Prospect of the treatment of human gastric ulcers with orally administered epidermal growth factor.
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
T Takeuchi
Publications and source records attributed to T Takeuchi.
Cytidine deaminase activity in abnormal pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of cytidine deaminase (CTD) activity in the prediction of abnormal pregnancy and the prognosis of fetal outcome. METHOD: The CTD activities in 367 pregnant women and 17 placentas and their cord sera were determined. The CTD activity was estimated to determine the amount of ammonia liberated during conversion of cytidine into uridine. The Kruskal-Wallis test and paired t-test were employed for statistical comparisons. RESULT: The placentas contained extremely high levels of CTD activity, but the cord serum did not. The mean value of CTD activity in abnormal pregnancy women was significantly higher than in normal pregnancy women. The two cases with a CTD activity of 40 U or more had the worst infant prognosis. CONCLUSION: The CTD activity in abnormal pregnancies was excessively elevated due to a damaged placenta under progressive deterioration. This CTD assay was simple and had predictive value for the prognosis of an infant of an abnormal pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Free testosterone and abortion in early pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between percentage of free testosterone (% free T) and the abortion rate in early pregnancy. METHODS: Progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), total T, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and % free T were measured in sera obtained from 60 pregnant women with normal pregnancy (n = 38) and missed abortion (n = 22) at between 4 and 12 weeks' gestation. RESULTS: P, E2, total T, and SHBG in 22 patients with missed abortion were significantly lower than those in normal group, whereas % free T was significantly higher. There was a significant negative correlation between % free T and SHBG concentration in the normal group, but not in the missed abortion group. All the subjects in whom % free T was 1.30% and higher subsequently miscarried, but no subject with % free T less than 0.70% had a miscarriage. CONCLUSIONS: The lower the % free T, the lower the rate of subsequent abortion. The value of % free T may be able to predict pregnancy outcome in early pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Possible role of the adrenergic mechanism in gastric inhibitory polypeptide- and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide-induced insulin release in the rat.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide (GLP-1) are thought to be the most probable candidates for incretin. However, the precise mechanism of incretin effect is unclear. In the present study, to elucidate the possible role of the autonomic nervous system in incretin effect, the effects of atropine, propranolol, metoprolol, and phentolamine on GIP- or GLP-1-induced insulin release were investigated in the rat. The GIP-induced (2 or 20 micrograms) insulin release was partly inhibited by propranolol pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously [SC]), and GLP-1-induced (2 or 20 micrograms) insulin release was partly inhibited by propranolol or metoprolol (35 mg/kg SC). These results suggest that a beta-adrenergic mechanism may be involved in the incretin effect, probably through a modulating effect on GIP- or GLP-1-induced insulin secretion.
Animals↗
Computed tomography of the jaws in familial adenomatosis coli.
Familial adenomatosis coli is known to be associated with tooth impactions, odontomas, and osteomas. Three cases were examined by panoramic radiography and computed tomography. Computed tomography was especially useful for detecting osteomas in the maxilla and also revealed a wavy cortical thickening in the mandible in one instance. The latter finding has been reported for other bones in the body but not previously for the mandible.
Child↗
Endoscopic incision of persistent ureteral infoldings.
We report 2 cases of persistent ureteral infolding in a four-month-old infant and an eight-year-old boy, both presenting with hydronephrosis. Initial diagnostic evaluation showed multiple pleats in the upper ureter. Endoscopic incision of the pleats relieved hydronephrosis. The concept of persistent ureteral infolding seems to apply to these cases.
Child↗
Oral and facial lesions in Cowden's disease: report of two cases and a review of the literature.
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Adult↗
Natural course of jaw lesions in patients with familial adenomatosis coli (Gardner's syndrome).
Twenty-three patients suffering from familial adenomatosis coli (FAC) were followed for an average of 7 years (0.11-16.11 years). In 22 patients, jaw lesions including osteomas and/or odontomas were present at the first examination. In 12 patients, some changes occurred; that is, the number and size of the lesions increased. These findings indicate that changes of jaw lesions in FAC patients occur gradually even in adulthood.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
Light harvesting in photosystems I and II.
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Light↗
Increased formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, an oxidative DNA damage, in lymphoblasts from Fanconi's anemia patients due to possible catalase deficiency.
Fanconi's anemia (FA) cells are highly susceptible to both reactive oxygen species and mitomycin C (MMC), a DNA cross-linking agent. In this study we have determined the amounts of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), typical of oxidative DNA damage, in Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts from FA patients and normal controls by the use of HPLC combined with electrochemical detection. FA cells (HSC72 and 99 cells being assigned to FA complementation group A) formed 2-3 times more 8OHdG than control cells after incubation with 20 mM H2O2 at 37 degrees C for 30 min. FA cells also formed more 8-hydroxyguanosine, typical of oxidative RNA damage, than control cells. FA cells showed decreased activity to decompose H2O2. Although the activity in FA cells was only 20-30% less than control cells, the remaining, undecomposed H2O2 concentration was almost twice as much in FA cells as in control cells, and the remaining H2O2 concentration correlated well with the amounts of 8OHdG formation. The H2O2 decomposing activity was almost completely inhibited by sodium azide (NaN3) or aminotriazole, both catalase inhibitors. With these inhibitors the amounts of 8OHdG formation were much higher than in those cells without inhibitors, and were almost the same in control cells as in FA cells. Catalase activity in FA cell lysates was 70-80% of controls. MMC also increased 8OHdG formation in FA cells only at ED100 but not at ED50. These results indicate that FA cells, at least FA complementation group A cells, have increased susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage, and that this increased susceptibility is possibly due to decreased catalase activity. These results also suggest that catalase plays an important role in protecting DNA from oxidative damage. However, this increased susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage is considered not to be the major cause of the increased susceptibility to MMC.
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine↗
Effects of sleep interruption on body temperature in human subjects.
We interrupted the nocturnal sleep of human subjects for an hour and investigated the effect on body temperature (BT). The interruption elicited sleep onset rapid eye movement period (SOREMP). We compared the BT patterns obtained during nights with SOREMP at the second sleep onset (SOREMP nights) and those obtained during nights without SOREMPs (non-SOREMP nights) with those obtained during baseline nights. BT decreased markedly after sleep interruption on both SOREMP and non-SOREMP nights. It remained lower for 2 hours after the second sleep onset when compared with the corresponding period on the baseline nights. Consequently, the minimum BT was lower and the timing of the minimum was advanced when compared with baseline. The fall of BT after sleep interruption was not accompanied by any increase in slow wave sleep (SWS, stage 3 + 4) when compared with the baseline nights. Thus, we suggest that no direct relationship exists between the decrease of BT and the amount of SWS. On SOREMP nights, the fall of BT from lights-out to the second sleep onset was larger than on non-SOREMP nights. This lower body temperature at the second sleep onset may reflect the physiological background necessary for the appearance of SOREMPs.
Adult↗
Inhibitory effect of intraduodenal administration of somatostatin analogue SDZ CO 611 on rat pancreatic exocrine secretion.
The inhibitory effect of the intraduodenal administration of a new somatostatin analogue, SDZ CO 611 (SDZ), on pancreatic secretion was evaluated in the rat. The exocrine pancreas was stimulated by either intravenous infusion of both secretion (0.06 CU/kg/h) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) (0.03 microgram/kg/h) or intraduodenal infusion of oleic acid (0.25 mmol/h) or casein (200 mg/h). Intraduodenal administration of SDZ in three different doses, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg/h, resulted in dose-related inhibition of pancreatic secretion, including juice volume, bicarbonate, and amylase, stimulated by exogenous secretin and CCK. Intraduodenal oleic acid- and casein-induced increases in pancreatic secretion in terms of juice volume, bicarbonate, and amylase were also significantly suppressed by intraduodenal administration of SDZ in a dose of 2.0 mg/kg/h. Moreover, SDZ (2.0 mg/kg/h) significantly inhibited basal pancreatic secretion. It is concluded that the intraduodenal administration of SDZ inhibits pancreatic secretion stimulated by exogenous secretin and CCK-8 in physiological doses and by intestinal nutrients in the rat.
Animals↗
Epilepsies of neonatal onset.
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Brain Damage, Chronic↗
Mediators of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibition in the proximal, middle and distal regions of rat colon.
1. The mediators of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation of the longitudinal muscle of rat proximal, middle and distal colon were examined in vitro. 2. Electrical transmural stimulation (TMS) of proximal, middle and distal segments of rat colon induced NANC relaxations which were inhibited by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), but not by atropine (1 microM) or guanethidine (4 microM). 3. In the proximal colon, L-nitro-arginine (N5-nitroamidino-L-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid) inhibited the TMS-induced NANC relaxation and L-arginine (1 mM) reversed this inhibition. Nitric oxide (0.3-10 microM) induced relaxation of the proximal segment. 4. NANC relaxation of the proximal segments was still evident after desensitization to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). A VIP antagonist (VIP 10-28, 10 microM) had no effect on the TMS-induced NANC relaxation, which was also resistant to alpha-chymotrypsin (2 units ml-1) and a substance P antagonist ([D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]substance P, 1 microM). 5. In the middle colon, L-nitro-arginine did not inhibit the TMS-induced NANC relaxation in 6 of 9 preparations tested and partially inhibited the relaxation in the other 3 preparations. L-Arginine did not reverse the partial inhibition. 6. Complete desensitization to VIP was not achieved in the middle colon. The VIP antagonist had no effect on the TMS-induced NANC relaxation. After alpha-chymotrypsin treatment of the segment, desensitization of the segments to substance P, or in the presence of the substance P antagonist, the TMS-induced NANC relaxation was augmented. 7. In the distal colon, L-nitro-arginine did not have any significant effect on the TMS-induced relaxation and nitric oxide did not induce relaxation. The VIP antagonist significantly inhibited TMS-induced NANC relaxation. Alpa-Chymotrypsin-treatment of the distal segments resulted in significant inhibition of NANC relaxation. No desensitization to substance P was achieved. Treatment with the substance P antagonist had no effect. 8. These results suggest that nitric oxide is the mediator of the NANC inhibitory response in the proximal region of rat colon; in the middle colon, substance P acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter, antagonizing the NANC relaxation caused by the mediator of the response, which is still uncertain. Our results suggest that that VIP is the most likely candidate as a NANC transmitter in the distal colon.
Animals↗
Inhibition of rat acute inflammatory paw oedema by dihemiphthalate of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives: comparison with glycyrrhetinic acid.
The anti-inflammatory profile of dihemiphthalate compounds of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives in acute rat paw oedema induced by various vasoactive agents was compared with the parent compound. Three dihemiphthalate compounds (the di-sodium salt of 18 beta-olean-12-ene- 3 beta,30-diol di-O-hemiphthalate, 18 beta-olean-9(11),12-dione-3 beta,30-diol di-O-hemiphthalate and olean-11,13(18)-diene-3 beta,30-diol di-O-hemiphthalate), significantly inhibited development of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema during the first 3 h (ED50 70, 90, and 108 mg kg-1 respectively, p.o.), while glycyrrhetinic acid (ED50, 200 mg kg-1) showed a significant inhibition of paw oedema 3 h after carrageenan treatment. The dihemiphthalate compounds also suppressed mouse paw oedema induced by histamine, bradykinin, and PAF acether at doses of less than 100 mg kg-1. However, these compounds failed to inhibit 5-HT-induced mouse paw oedema. Glycyrrhetinic acid had little effect on mouse paw inflammation induced by the above irritants. The three compounds at 10(-7)-10(-4) M, inhibited histamine-induced contraction of guinea-pig isolated ileum. However, concentration-response curves to 5-HT and bradykinin were not affected by the same compounds. These results suggest that the dihemiphthalate compounds modulate vascular permeability caused by endogenous vasoactive agents as one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This action is quite different from that of glycyrrhetinic acid.
Animals↗
[A case of brain abscess due to Streptococcus sanguis in association with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas].
A case is reported here of brain abscess due to Streptococcus sanguis in association with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. A 19-year-old male who had been diagnosed in 1988 as pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas was admitted to our hospital for repeated epistaxis, headache, and vomiting. A brain abscess which was diagnosed using various roentogenologic examinations, worsened despite conservative therapy. Additional surgical drainage was performed; S. sanguis was isolated from the drainage fluid. After drainage, clinical symptoms gradually improved with no subsequent neurological deficits. We have formulated the following hypothesis regarding the mechanism of abscess formation in this case: S. sanguis invaded from a ruptured nasomucosal vein, forming a septic emboli in the blood flow, which passed through a pulmonary arteriovenous shunt and led to the formation of a brain abscess which established a metastatic presence in the cerebral tissue.
Adult↗
Expression and processing of prohormones in nonendocrine cells.
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin are initially synthesized as larger precursors that require posttranslational processing to produce the biologically active peptides. These steps include tryptic cleavage at paired basic residues, their subsequent removal by carboxypeptidase H, and formation of a carboxy-terminal amide moiety via the action of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). Although these posttranslational processing reactions are presumed to occur primarily in the secretory granule of endocrine cells, nonendocrine cells that do not possess these structures nevertheless are able to posttranslationally process a wide variety of proteins destined for export. In these studies we sought to determine whether the mechanisms for prohormone processing are present in nonendocrine cell lines. We examined two fibroblast cell lines (psi-2, BHK) a hepatocyte cell line (Hepa), and an exocrine pancreatic cell line (AR42J). We used the pZIPneo(SVX) retroviral vector to express cDNA clones encoding human PP and gastrin in the nonendocrine cells. Transfected psi-2, BHK, and Hepa cells produced a precursor of PP that appeared to be secreted constitutively, with little remaining in intracellular stores. Almost no posttranslational processing of the PP precursor was evident in these cells. By contrast, AR42J cells were capable of expressing and storing fully processed and carboxy-terminally amidated PP and gastrin. These data support the notion that the sorting mechanisms in endocrine and exocrine cells are similar and that the posttranslational processing of peptide hormone precursors requires storage in secretory granules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Postural changes in venous pressure gradients in anesthetized monkeys.
We examined the hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt produce a symmetrical hydrostatic load on the veins. Venous pressure was measured in anesthetized monkeys with a transducer-tipped catheter. Changes in venous pressure gradients during head-up tilt corresponded to changes in hydrostatic load. However, changes in venous pressure gradients during head-down tilt were not symmetrical to those during head-up tilt. During head-down tilt, venous pressure in the superior vena cava rose, venous pressure around the right atrium did not change, and venous pressure in the inferior vena cava on the caudal side of the diaphragm rose considerably. The venous pressure of the inferior vena cava caudal to the renal vein then gradually decreased. The inferior vena cava passes through the central tendon of the diaphragm. Thus, during head-down tilt, the gravitational shift of venous blood is impeded by this anatomic structure, and venous pressure around the hepatic vein increases significantly. These data disproved our hypothesis that head-up and head-down tilt induced symmetrical but opposite influences on vena caval pressures.
Anesthesia↗