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Biomedical subjects

T Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to T Takeda.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A case of Sjögren's syndrome with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia].

A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in January 1995 because of dry cough and dyspnea. A diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome with distal renal tubular acidosis and Hashimoto's disease had been made in 1984. Dry cough developed and a chest X-ray showed bilateral reticulo-nodular shadows in the lower lung field in 1992. Her symptoms had gradually became more severe and the reticulo-nodular shadows on her chest X-ray had spread to both upper lung fields. We performed transbronchial lung biopsy. Biopsy specimens showed lymphocytic infiltration of the aleveolar walls. These lymphocytes were almost CD3-positive and CD19-negative in immunohistopathological studies. CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells were present in almost equal numbers. A diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) associated with Sjögren's syndrome was made. The patient was treated with prednisolone, 40 mg daily. Her dry cough and dyspnea improved slightly but her chest X-ray remained unchanged. We suggest that immunohistopathological analysis of biopsy specimens may show a difference between lymphocytic infiltration of labial salivary glands and of the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Accuracy verification of a PSD-equipped camera-based photostereometric system developed for measuring cranial movements in six degrees of freedom.

The overall objective of this research is to develop a new type of X-ray television that allows quantitative analysis of jaw movement. Previous X-ray televisions require the patient's head to be held immobile in a normalized orientation by means of a positioning jig. This immobilization, however, is somewhat time consuming and also restricts natural jaw movements. In order to avoid these problems, we have been developing an automatic head-positioning system, consisting of two subsystems: a robotized chair and a head-position sensor. This paper describes the latter sensing subsystem and focuses on its measurement accuracy. To obtain the position and orientation of the head, two video cameras, equipped with a position-sensitive device (PSD), detect the three-dimensional positions of four non-coplanar LED markers mounted on the head. The position data obtained is then utilized to operate the robotized chair so as to hold the head in the same orientation. Accuracy verification study revealed that the overall error of the LED position lay within 1.56 mm (2.8% of total range of the motion. 55 mm) and the spatial resolution at all LEDs was 0.19 mm when using an averaging filter.

Calibration↗
PubMed1996

[Effect of superoxide production on nitric oxide release from the pulmonary vascular endothelium during reperfusion after warm ischemia].

It has been reported that reperfusion injury results in the diminished nitric oxide (NO) release from the pulmonary vascular endothelium. However, this mechanism is completely unknown. We examined the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on NO release at reperfusion. A rabbit lung was perfused with Krebs-Henselit buffer in a recirculation system. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) content in the lung effluent from the left ventricle was assayed in a time-dependent manner. In the control group, the lung was immediately perfused without interventing ischemia. In the warm ischemia and reperfusion group, the lung was reperfused after 30 min of warm ischemia. In the SOD group, SOD (60,000 U and 120,000 U) was administered at reperfusion after warm ischemia. The cGMP release in the warm ischemia and reperfusion group significantly decreased compared with the control group. In the SOD group, cGMP release was reversed with increasing doses of SOD, and the cGMP content was significantly reversed at all time points with SOD administration of 120,000 U. The impairement of cGMP release by reperfusion injury was restored by SOD administration. This data suggests that NO release from the endothelium may be quenched by superoxide anion generated at reperfusion. In lung transplantation, efforts must be pursued to preserve the endothelial function such as NO pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Postoperative continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a patient with myotonic dystrophy].

Patients with myotonic dystrophy present potential problems during and after anesthesia, especially respiratory dysfunction. A 42-year-old female with myotonic dystrophy associated with slight impairment of respiratory functions and muscular power, underwent abdominal total hysterectomy under epidural anesthesia uneventfully. To relieve pain after the surgery, a bolus of epidural morphine 2 mg was administered through an indwelling lumbar (L1-2) epidural catheter 30 minutes prior to the end of the surgery and followed with continuous epidural infusion of morphine at a rate of 0.083 mg.h-1 using a balloon (Multiday Infuser, Baxter) for three days. She obtained adequate analgesia after the surgery without respiratory depression or other major complications. We demonstrated that the continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a patient with myotonic dystrophy is safe and adequate for postoperative pain relief.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A pathomorphological study on damage and repair process of tubuli after renal ischemia].

To clarify the development of tubular necrosis and its healing process in ischemic renal failure observing degeneration, necrosis, cell proliferation and the involvement of apoptosis in the renal tubular epithelial cells before and after renal ischemia in rats through morphological examination. Eight week-old male rats were used for this study. The model for acute renal failure was by obstruction of bilateral renal arteries and veins for 45 minutes in several intervals (0 hr, 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 24hr, 48 hr, 96 hr, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks) each following reperfusion. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) levels were measured to evaluate renal tubular function. In evaluating tubular necrosis and cell proliferation, observations of renal tubular tissue were made serially by use of light microscopy and immunological staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), respectively. The number of nuclei in the proximal tubular epithelium/circumference of the basement membrane (n/BM index) was calculated using a tissue measuring device. Transmission electron microscopy and the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods were used as indices of apoptosis. Maximal BMG values were obtained 24 hours after ischemia when injury in the proximal tubular epithelium was most prominent. The maximal number of PCNA and BrdU-positive cells were obtained 24 hours after ischemia and thereafter gradually decreased. The n/BM index in the disorder group was significantly increased 96 hours and 1 week after ischemia (p < 0.001). Electron microscopy revealed nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis in the tubular area indicating that there were significant differences. The number of positive cells for in situ nick end labelling increased 24 hours and 2 weeks after ischemia, exhibiting a two peak curve. However, the number of positive cells significantly decreased 4 weeks after ischemia. In the proximal kidney tubules damaged by reperfusion after ischemia, epithelial hyperplasia developed 3 to 6 days after the most active period of S-phase cells was noted. Thereafter, a decreasing number of epithelial cells was observed. It seemed that the decreasing number of these cells had been produced by apoptosis detected 2 weeks after ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Multicystic encephalopathy with frontal lobe-originated gelastic seizure, ipsilateral oculogyric crisis, and horizontal epileptic nystagmus: an autopsy case].

Attacks of gelastic (laughing) seizure are usually reported as complex partial seizures of temporal lobe epilepsy and seizures associated with hypothalamic hamartomas, but are rarely reported as complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. We recently encountered a 29-year-old woman who had gelastic seizure attacks from age 17. She had shown severe mental retardation with cerebral palsy at 7 months, and entered precocious puberty at age 7. Attacks of gelastic seizure with ipsilateral adversive seizures, ipsilateral oculogyric crisis, and horizontal epileptic nystagmus were observed until her death at age 29. Each gelastic seizure lasted 1 to 10 minutes. Her laughing was very strong and loud. Interictal spikes were observed over the right fronto-parietal lobe, but no ictal spike was detected. The neuropathological examinations of her brain revealed no hypothalamic lesions such as hamartomas, gliosis, and distinct neuronal loss. Her brain was severely affected with multicystic encephalopathy, and the bilateral temporal lobe tissues were almost replaced by the cystic changes. The right frontal lobe and occipital lobe were not cystic. From the clinicopathological examinations, the focus of her gelastic seizure was considered to be of the right frontal origin. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus are major components of the limbic system, which is involved in affective emotions. Although the right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were completely lost, and those of the left hemisphere were almost completely lost, by the multicystic replacements in this case, the gelastic seizure attacks were evoked from right frontal origin. The frontal lobe may play an important role in motor expressions of laughing. The motor expressions of the loud and strong laughing may be one of the characteristic features of frontal lobe-originated gelastic seizure of this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid].

We treated two children with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in whom complete remission was successfully induced by oral administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We followed these patients with conventional chemotherapy. The first patient has remained in continuous complete remission. However, the other patient relapsed during the maintenance therapy and died of progressive disease in spite of a second treatment with ATRA and chemotherapy. From a clinical point of view, the latter case had a hyperleukocytosis on admission. Also morphologically speaking, this patient had a different M3 variant than the first case. There are two major isoforms of PML/RAR alpha transcripts, so called short and long type transcripts, according to the breakpoints in the PML genes. In the first case the "long type' isoform was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) amplification. On the other hand the "short type' isoform was observed in the latter case. Also the second case became PCR positive at relapse, although the detectable isoform was negative during remission. The "short type' isoform may be related to the poor prognosis and RT/PCR analyses may be a powerful to detect early relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Age-related changes in morphological studies in rat and human kidney].

There have been many reports on changes in renal morphology with aging. In this study, morphological comparisons were made on the influence of aging in humans and rats. Kidneys were obtained from 63 autopsies (except those from cases of tumor, severe cicatrization, and cysts 10 mm or more in diameter) performed on humans aged from 0 to 92 years, including 7 cases with a past history of hypertension; the findings were compared with those from 201 Wistar male rats aged three to 115 weeks. First, changes in renal weight and renal cortex width were investigated. Next, changes in renal morphology were examined by microscopy. Finally, after performing alcian-blue-PAS staining, the ratio of the intima/outer diameter (I/OD ratio) of renal blood vessel was measured under a microscope with an image analyzer, and the results compared. A decrease in renal weight was observed in humans from about 50 years of age, but there was no decrease in weight with aging among rats. While significant thickening in the vascular intima was observed with aging in humans, there was no such thickening among rats. Furthermore, the presence of hypertension caused renal cortex width to be significantly decreased in humans (p < 0.04). Findings of sclerogenous changes of the glomeruli, infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the stroma, and tubular casts were observed with aging in both humans and rats. In conclusion, arteriosclerosis apparently develops with aging in humans, suggesting that arteriosclerosis greatly influences the reduction of human renal weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Acute cardiac failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid antibody].

A 33-year-old man presented malar rash in April, 1992. The rash had gradually developed and he was admitted to our hospital in February, 1994. Laboratory findings showed proteinuria of 0.5-0.8 g/ day, thrombocytopenia (4.8 x 10(4)/mm3), false positive serologic test for syphilis, anti-nuclear antibody with a speckled type at a titer of 1 : 80. Activated partial thromboplastin time was prolonged (41.3 s), and anti-beta 2-GPI antibody was strongly positive (56.6 U/ml on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome was made and prednisolone 60 mg/day improved his manifestations. He could be discharged in July, 1994. Nine months after the discharge he developed dyspnea, and he was admitted to our hospital again. On admission the blood pressure was 212/170 mmHg, Levine III/VI systolic murmur was noted at the apex of heart. Significant laboratory findings showed as follows: WBC 15, 110/mm3 (Neu 73%, Lym 18%), RBC 380 x 10(4)/mm3, Hb 10.2 g/dl, Plt 20.0 x 10(4)/mm3, GOT 23 IU/l, GPT 21.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Structure determination of korepimedoside A and korepimedoside B from Epimedium koreanum Nakai].

Two new flavonol glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, they were elucidated as anhydroicaritin 3-O-beta-D-(6-acetyl) glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-(4-acetyl) rhamnopyranoside and anhydroicaritin 3-O-beta-D-(2, 6-diacetyl) glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-(4-acetyl) rhamnopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, which were named korepimedoside A and korepimedoside B respectively.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1995

Schizosaccharomyces pombe atf1+ encodes a transcription factor required for sexual development and entry into stationary phase.

We describe the identification and characterization of a transcription factor encoded by the atf1+ gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The factor Atf1, contains a bZIP domain at its C-terminus with strong homology to members of the ATF/CREB family of mammalian factors and in vitro binds specifically to ATF/CRE recognition sites. Furthermore the ATF-like binding activity detected in extracts from fission yeast cells is entirely lost upon deletion of the atf1+ gene. Upon growth to saturation, fission yeast cells exit the mitotic cycle and enter a G0-like stationary phase. However, on rich medium, entry of atf1- cells into stationary phase is restricted and they rapidly lose viability; this does not occur on minimal medium unless cAMP levels are raised. Thus stationary phase entry appears to be regulated negatively by cAMP and positively by Atf1. atf1- cells are also sterile and this sterility appears to be due to a combination of two defects: first, upon nitrogen starvation the majority of atf1- cells fail to arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and second, the induction of ste11+ expression is lost. Thus expression of ste11+ represents a second example of an event that is negatively regulated by the cAMP pathway and positively regulated by Atf1. Despite their close association however, these two regulatory pathways function independently and Atf1 activity is not directly modulated by cAMP levels or mutations that alter the activity of components of the cAMP signalling pathway. Thus Atf1 is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the response of cells to adverse environmental conditions, which is to exit the mitotic cell cycle and either sexually differentiate or enter a resting state.

Activating Transcription Factor 1↗
PubMed1995

Randomised trial of effects of interferon-alpha on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis.

Patients with chronic active hepatitis C and cirrhosis often develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Interferon (IFN) seems to be effective in some patients but whether it prevents carcinogenesis is unknown. In a prospective randomised controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of IFN-alpha in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection because of their high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. 90 patients with compensated chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis were randomly allocated to receive IFN-alpha (6 MU three times weekly for 12-24 weeks) (45 patients) or symptomatic treatment (45 controls), and were followed up for 2-7 years. In nine controls, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased to less than 80 IU/L but did not stay in the normal range. In 19 patients given IFN-alpha, ALT decreased to less than 80 IU/L (in seven patients, it became and stayed normal; p = 0.011, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). However, the mean change in ALT was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean change in peak alpha-fetoprotein values was smaller in patients given IFN-alpha than in controls (p = 0.021). The mean change in the serum albumin level was higher in the IFN-alpha group (p < 0.001). The histological activity index in the 12 IFN-alpha patients undergoing a second biopsy after therapy was improved (p = 0.031). Hepatitis C viral RNA disappeared in seven (16%) of the 45 IFN-alpha patients (95% CI, 7-29%) and in none of the 45 controls (0-8%; p = 0.018). Hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in two (4%, 1-15%) IFN-alpha patients and 17 (38%, 24-54%) controls (p = 0.002, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The risk ratio of IFN-alpha treatment versus symptomatic treatment was 0.067 (0.009-0.530; p = 0.010 Cox's proportional hazards). IFN-alpha improved liver function in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis, and its use was associated with a decreased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗