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T Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to T Takeda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Phyllodes tumor in epileptics: a report of two cases.

Phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast neoplasm characterized by a proliferation of both stromal and epithelial elements. In 1989, two young patients with phyllodes tumors were referred to our surgical department because of the detection of breast lumps. Interestingly, both patients also had epilepsy and had been taking anticonvulsants. An analytical case control study revealed that no significant difference between the control group and phyllodes group was found for various categories. In addition, no anticonvulsant medication had been prescribed in either the control group or the phyllodes group except for these two cases. We herein report two cases of phyllodes tumors occurring in two young epileptic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Increase in portal blood interleukin-6 soon after the commencement of digestive surgery.

To determine whether cytokines produced in the operative field during digestive surgery selectively spill over into the portal blood, the changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in portal and peripheral venous blood were assayed at several points in time from the commencement of surgery until 14 days later, in 11 patients. Similar changes in the IL-6 levels were observed in the portal and peripheral blood samples; however, the IL-6 levels in the portal blood reached a maximum 6-12h after the commencement of surgery, being earlier than in the peripheral venous blood. In fact, between 3 and 12h after the commencement of surgery, the IL-6 levels were higher in the portal blood by 33-81 pg/ml. By 24h or more after the commencement of surgery, the IL-6 levels did not differ significantly in the two types of blood samples. Moreover, the C-reactive protein levels 2 days after surgery were even more closely correlated to the maximum IL-6 levels in the portal blood than to those in the peripheral venous blood. These results suggest that IL-6 produced during intra-abdominal digestive surgery initially enters the portal blood, being trapped by IL-6 receptors in the liver, where it may regulate the synthesis of acute-phase proteins as a hepatocyte-stimulating factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of intraduodenal air insufflation on sphincter of Oddi motility in conscious dogs.

To investigate effects of intraduodenal air insufflation on sphincter of Oddi motility, manometric recordings were obtained during fasting from the sphincter and duodenum in four conscious dogs with duodenal cannula. At 40% of the mean cycle length of the migrating motor complex predetermined from baseline recording, 160 ml of air was injected into the duodenum. In both the sphincter and duodenum, air insufflation produced premature phase III-like activity in seven of 20 experiments (35%) or nonspecific excitatory reaction in eight (40%). In the remaining five experiments (25%), the sphincter exhibited a transient inhibitory response, while the duodenum showed the nonspecific excitatory reaction. Basal pressure of the sphincter increased immediately after air insufflation in 90% of the 20 experiments. The mean basal pressure increased from 12.3 +/- 1.6 mm Hg to 22.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg (P < 0.0001) and minimum basal pressure from 2.9 +/- 0.9 mm Hg to 4.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (P < 0.001). These results indicate that intraduodenal air insufflation does affect motility of the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum in conscious dogs.

Air↗
PubMed1996

Single oral dose of cisapride accelerates gastric antral emptying in healthy humans: an ultrasonographic study.

An ultrasonographic study of ten healthy volunteers was carried out to evaluate the effect of cisapride on gastric antral emptying. More than 1 week after the measurement of the baseline emptying rate, cisapride was given at a single oral dose of 5 mg 30 minutes before intake of a balanced liquid test meal (5 ml/kg body weight). To determine the time to half emptying (T1/2), an exponential curve was extrapolated for the elimination phase of the gastroantral sagittal cross-sectional area plotted against time. The T1/2 was reduced by 18.5% after cisapride, from 62.6 +/- 4.3 to 51.0 +/- 4.4 min (P = 0.0284). We conclude that a single oral dose of 5 mg of cisapride significantly accelerates the gastric antral emptying rate in healthy humans.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Effect of age and dietary protein level on tissue mineral levels in female rats.

Mineral (phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese) concentrations were measured in plasma, and several tissues from female Wistar rats (young: 3-wk-old; mature: 6-mo-old) were fed on a dietary regimen designed to study the combined or singular effects of age and dietary protein on mineral status. Three diets, respectively, contained 5, 15, and 20% of bovine milk casein. Nephrocalcinosis chemically diagnosed by increased calcium and phosphorus in kidney was prevented in rats fed a 5% protein diet. Renal calcium and phosphorus were more accumulated in young rats than mature rats. A 5% protein diet decreased hemoglobin and blood iron. The hepatic and splenic iron was increased by a 5% protein diet in mature rats but was not altered in young rats. Mature rats had higher iron in brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, and tibia than young rats. A 5% protein diet decreased zinc in plasma and liver. Zinc in tibia was increased with dietary protein level in young rats but was not changed in mature rats A 5% protein diet decreased copper concentration in plasma of young rats but not in mature rats. Mature rats had higher copper in plasma, blood, brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney than young rats. With age, manganese concentration was increased in brain but decreased in lung, heart, liver, kidney, and muscle. These results suggest that the response to dietary protein regarding mineral status varies with age.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Neuronal and vascular pathology produced by verocytotoxin 2 in the rabbit central nervous system.

To study the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement associated with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection, we developed an animal model by administering verocytotoxin 2 to rabbits either intravenously or intrathecally. After an interval of 2-9 days, the rabbits became paralyzed in a dose-dependent manner and in the absence of renal impairment. The minimal intravenous and intrathecal doses that produced these neurological signs were 250 and 0.4 ng/kg, respectively. After intravenous administration, most of the toxin was cleared from the serum within 24 h, with concomitant transition of a small amount into the cerebrospinal fluid. Pathological examination revealed that neurons in various CNS regions showed atrophy, cytoplasmic hyperchromasia and nuclear pyknosis as early as 6 h after administration. The distribution of affected neurons was constant and irrespective of the route of administration. Abnormalities of the blood vessels, such as the thickening of arterioles walls, were noted from 2 days after administration. The vascular lesions became more prominent after the intrathecal injection, which caused thrombosis and multiple infarction. Selective deposition of the toxin on the vessel walls was demonstrated immunohistochemically. Thus, the pathological manifestations of verocytotoxin 2 neurotoxicity consisted essentially of two types of lesions, early neuronal and late vascular, both of which might have developed under the influence of the toxin that had entered the CNS by crossing or circumventing the blood-brain barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Synthesis of glycopeptides with phytoalexin elicitor activity--III. Syntheses of hexaglycosyl hexapeptides and a nonaglycosyl hexapeptide.

A block synthesis of the model compound for the phytoalexin elicitor-active glycoprotein is described. Combination of the C-terminus free compounds, N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-O-(tert-butyl)-L-seryl-L-proline (1) or N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-g luc opyranosyl) -(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-->6) -(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-L-seryl-L-proline (2) with the N-terminus free compounds, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl -(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-L-seryl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-proline methyl ester (4), O-(tert-butyl)-L-seryl-L-prolyl-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D -glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl) -(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl- alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-L-seryl-L-proline methyl ester (6) or 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D- glucopyranosyl -(1-->6)-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-->6) -(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-L-seryl-L-prolyl -(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->6) -(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1-->6) -(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-L-seryl-L-proline methyl ester (8), by use of N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) gave three hexaglycosyl hexapeptides and a nonaglycosyl hexapeptide derivatives (9, 11, 14, and 17). These N-terminus free compounds were derived from triglycosyl tetrapeptides (3 and 5) or a hexaglycosyl tetrapeptide (7) on selective deblock reaction by morpholine. The hexaglycosyl hexapeptides (10, 13, and 16) and the nonaglycosyl hexapeptide (18) have been prepared by the convergent block synthesis.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of cytotoxic activity of the CD4+ T lymphocytes generated by local immunotherapy.

We previously reported that the anti-tumour effect of OK-432 is considerably enhanced by its intratumoral injection together with fibrinogen. In the present study, we generated killer T cells by culturing tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from thyroid cancer patients who had received this local immunotherapy. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the T cells were positive for CD3+, CD4+, Leu8-, CD45RO+ and T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha beta+, as well as showing strong surface expression of HLA-DR, CD25, LFA-1 and ICAM-1. The generated CD4+ T cells secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, and interleukin (IL)-6 (but not IL-4), and exhibited a high level of cytolytic activity against several tumour cell lines. The cytolytic activity of these T cells for Daudi cells was inhibited by preincubation with an anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 antibody, but not by preincubation with anti-TCR alpha beta, anti-CD2, or anti-LFA-1 antibodies. Pretreatment with anti-ICAM-1 antibody inhibited T-cell cytolytic activity, but not conjugation with target cells. In addition, incubation with immobilised anti-ICAM-1 enhanced the secretion of IFN-gamma by T cells. We conclude that ICAM-1 expressed on the effector cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes delivers regulatory signals that enhance IFN-gamma secretion.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

Expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) protein in clinical thyroid tissues.

p21 (WAF1/CIP1) protein expression in various thyroid tissues, including thyroid carcinoma, was studied by means of immunohistochemistry using anti-p21 monoclonal antibody. Normal follicles and hyperplasias rarely expressed p21, whereas immunohistochemically positive cells were also too rarely found in follicular adenomas to justify these cases being classified as positive. Twenty eight of the 93 carcinomas examined (30.1%), however, were positive for p21. Of the p21-positive cases, 80% of the undifferentiated and 28.6% of the poorly differentiated carcinomas showed lesions co-expressing p21 and p53. If diffuse immunoreactivity of p53 reflects the p53 mutation, our results indicate that p21 in these carcinomas can be induced by p53-independent as well as by p53-dependent pathways. On the other hand, well-differentiated carcinomas did not co-express these two proteins and it therefore remains unclear whether p53-independent or p53-dependent pathways are predominant in this type of carcinoma. The incidence of expression of p21 was very similar in undifferentiated (26.3%), poorly (28.0%) and well-differentiated carcinomas (32.7%), even though they are characterised by different degree of malignancy. Furthermore, no correlation between p21 expression and either clinical parameters or patient's prognosis could be established. These results suggest that p21 is only marginally related to the characteristics of thyroid carcinoma and can play only an adjuvant role in regulating the progression of this carcinoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography for observing biological soft tissues.

Biological soft tissues are almost transparent to hard X rays and therefore cannot be investigated without enhancement with a contrast medium, such as iodine. On the other hand, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is sensitive to light elements (1-8). This is because the X-ray phase shift cross section is almost thousand times larger than the X-ray absorption cross section for light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (4,5). Hence, phase-contrast X-ray imaging is a promising technique for observing the structure inside biological soft tissues without the need for staining and without serious radiation exposure. We have devised a means of observing biological tissues in three dimensions using a novel X-ray computed tomography (CT) by modifying the phase-contrast technique. To generate appropriate CT input data, we used phase-mapping images obtained using an X-ray interferometer (6) and computer analysis of interference patterns (9). Now, we present a three-dimensional observation result of a nonstained sample of a cancerous rabbit liver, using a synchrotron X-ray source. Phase-contrast X-ray CT was able to clearly differentiate the cancer lesion from the normal tissue. Moreover, fine structures corresponding to cancerous degeneration and fibrous tissues were clearly depicted.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Expression of thyroid peroxidase in EBV-transformed B cell lines using adenovirus.

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is thought to be one of the pathological antigens in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell lines (EBVL) can be used for antigen-presenting cells and target cells of cytotoxic T cells. To develop a model for endogenous TPO presentation in EBVL, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus carrying the TPO gene driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad5-TPO). Enzymatically active human TPO could be expressed in COS cells using Ad5-TPO. the peroxidase activity of the membrane extract from Ad5-TPO-infected COS cells was approximately 6 times higher than that from stably transfected TPO expressing CHO cells. TPO protein expression in the EBVL was analyzed by Western blotting technique. A band at approximately 110 kDa characteristic of hTPO was detected in EBVL infected with Ad5-TPO. hTPO expression in EBVL induced with adenovirus should facilitate understanding of T cell immunity to TPO in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1996

Adrenomedullin as a novel antiproliferative factor of vascular smooth muscle cells.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to examine whether adrenomedullin affects fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated proliferation in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Rat VSMCs were grown from explants of Sprague-Dawley rat aorta and were grown using the standard cell culture method. After incubation for 24 h with various concentrations of adrenomedullin in the presence of 5% FCS, trichloroacetic acid-insoluble tritiated thymidine was measured in a liquid scintillation counter. After incubation for 48 h, cell counts were performed. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Rat adrenomedullin exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of the FCS-stimulated increase in thymidine incorporation between 10(-7) and 10(-9) mol/l and of cell number at 10(-7) mol/l. However, the calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist human CGRP(8-37) abolished these antiproliferative effects of rat adrenomedullin. Inhibition by adrenomedullin of FCS-stimulated cellular proliferation was paralleled by an increase in the cellular level of cyclic AMP. 8-Bromocyclic AMP, a cyclic AMP analogue, and forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, inhibited the FCS-stimulated increase in thymidine incorporation and cell number. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that adrenomedullin inhibits FCS-stimulated proliferation in cultured rat VSMCs, probably through a cyclic AMP-dependent process. Taken together with the finding that adrenomedullin is synthesized in and secreted from vascular endothelial cells, adrenomedullin may play a role as an antiproliferative factor for VSMCs in a paracrine fashion.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1996

Characterization by Western blotting of mouse intestinal glycoproteins bound by Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin type I.

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin type I (LT-I)-binding galactoproteins, which were not recognized by cholera toxin, were detected in intestinal epithelial cells of BALB/c mouse by Western blotting. Inhibitory studies using lectins and modifications of sugar chain suggest that LT-I recognizes certain mucin-type sugar chains containing the terminal Galbeta1-3GalNAc sugar sequence in the galactoproteins. The terminal sugar sequence is identical to that of GM1 ganglioside, the well-documented functional receptor for LT-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological study of brain lesions in rabbits given intravenous verotoxin 2.

When rabbits were given intravenously purified verotoxin 2 (VT2) at 5 microg/kg of body weight, they developed hemorrhagic diarrhea, flaccid paresis, an ataxic gait, an opisthotonic posture, and convulsions. To examine the effects of VT2 toxemia on the rabbit central nervous system, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrastructural studies were performed. At 24, 57, and 80 h after injection of VT2 into 12 rabbits, T2-weighted images of the central nervous system were obtained. The initial lesion was noted at 24 h in the hypothalamic areas of all experimental animals. At 57 h, the T2 value increased in the medulla of the cerebral hemisphere or the hippocampus, with a brain stem lesion in six rabbits (50%). The rabbits with the brain stem lesions, in which neurological signs were very severe, died within 6 days. Lesions in the cerebellar hemisphere and/or vermis were noted in four rabbits (33%) that survived more than 1 month. To better understand the pathogenesis of VT2 in these brain lesions, we examined the deterioration of the blood-brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier by using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. The tracer was detected by electron microscopy both in the subendothelial layer, including the basal lamina, and throughout the cytoplasm of the ependymal cell layer covering the ventricle after intravenous or intrathecal treatment with horseradish peroxidase. We also determined the localization of VT2 by immunoelectron microscopy and found that it was localized on edematous endothelial cells of capillaries, ependymal cells, and myelin sheaths. The present study suggests that VT2 was conveyed from the endothelial and ependymal cell layers and caused edematous changes in the rabbit brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Temporal shifts in traits of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Calcutta: a 3-year (1993 to 1995) analysis.

This study presents results of a surveillance on cholera conducted with hospitalized patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, India, from January 1993 to December 1995. The O139 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae dominated in 1993 but was replaced by O1 as the dominant serogroup in 1994 and 1995. The isolation rate of V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 did not exceed 4.9% throughout the study period, while the isolation rate of the O139 serogroup in 1994 and 1995 was below 9%. No temporal clustering of any non-O1 non-O139 serogroup was observed. With the exception of 1 strain, none of the 64 strains belonging to the non-O1 non-O139 serogroup hybridized with ctx, zot, and ace gene probes, while 97.3 and 97.7% of the O139 and O1 strains, respectively, hybridized with all the three probes. Multiplex PCR studies revealed that all the O1 strains belonged to the EIT or biotype. There was a progressive increase in the cytotoxic response on CHO and HeLa cells evoked by culture supernatants of strains of V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 isolated during 1994 and 1995 compared with the response evoked by those isolated in 1993. Dramatic shifts in patterns of resistance to antibiotics between strains of V. cholerae belonging to different serogroups and within strains of a serogroup isolated during different time periods were observed. There was a discernible increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated in 1994 and 1995 compared with that in 1993. On the basis of the results of this study, we predict the possibility of newer variants of V. cholerae emerging in the future.

Drug Resistance, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae 01 serotype Inaba biotype El Tor associated with a cluster of cases of cholera in southern India.

Thirteen strains of Vibrio cholerae 01 belonging to the Inaba serotype El Tor biotype isolated from patients during an outbreak of cholera in the town of Warangal in southern India were found to be nontoxigenic (NT), since they did not produce cholera toxin or hybridize with DNA probes specific for cholera toxin, Zot, or Ace. The unheated and heated culture supernatants of the NT V. cholerae 01 evoked a rapid cell-rounding effect when introduced on confluent layers of CHO and HeLa cells which could not be inhibited by antiserum against known toxins. Culture supernatants of two representative NT V. cholerae 01 strains caused an increase in short-circuit current in rabbit ileal tissue mounted on an Ussing chamber, and the pattern of increase in short-circuit current was consistent with the presence of a quickly acting toxin like stable toxin. None of the strains of NT V. cholerae 01 hybridized with a DNA probe specific for the heat-stable enterotoxin of V. cholerae non-01, nor did the factor produced by NT V. cholerae 01 resemble the recently described heat-stable enterotoxin produced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as determine by a PCR assay. To our knowledge, this is the first report of NT V. cholerae 01 being associated with a cluster of cases of cholera, and it appears that a clone of NT V. cholerae 01 has the potential to cause localized outbreaks of cholera.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of loratadine, an H1 antihistamine, on induced cough in non-asthmatic patients with chronic cough.

BACKGROUND: H1 antihistamines have been shown to have an antitussive effect in patients with asthma, postnasal drip, and allergic rhinitis. No study has been performed to determine whether orally administered H1 antihistamines can reduce the number of coughs induced by stimulation of cough receptors in non-asthmatic patients with chronic dry cough. METHODS: The effect of loratadine (10 mg) on the number of coughs induced by ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (UNDW) was examined in 10 patients with nasal disease and in seven patients with unexplained chronic cough using a randomised, double blind crossover method. Eleven normal volunteers were also studied. Each subject inhaled UNDW for one minute, and the numbers of coughs during the one minute inhalation and the 30 seconds following it were counted. RESULTS: There was no difference in the results of pulmonary function tests performed before and one minute after UNDW inhalation for either patients or normal subjects. There was also no significant difference between the results of pulmonary function tests before or after oral administration of loratadine. Loratadine significantly reduced the number of coughs in patients with nasal disease and in those with unexplained chronic cough, but not in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The H1 antihistamine loratadine reduces cough induced by UNDW. The release of histamine may contribute to the chronic cough in patients with unexplained chronic cough or nasal disease.

Adult↗