Effect of sodium dodecylsulphate on the binding of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis T-80 cells with Trp-P1.
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Calcium Chloride↗
Biomedical subjects
T Tanabe
Publications and source records attributed to T Tanabe.
Positive effect of tamoxifen as part of adjuvant chemo-endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Hokkaido Adjuvant Chemo-Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer Study Group.
A prospective randomised multicentre clinical study was undertaken for 2 years and 3 months from November 1982, with the aim of examining the significance of using a combination of ftorafur (FT) and tamoxifen (TAM) for post-operative adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. Patients had either stage II or stage IIIa disease, were age 75 or below and had undergone radical mastectomy. Patients were divided into two groups and received one of the following treatment protocols: treatment A, intravenous administration of doxorubicin (DOX), 20 mg on the day of surgery and 10 mg the next day, followed by oral FT 50 mg day-1 for 2 years from the 14th day; treatment B, the same pattern of DOX administration for the first 2 days, followed by a combined therapy of FT and TAM 20 mg day-1 for 2 years. The number of patients was 546 (treatment A 274 and treatment B 272), of whom 34 (6%) were ineligible. The remaining 512 patients (treatment A 254 and treatment B 258) were followed up for 5 years for analysis. Significantly higher 5 year disease-free rate and 5 year survival rates were observed with treatment B compared with treatment A. When seen in terms of background factors, node-positive patients appeared to derive more benefit from tamoxifen than node-negative patients, but the oestrogen receptor-negative and premenopausal subgroups appeared to derive about the same benefit as those who were oestrogen receptor positive and post-menopausal. Indeed, survival in the premenopausal group was significantly better with tamoxifen (P = 0.04). No increase in side-effects was seen by combining TAM with FT. The study results demonstrate that concomitant administration of FT and TAM is better than FT alone for post-operative adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
Adult↗
Relationship of calcium transients to calcium currents and charge movements in myotubes expressing skeletal and cardiac dihydropyridine receptors.
In both skeletal and cardiac muscle, the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor is a critical element in excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling. However, the mechanism for calcium release is completely different in these muscles. In cardiac muscle the DHP receptor functions as a rapidly-activated calcium channel and the influx of calcium through this channel induces calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In contrast, in skeletal muscle the DHP receptor functions as a voltage sensor and as a slowly-activating calcium channel; in this case, the voltage sensor controls SR calcium release. It has been previously demonstrated that injection of dysgenic myotubes with cDNA (pCAC6) encoding the skeletal muscle DHP receptor restores the slow calcium current and skeletal type e-c coupling that does not require entry of external calcium (Tanabe, Beam, Powell, and Numa. 1988. Nature. 336:134-139). Furthermore, injection of cDNA (pCARD1) encoding the cardiac DHP receptor produces rapidly activating calcium current and cardiac type e-c coupling that does require calcium entry (Tanabe, Mikami, Numa, and Beam. 1990. Nature. 344:451-453). In this paper, we have studied the voltage dependence of, and the relationship between, charge movement, calcium transients, and calcium current in normal skeletal muscle cells in culture. In addition, we injected pCAC6 or pCARD1 into the nuclei of dysgenic myotubes and studied the relationship between the restored events and compared them with those of the normal cells. Charge movement and calcium currents were recorded with the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Calcium transients were measured with Fluo-3 introduced through the patch pipette. The kinetics and voltage dependence of the charge movement, calcium transients, and calcium current in dysgenic myotubes expressing pCAC6 were qualitatively similar to the ones elicited in normal myotubes: the calcium transient displayed a sigmoidal dependence on voltage and was still present after the addition of 0.5 mM Cd2+ + 0.1 mM La3+. In contrast, the calcium transient in dysgenic myotubes expressing pCARD1 followed the amplitude of the calcium current and thus showed a bell shaped dependence on voltage. In addition, the transient had a slower rate of rise than in pCAC6-injected myotubes and was abolished completely by the addition of Cd2+ + La3+.
Animals↗
Heterologous expression of BI Ca2+ channels in dysgenic skeletal muscle.
We have examined the ability of BI (class A) Ca2+ channels, cloned from rabbit brain, to mediate excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in skeletal muscle. Expression plasmids carrying cDNA encoding BI channels were microinjected into the nuclei of dysgenic mouse myotubes grown in primary culture. Ionic currents and intramembrane charge movements produced by the BI channels were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Injected myotubes expressed high densities of ionic BI Ca2+ channel current (average 31 pA/pF) but did not display spontaneous contractions, and only very rarely displayed evoked contractions. The expressed ionic current was pharmacologically distinguished from the endogenous L-type current of dysgenic skeletal muscle (Idys) by its insensitivity to the dihydropyridine antagonist (+)-PN 200-110. Peak BI Ca2+ currents activated with a time constant (tau a) of approximately 2 ms and inactivated with a time constant (tau h) of approximately 260 ms (20-23 degrees C). The time constant of inactivation (tau h) was not increased by substituting Ba2+ for Ca2+ as charge carrier, demonstrating that BI channels expressed in dysgenic myotubes do not undergo Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation. The average maximal Ca2+ conductance (Gmax) produced by the BI channels was quite large (approximately 534 S/F). In contrast, the average maximal charge movement (Qmax) produced in the same myotubes (approximately 2.7 nC/microF) was quite small, being barely larger than Qmax in control dysgenic myotubes (approximately 2.3 nC/microF). Thus, the ratio Gmax/Qmax for the BI channels was considerably higher than previously found for cardiac or skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channels expressed in the same system, indicating that neuronal BI Ca2+ channels exhibit a much higher open probability than these L-type Ca2+ channels.
Animals↗
Endoscopic laser surgery for subglottic and tracheal stenosis.
Seventeen patients with subglottic and tracheal stenosis were treated with laser surgery. Six patients had airway stenosis caused by malignant tumors. Out of 16 patients who required emergency endolaryngeal laser surgery, satisfactory results were achieved in 12, obtaining a sufficient lumen for ventilation. Five cases with airway tumors underwent laser surgery to increase the airway lumen, however, only one patient showed excellent results, with a sufficient airway lumen not being obtained in the others. Airway obstructions due to tumor can be treated satisfactorily by laser surgery, though long-term postoperative follow-up confirmed recurrence of tumor in some cases, which is a problem that must be overcome in the future.
Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
Effects of sympathetic stimulation, with and without previous alpha 1 and beta adrenoceptor blockade, on refractoriness dispersion in canine heart.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the electrophysiological effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation, with and without prior alpha 1 and beta adrenoceptor blockade during myocardial ischaemia in dogs. METHODS: Chloralose anaesthetised dogs were studied 2 h after ligation of the obtuse marginal branches of the circumflex artery (OMB). The refractory period was measured at eight sites in the ischaemic zone, two sites in the border zone, and two sites in the normal zone with S1-S2 extrastimulus methods. RESULTS: In group 1 (n = 13), before OMB ligation, stimulation of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve shortened the refractory period only in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01). OMB ligation resulted in a significant shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01). In group 2 (n = 12), the alpha 1 blocker bunazosin (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) blunted the shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone induced by OMB ligation (p < 0.01), resulting in a reduction in refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic (border and normal) zones. Subsequent administration of the beta blocker propranolol (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) prolonged refractory periods both in the ischaemic and in the non-ischaemic zones (p < 0.05 v p < 0.001). Ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation reversed the effects of bunazosin on the refractory period in the ischaemic zone; however, after the addition of propranolol, neural stimulation no longer influenced the refractory period. In group 3 (n = 13), propranolol (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) reversed the shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01) induced by OMB ligation but also prolonged the refractory period in the non-ischaemic zone (p < 0.001); refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic zones was thus not reduced. Ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation had no effect on refractory period after administration of propranolol alone or propranolol followed by bunazosin. CONCLUSIONS: Although an alpha 1 blocker may be better than a beta blocker in reducing refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardium, a beta blocker may protect more effectively than an alpha 1 blocker against the detrimental effects of cardiac nerve activity on electrical instability in the ischaemic myocardium.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Origin of the low-energy component and isotope effect on dissociative recombinations of HeH+ and HeD+
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Journal Article↗
A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin from a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with phlegmon.
A new type of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin (sET) was isolated from the culture filtrate of a Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from a horse with skin infection including phlegmon. The new sET was purified by precipitation with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulofine A-500, gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7.5% polyacrylamide). The new sET elicited general exfoliation of the epidermis with the so-called Nikolsky sign when inoculated into both 3-day-old mice and 1-day-old chicks, whereas sETA and sETB from human strains of S. aureus caused exfoliation in a 3-day-old mouse alone and shET from a porcine strain of Staphylococcus hyicus caused exfoliation in 1-day-old chicks alone. Intraepidermal splitting was observed at the granular layer of the epidermis of mice inoculated with the new sET as well as those inoculated with sETA. Exfoliation at the germinative layer of the epidermis was also observed in the chicks inoculated with the new sET as well as those inoculated with shET. The new sET was serologically different from sETA, sETB, and shET and showed the same molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was thermolabile and lost its toxicity after being heated at 60 degrees C for 15 min. We propose that the new sET be designated as sETC.
Animals↗
Technical approach for reanimation of the chronically denervated larynx by means of functional electrical stimulation.
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle to produce vocal fold abduction offers an alternative approach to current surgical therapies for bilateral vocal fold paralysis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the application of FES to chronically denervated PCA muscles. Specific goals were to develop a stimulus delivery system for the PCA muscle, determine a practical means of implantation, and identify stimulus parameters effective in activating chronically denervated muscle. Seventeen dogs were implanted with planar electrode arrays 3 months after unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve resection. A nail-bed electrode array allowed discrete activation of the PCA muscle and gave the greatest abductions, with minimal charge dissipation. Muscle mapping revealed hot-spot regions on the PCA muscle surface, in which stimulation produced maximum abduction. A conservative stimulus paradigm effective in activating chronically denervated muscle was a 1-second pulse train of 2-millisecond-duration pulses, delivered at a tetanizing frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 4 to 14 mA.
Animals↗
Eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes in placental and decidual tissues from preeclamptic pregnancies: increased expression of thromboxane-A2 synthase gene.
Preeclampsia is a disease of late pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria, in which vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and reduced uteroplacental blood flow contribute to preterm delivery, perinatal morbidity, and mortality. Increased thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) and/or decreased prostacyclin (PGI2) have been implicated as causative factors of this disease. The present studies investigated the expression of TXA2 synthase gene along with those of TXA2 receptors, PGI2 synthase, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and COX-2 in placental and decidual tissue from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that primarily trophoblast layer and decidual cells express TXA2 synthase, COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes. Immunocytochemistry for PGI2 synthase and in situ hybridization for TXA2 receptors showed similar results. Trophoblast layer and decidua from preeclamptic pregnancies contained a greater abundance of mRNA and protein of TXA2 synthase than the matched normal pregnancies. In summary, our findings suggest that an increased local expression of TXA2 synthase could be responsible for local and/or peripheral vascular changes in preeclampsia.
Decidua↗
Awake evoked electromyography recording from the chronically implanted rat.
Investigation of the effects of various factors on nerve regeneration has been compromised by the lack of an accurate and objective technique which can monitor dynamic changes in the status of nerve-muscle innervation over the entire course of regeneration. The approach of evoked electromyography (EEMG) was adopted to obtain temporal and quantitative data during nerve regeneration. Initially, transcutaneous nerve stimulation and percutaneous muscle recording was performed, but the approach was abandoned because of the high interest variability (20% average deviation) and requirement for anesthesia during testing. A new approach using chronically implanted stimulation and recording electrodes was adopted in an attempt to circumvent these problems. Initial acute studies performed in the hindlimb of the anesthetized rat identified stable EEMG recording sites with sciatic nerve stimulation. In a second study conducted in chronically implanted unanesthetized unrestrained animals, EEMG recording from these sites demonstrated remarkable stability with an average interest variability of only 5%. Preliminary results have been obtained with this technique in monitoring the progression of hindlimb reinnervation following crush and transection nerve injuries.
Animals↗
Reconstruction of the hypopharynx using hemilarynx for localized pyriform sinus cancer.
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Aged↗
[Intractable vasculitis syndromes--incidence and epidemiology].
Incidence and epidemiology of various diseases related to vasculitis were mainly reviewed from recent studies carried out in the Research Committee of Intractable Vasculitis Syndrome supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. A relative higher proportion of patients with aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's arteritis), Buerger's disease was reported in Asia compared to Europe and the United States. Today, the incidence of these diseases is considered to indicate a trend to decrease in Japan. However, the number of patients studied by the Committee remained almost unchanged. The patients are reported from all districts of Japan, though the incidences varied with the prefecture. The Research Committee is continuing further careful epidemiological investigations by established diagnostic criteria from year to year.
Adolescent↗
Fully automated flow-injection system for quantifying 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol in serum.
We have developed a flow-injection system with colorimetric detection to measure 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol in serum. Serum samples are directly and serially injected into a clean-up column every 3.5 min to remove interferences before the enzymatic reaction. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol, after being passed through the column, is oxidized by immobilized pyranose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.10), and the hydrogen peroxide produced reacts with the chromogen substrate in the presence of immobilized horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) to form Bindshedler's Green. The detection limit was 1.2 mumol/L (1.2 pmol). The correlation between results obtained with the present system (y) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (x) in samples containing < 30 mumol/L 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, including many samples from patients with diabetes mellitus, was y = 0.975x-0.111 mumol/L (r = 0.997), which was superior to that obtained between the enzymatic and GC-MS methods. Our system needs only to be set up; it runs without any manual pretreatment, assays 17 samples/h, and shows imprecision (CV) of < 2%.
Autoanalysis↗
Plasma alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol levels in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults.
We investigated the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and beta-carotene in the institutionalized elderly individuals and in young adults, together with assessment of the influence of plasma lipids for beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, and the effect of retinol binding protein (RBP) on retinol levels. Although plasma alpha-tocopherol levels in elderly females were significantly higher than in elderly males, there was no significant difference in the ratio of plasma alpha-tocopherol to total lipids between males and females or between the young adults and the elderly subjects. However, the plasma beta-carotene level in elderly females did not differ from those in elderly males after correction for the difference in plasma lipids levels, while a significant higher level was observed in the young females even after this correction. Thus, plasma beta-carotene levels appear to depend not only on plasma lipids, but also on other factors, while the plasma alpha-tocopherol level depends entirely on plasma lipids. A higher plasma retinol level was observed in young males than in young females, with the level in young females not differing from that in elderly subjects of both sexes. This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.
Adult↗
[Bronchogenic cysts of the mediastinum].
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Adult↗
[Clinical study on reoperation for recurrent pulmonary metastasis].
Ninety seven patients with metastatic lung tumors were treated surgically in our department. Second pulmonary resections were performed in 13 patients. They consists of 9 males and 4 females, their age ranged from 12 to 75 years old (average 54.4 years old). Tumors originate from sarcoma in 5 cases, laryngeal cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer in 2 cases respectively, oral cavity cancer and transitional cell cancer in 1 case respectively. No second pulmonary resection was performed in patients with metastatic lung tumors originating from lung cancer or breast cancer, because they metastatize not only lung but also general organs. No second pulmonary resection was required in patients with testicular tumor and choriocarcinoma, because chemotherapy take good effect on them.
Adult↗
Clinical application of evoked spinal cord potentials elicited by direct stimulation of the cord during temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta.
Evoked spinal cord potentials elicited by direct stimulation of the cord were used to monitor spinal cord ischemia in 68 patients undergoing temporary occlusion of the thoracic aorta (29 thoracic nondissecting aortic aneurysms, 9 nondissecting thoracoabdominal aneurysms, and 30 dissecting aneurysms). "Immediate" postoperative paraplegia developed in three patients and "immediate" paraparesis developed in one, whereas "delayed" paraplegia developed in two others. During aortic crossclamping, four response patterns of the spinal cord potentials were obtained: (1) no change (n = 53), (2) change with return (n = 10), (3) change with inconsistent return (n = 2), and (4) change without return (n = 3). Neurologic complications occurred in 2%, 0%, 100% of these groups, respectively. Delayed paraplegia developed on the second postoperative day in only one patient with a false-negative result, and the potentials correlated well with this patient's clinical neurologic recovery. The aortic crossclamp time was significantly longer in the patients with "change with inconsistent return" and "change without return" than in the other two groups (p < 0.01). Femoral artery pressure and the cardiopulmonary bypass flow rate were also significantly lower in these groups than in the other two groups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that intraoperative monitoring of direct spinal cord responses is useful for the early detection of spinal cord ischemia for assessing the efficacy of surgical countermeasures.
Aortic Dissection↗