on their adsorption and inhibitory activity. In the adsorption studies, it was apparent that the originally secreted amelogenin (25 K), proline, and histidine-rich protein (2a), as well as the higher molecular weight components (60-90 K), showed a strong adsorption affinity onto the HA. This adsorption of protein 2a was related to its inhibition of the crystal growth of seeded HA in a dilute supersaturated solution. On the other hand, the partially degraded product (20 K) of amelogenins, protein 2b, lost the high adsorption affinity onto the HA, and consequently showed no significant inhibitory activity. The observed selective adsorption of protein 2a onto HA was apparent at pH 6.0 and pH 7.4 even in the presence of dissociative solvents, such as 3 M urea or 2 and 4 M guanidine-HCl; however, this selective behavior was sensitive to changes in pH, and was not displayed at pH values of 7.8 or 10.8. The results suggest that the originally secreted amelogenin 2a may play an active role in amelogenesis, and that enamel mineralization could be regulated by the secretion of amelogenins and their inactivation through partial enzymic degradation, prior to their complete removal.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1987

Nonamelogenin components of porcine enamel in the protein fraction free from the enamel crystals.

The enamel protein fraction free from enamel crystals was investigated to determine the existance of nonamelogenin like enamelin. Enamel proteins were extracted by neutral and alkaline buffers from the porcine immature enamel at an early stage of development and resolved into four fractions on Sephadex G-100 gel filtration in a carbonate buffer (pH 10.8). The first eluted fraction contained the aggregate of proteins from 13,000 daltons to 142,000 daltons in molecular size and most of these proteins were found to differ from amelogenin by their different solubility against 25% isopropanol on acrylamide gel, and their amino acid composition. These nonamelogenins showed the property of closely associating with synthetic hydroxyapatite under dissociative conditions, and their electrophoretic properties and amino acid compositions were quite similar to those of the enamelins prepared from porcine immature enamel.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1987

Proteins in the enamel fluid of immature porcine teeth.

The fluid was separated from the immature soft enamel of porcine permanent teeth in the secretory stage according to procedures reported previously (Aoba and Moreno, 1987). The protein content of the fluid was about 2.8% w/v; its amino-acid composition was characterized by high contents of Pro, Glx, Leu, and His, showing composition similar to that of the 20 kilo-dalton (kd) amelogenin or its C-terminal segments. The two major protein species in the fluid had apparent molecular weights of 13 kd and 11 kd, as determined by SDS electrophoresis; the N-terminal residue of the former was Leu, while that of the latter was Ala. The C-terminal sequence of both of them was -Met-Phe-Ser. By comparison with the published sequence of 20-kd porcine amelogenin, it is concluded that the main fluid constituents were derived by cleavages of N-terminal segments from the 20-kd amelogenin.

Amelogenesis↗
PubMed1987

[A multi-institutional study on postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of gastric cancer (II)].

A multi-institutional cooperative study of postoperative immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer was studied using PSK and/or OK-432 combined with Tegafur (FT) and/or MMC. A total of 3,630 gastrectomized patients from 412 institutions were entered into the study using 6 randomly assigned protocols. Unbiased background cases were analyzed by 4-year or 5-year survival rates (SVR) for each protocol. The efficacy of combined PSK with FT was noticed in all cases of curative operation macroscopically and in n(-) X ps(+) cases (4-y SVR). The combination of MMC, FT and PSK produced better survival than MMC with FT or PSK administration in all cases of macroscopic curative operation (5-y SVR) and in non-curative operation (4-y SVR). The combination of MMC, FT, PSK and OK-432 was effective for poorly differentiated cancer (4-y SVR). Immunochemotherapy with MMC, FT, PSK and OK-432 was more effective in patients with preoperative positive PPD skin test than in those with negative PPD skin test. These results suggested that adjuvant immunochemotherapy using PSK and/or OK-432 combined with MMC and FT is effective for the improved survival of gastrectomized patients with gastric cancer.

Biological Products↗