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Biomedical subjects

T Takishima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takishima.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Long-term follow-up of medically treated patients with coronary artery disease--I. Incidence of major cardiac events and its risk factors in Japanese with coronary artery disease.

In the cooperative, multi-center trial, 491 medically treated patients with coronary artery disease were thoroughly assessed and followed for an average of 49 months. The rate of cardiac death and/or non-fatal myocardial infarction was 9.8%; 64% of cardiac events were fatal. Three factors, such as number of diseased coronary arteries, other diseased organs and the cardiothoracic ratio, contributed significantly to the evolution of cardiac events. The outcome of cardiac events in Japan in the period from 1973 to 1985 in patients with coronary artery disease was more favorable than those reported recently in the United States. The results of this study will serve as a control data base for further studies in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Long-term follow-up of medically treated patients with coronary artery disease--II. Unstable angina pectoris, asymptomatic periods, and sudden unexpected cardiac events.

In order to clarify the incidence of unstable angina (UA), the rate of mutual transition to other forms of ischemic heart disease, and the short term prognosis of asymptomatic patients, we followed prospectively 421 medically treated patients after through assessment of coronary artery disease for an average of 43 months. Three hundred and two episodes of UA had occurred in 139 patients. Of these 14 patients experienced major cardiac events. Sixteen patients had sudden cardiac events with no prior UA. Two hundred and sixty-six patients had no episodes of UA nor cardiac events; of these, 97 patients were followed for more than 49 months. Those with both effort and rest UA had a much more higher incidence of unstable episodes and a higher average age than those with effort UA alone and those with rest UA alone. The average transition rate to the cardiac events by month of patients with UA, by markovian analysis, was higher than those of the asymptomatic or stable angina patient groups. When background factors are taken account, these transition rates might help the physicians in determining the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease at a specific stage of state.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prolonged hypoxemia after 10 min walking exercise in aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Although the behavior and factors of exercise tolerance have been studied during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little attention has been paid to the after-effects of such activity. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was monitored during and after a 10 min walking exercise in aged patients with COPD. Neither baseline SaO2 nor mean SaO2 during exercise correlated to the 10 min walking distance. However, the recovery time of SaO2 to the baseline value shows significant correlation to the 10 min walking distance. Careful attention should be paid to prolonged hypoxemia after exercise in severe cases of COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Distinguishing normal and abnormal tracheal breathing sounds by principal component analysis.

Expired and inspired tracheal breathing sounds (BS) were recorded from 10 normal subjects and 8 patients with respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, sarcoidosis, fibrosing lung disease, chronic bronchitis, and radiation pneumonitis. Frequency spectra were generated using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and we observed considerable differences between BS spectra of normal subjects and patients. The frequency of peak amplitude and mean frequency of the BS spectra of patients were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Spectral features were extracted by dividing each spectra into equal frequency bands--each feature being the mean amplitude of each FFT element within a frequency band. We used Principal Component Analysis to compare spectral feature sets and found a clear separation between normal and abnormal tracheal BS for 10, 20, and 40 features/spectra. We conclude that Principal Component Analysis of BS could become a new method of diagnosing respiratory disease in an automated fashion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion].

A large amount of mucus and mucoid impaction are observed in the autopsied lungs of bronchial asthmatics. It is possible that mucus hypersecretion and accumulation of intrabronchial mucus result in bronchial obstruction and structural bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Bronchial gland plays a main role in human airway secretion. We describe here some results using isolated gland preparation which enable us to examine airway mucus secretion in a well-defined condition. Chemical mediators released from mast cells augment the secretory responses induced by cholinergic nerve stimulation through accelerated acetylcholine release in the nerve terminals. PAF produces an increase in mucus glycoprotein secretion in the presence of platelets mainly through the thromboxane release from platelets. Substance P which is released by an axon reflex in response to various stimuli and inflammations in the airways, also produced an increase in mucus secretion. Epithelial cells release an inhibitory factor to mucus glycoprotein secretion from bronchial glands. Epithelial cell damages due to inflammation in the airways may induced a reduction of the inhibitory factor release in bronchial asthmatics, resulting in mucus hypersecretion.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

Production of tumour necrosis factor by mastocytoma P815 cells.

P815, a transformed mouse mastocytoma cell line, produced and released cytotoxic factors after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), but not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), calcium ionophore A23187 and IgE receptor triggering. The cytotoxic activity was reduced 60% by antibodies to mouse tumour necrosis factor (TNF). In addition, we demonstrated that TNF mRNA was already expressed under normal culture conditions and that it increased after stimulation with PMA. Although it was unknown whether factors other than TNF were lymphotoxin or some other unknown factors, it has been suggested that mast cells have cytotoxic activity, and that they contribute to inflammatory response through the release of TNF, which has a wide range of biological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gene expression and production of tumour necrosis factor by a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line (RBL-2H3) with IgE receptor triggering.

This study evaluated the gene expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and the molecular weight of the cytotoxic factor in a subline of a rat basophilic leukaemia cell line, RBL-2H3. After IgE receptor triggering with a specific antigen that was associated with histamine release, cytotoxic activity in the cell lysates and supernatants increased for 2 hr during the culture of RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, calcium ionophore A23187 could induce release of histamine and cytotoxic activity from RBL-2H3 cells. However, compound 48/80, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were unable to induce the release of either histamine or cytotoxic activity from the cells. These data suggested that, at least in part, there was a common pathway in histamine release and production of cytotoxic activity. A protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, did not affect histamine release, but inhibited the induction of cytotoxic activity. This cytotoxic activity from RBL-2H3 cells was completely neutralized by anti-mouse TNF rabbit serum. With Northern blot analysis, mouse TNF cDNA probe could hybridize with RNA isolated from RBL-2H3 cells. TNF mRNA was induced as early as 1 hr after stimulation with specific antigen and decreased by 4 hr. Moreover, the molecular weight (MW) of the released cytotoxic factor from RBL-2H3 cells triggered with IgE receptors was approximately 17,000 by SDS-PAGE, which was compatible to that of TNF. Thus, it is concluded that the gene expression and production of TNF occurred in RBL-2H3 cells after IgE receptor triggering in association with histamine release, suggesting that TNF produced by basophils and mast cells may play an important role in allergic reaction through its wide range of biological activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Eosinophil and neutrophil production of leukotriene C4 and B4: comparison of cells from asthmatic subjects and healthy donors.

Production of LTC4 and LTB4 by eosinophils and neutrophils was compared between nine asymptomatic asthmatic subjects and eight healthy donors. We observed a statistically significant difference in LTC4 generated by eosinophils, but not LTB4 produced by neutrophils. These findings suggest a quantitative difference in eosinophils between asthmatic subjects and healthy donors.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of Epstein-Barr virus specific IgE antibody].

To confirm the existence and investigate the biological significance of IgE virus-specific antibodies, we studied Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific IgE antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti human IgE monoclonal antibody. We detected EBV-specific IgE antibody in sera not only from patients with the EBV associated diseases of infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but also from patients with bronchial asthma, collagen disease and healthy volunteers. However, there was no significant difference in the titers of IgE antibody specific for EBV among these groups. No significant relationship between the titers of EBV-specific IgG and IgE antibody, or between the titers of EBV-specific IgE and the total IgE levels in the sera was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Generation of brain scintigram reports with a speech recognition device controlled by a personal computer].

Radiology reporting system using a speech recognition apparatus was applied to generation of reports on brain scintigram and SPECT. The number of words or phrases that were selected for the reporting system by the authors was 259. Rates of correct recognition at the first, second, and third or more utterance of the voices were 91.1, 5.0, and 3.9%, respectively. The recognition rates decreased from 96.6 to 88.0% when the mean lengths of the words or phrases varied from 6.4 to 3.3. Net time for the generation of 8 reports by the system was 21 minutes 26 seconds, while that by the traditional dictation-transcription method was 15 minutes and 53 seconds. This system seems to be useful because of much longer input time expected for an average doctor, who usually is not well trained in using a Japanese-word processor, and convenience for database management offered by the system.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic efficacy of miconazole on deep-seated fungal infections in the respiratory tract system].

We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of miconazole (MCZ, Florid-F inj.), a new antifungal agent for parenteral use, in deep-seated fungal infections of respiratory tract system. A daily dose of 400-1,800 mg of MCZ was given intravenously for 12-38 days (mean: 23.4 days) to 7 patients: 2 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, 1 patient with bronchial aspergillosis, 1 patient with pulmonary candidiasis and 3 patients with candidemia. One additional patient with pulmonary aspergillosis received three instillations of 20 mg of MCZ into the thoracic cavity. The clinical effects were excellent in 1, good in 4 and poor in 3 patients. The efficacy rate was 100% in 5 cases with respiratory fungal infections but 3 cases with candidemia did not respond well to the treatment. Four strains each of Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. were identified as causative organisms. Seven of the 8 strains were eradicated by administration of MCZ. Side effects observed were irritation and heat in a leg in 1 patient, hyperlipoidemia in 2 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. The adverse reactions disappeared after the completion of the therapy. From the above results, we conclude that MCZ is one of the most useful antifungal agents for parenteral use as a first choice on deep-seated fungal infections in the respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Respiratory functions of the upper airway with special reference to physiological implications of respiratory disease].

The upper airway is not a simple solid conduit for respiratory airflow. It is also concerned with digestive and defense functions and vocalization. Therefore, it can be recognized as a complex organ to regulate these complex functions. There are three valve-like structures in the upper airway, i.e., the nasal cavity, pharynx and vocal cord. Therefore, airflow is controlled and sometimes obstructed in these particular regions, a phenomenon called airway collapse. In order to maintain the patency of the upper airway during inspiration, it is mandatory to elicit simultaneous activation of both respiratory and upper airway muscles. Even in normal healthy subjects, strong contraction of the respiratory muscles without accompanying activation of the upper airway muscles, such as in hiccups, results in airway collapse. In recent years, a number of physiological and pathophysiological studies have been accomplished to elucidate the mechanisms of the upper airway collapsibility. Particularly, the passive mechanism concept to explain obstructive sleep apnea during REM sleep advocated by Remmers and Guilleminault has substantially contributed to the recent development of research activities in this field. Important new findings related with this topic were presented by Drs. Fukuda, Kitagawa, Hida, Ohi and Kawakami in this symposium. In relation to the swallowing reflex and cough mechanism, interesting discoveries were also reported by Drs. Nishino and Sekizawa.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Effects of afterload elevation on the ischemic myocardium in isolated, paced canine heart with partial coronary stenosis.

The effect of afterload elevation on the ischemic myocardium was examined in an isolated, paced canine heart with a partial coronary stenosis. The coronary blood flow of the left circumflex coronary artery was reduced to approximately one-third of the values before stenosis. The left circumflex coronary stenosis produced a decrease in global ventricular function, a decrease in systolic shortening and deviation of the ST-segment of the epicardial electrocardiogram and an increase in myocardial carbon dioxide (CO2) tension of the ischemic region. Then, afterload elevation with constant preload decreased the myocardial CO2 tension and improved the ST-segment deviation of the ischemic myocardium. Mechanical function, estimated by the relation between mean aortic pressure and systolic shortening, also improved with elevation of mean aortic pressure. In contrast, afterload elevation combined with preload elevation did not improve ischemic injury, as estimated by myocardial CO2 tension, and did not improve ST-segment deviation or mechanical function despite an increase in left circumflex coronary flow. These results suggest that the elevation of afterload pressure under constant preload improves ischemia produced by a partial coronary stenosis due to increased coronary blood supply; however, the preload elevation counterbalances the beneficial effects of afterload elevation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Two dimensional polar display of cardiac blood pool SPECT.

A new method of ECG gated cardiac blood pool SPECT to illustrate the left ventricular (LV) wall motion in a single static image, two dimensional polar display (2DPD), was described. Circumferential profiles of the difference between end diastolic and end systolic short axis images of the LV were displayed in a similar way to the bull's eye plot of 201Tl myocardial SPECT. The diagnoses by 2DPDs agreed with those by cinematic displays of ECG gated blood pool SPECT in 74 out of 84 segments (85.5%) of abnormal motion, and 155 our of 168 segments (80.3%) of normal motion. It is concluded that 2DPD can evaluate regional wall motion by a single static image in a significant number of patients, and is also useful in comparing with the bull's eye image of 201Tl myocardial SPECT.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Factor analysis of multigated cardiac blood pool scintigram for the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction.

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was measured by factor analysis (FA) of multigated cardiac blood pool scintigram in 38 consecutive patients, and compared with that measured by the variable ROI method (EFVROI) with automated left ventricular contour detection. FA was automatically performed without operator intervention with a success rate of 100%. The correlation of EF with EFVROI was significant in the group of 22 patients with normal wall motion (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001), and the entire group of patients (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001), but not significant (p = 0.19) in the group of 16 patients with abnormal wall motion. In conclusion, left ventricular ejection fraction can be estimated by factor analysis of MUGA in patients with normal wall motion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Preparation of a fine powder of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose suitable for inhalation to diagnose lung diseases by means of PET.

Fine 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) powder was obtained by adding diethyl ether into a methyl alcohol solution of 18FDG and other sugar as seed. When micronized particles of sodium N-acetyl-neuraminate (Neu5Ac-Na) were used as seed crystals, particles containing 18FDG were obtained and 80% of them were smaller than 10 microns in size. More than 60% of these crystals were 4-6 microns in size. In a preclinical study of forced inhalation in a dog, the 18FDG fine powder was mainly distributed in the trachea. The radioactivity in the trachea then increased once and a gradual decrease followed. The radioactivity was transferred into the blood and radioactivity incorporation into the heart was observed. After a normal volunteer inhaled 18FDG dry powder aerosol, the radioactivity was found in the respiratory tract and the peripheral area of the lung by means of PET. Absorption and in vivo dynamics of the 18FDG were also analysed.

Administration, Inhalation↗