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Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Involvement of GABA(B) receptor systems in action of antidepressants: baclofen but not bicuculline attenuates the effects of antidepressants on the forced swim test in rats.

Involvement of GABAergic systems in action of antidepressants was examined in the forced swim test in rats. Rats were forced to swim in a cylinder for 15 min on day 1 and for 5 min on day 2. Desipramine, mianserin and buspirone, administered after the 15-min swim session on day 1 and before the 5-min swim test on day 2, dose-dependently decreased the duration of immobility in the swim test on day 2. Baclofen attenuated the decreased duration of immobility induced by desipramine, mianserin and buspirone in the swim test, although baclofen did not affect the duration of immobility when it was injected alone. Muscimol dose-dependently decreased the duration of immobility in the swim test on day 2. Bicuculline antagonized the decreased duration of immobility induced by muscimol. However, bicuculline failed to antagonize the decreased duration of immobility induced by desipramine, mianserin and buspirone. These results suggest that GABA(B) but not GABA(A) receptor systems may be involved in action of antidepressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A new silicon detector telescope for measuring the linear energy transfer distribution over the range from 0.2 to 400 keV/micrometer in space.

A new telescope consisting of three two-dimensional position-sensitive silicon detectors which can measure the linear energy transfer (LET) distribution over the range from 0.2 to 400keV/micrometers has been developed as a real-time radiation monitor in manned spacecraft. First, the principle of LET measurement and its design method are described. Second, suitable electronic parameters for the LET measurement are experimentally determined. Finally the telescope performance is investigated by using, relativistic heavy ions. The first in-flight test of this type of telescope on the US Space Shuttle (STS-84) is scheduled for May, 1997.

Astronomy↗
PubMed1996

Granule-laden perivascular cells observed in rabbits with experimental cerebral atherosclerosis.

Granule-laden perivascular cells distributed around the fine vessels in brain of hypertensive rabbits fed a cholesterol diet were examined by electron microscopy. Perivenule granule-laden cells contained secondary lysosomes, residual bodies, Golgi vesicles, fusion vesicles, and vacuoles. In periarteriole granule-laden cells, secondary lysosomes and vacuoles were not prominent. Findings indicated that the granule-laden cell may be a histiocyte that appears during the vascular reaction to hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. This vascular reaction may occur more strongly in the veins than the arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Non-random chromosomal rearrangements and their implications in clinical features and outcome of multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia.

Rearrangements of bands 14q32.3 and 19p13.3 and preferential deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 were nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in MM and PCL, warranting further investigation at the molecular level. From the viewpoint of clinical relevance, chromosome 14q32 translocation seems to be associated with leukemic manifestation, level of LDH, and shorter survival period from the time of chromosomal analysis. However, these results were obtained from patients with advanced disease, most of whom had already been treated with alkylating agents prior to cytogenetic analysis. To investigate the karyotypes of MM in the early stage and to determine correlations with clinical features, non-dividing cells should be analyzed. For this purpose, interphase FISH and/or comparative genomic hybridization are promising procedures to detect genomic alterations in early multiple myeloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[201Tl SPECT for suspected lung cancer in a case of a systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration].

201Tl SPECT showed negative result for the presence of a malignant lesion in a 54-year-old male suspected with primary lung cancer on plain x-ray CT. Thin-section contrast x-ray CT and aortography revealed anomalous left lower pulmonary artery arising from the aorta which mimicked a pulmonary mass lesion in the initial study. 201Tl SPECT gave us a clue to the correct diagnosis.

Aorta↗
PubMed1996

Establishment of an in vitro cell derived from human angiosarcoma.

We have succeeded in the establishment of a human endothelial cell line derived from a human angiosarcoma. These cells grew as monolayers with a "cobble stone" morphology. The cells produced endothelin and showed Weibel-Palade bodies in their cytoplasm. These findings show that the cells have specific differenciated functions, and might be useful for both fundamental endothelial cell biology and biological investigation of angiosarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical evaluation of single-exposure dual-energy subtraction chest radiography: with FCR 9501 ES].

Using the one-shot energy subtraction method, we took chest radiography of 1,031 outpatients of Kanazawa University Hospital. Chest radiographs were taken with the FCR 9501 ES system, with patients upright. We studied the clinical efficacy of this diagnostic method. The method and usage procedures involved have been sufficiently technologically refined to permit handling of an adequate number of patients in a reasonable time at a permissible exposure dose. However, the system can be further improved technologically in order to obtain fully consistent high-quality images, regardless of the patient's physique. For well-rounded image reading, three kinds of images must be generated simultaneously: an original image; soft tissue (bone subtracted image) and bone (soft tissue subtracted image) Some soft tissue image were helpful for detecting non-calcified parenchymal nodules that overlapped the rib shadow, and some bone image served to precisely diagnose the existence of abnormal ribs, calcified lymph nodes, and calcified nodules. Furthermore, the bone images were helpful for revealing that the fine infiltrative shadows in the lung fields in original images were actually pleural calcifications and that the poorly defined nodular opacities were, in reality, abnormal rib calcifications. In light of the above, we wish to stress the importance of clinical efficacy of not only soft tissue images but bone images derived using the energy subtraction method. The clinical usefulness of this method was confirmed in 66 of 1,031 patients (6.4%) who had initially been scheduled for routine chest radiography. This result indicates how frequently the method encounters applicable cases when applied non-selectively to general patients who require radiographic chest examination. The advantages of this method will become much more evident with an examination protocol that minimizes unnecessary special examinations or optimizes the balance between screening and special examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Screening CT of the lungs: image quality compared with conventional CT].

More sensitive imaging methods may be required in the screening of early peripheral lung cancer. Among new radiologic techniques, helical volumetric computed tomography (CT) seems to be attractive. The image quality of helical CT with single breath-hold and low-dose technique (screening CT) was compared with conventional sequential CT in 12 patients to detect the pulmonary metastases. The screening CT protocol consisted of a 20 mm/sec table feed during a 20-second breath-hold at 40 mA, with reconstruction of images at 10 mm intervals. Conventional CT was performed with a 1-second scan time, 200 mA, and contiguous 10 mm-thick sections. In the evaluation of mediastinal vessels, bronchi and pulmonary nodules, screening CT showed high detectability images comparable to conventional CT. But subsegmental bronchi or small nodules overlapping pulmonary vessels were more difficult to visualize by screening CT because of image noise. The authors conclude that although further improvement is necessary, screening CT of the lung is an attractive new application of CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of beraprost sodium, a stable prostaglandin I2 analogue, on platelet aggregation in diabetes mellitus.

Test results concerning platelet behavior in vitro, particularly aggregation, are frequently abnormal in diabetic patients. The concept has therefore arisen that platelet hyper-reactivity is one factor contributing to diabetic microangiopathy. We report here the antiplatelet effect of beraprost sodium, a chemically stable prostaglandin I2 analogue made in Japan, in 6 diabetic patients. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (10 microM) after administration of beraprost sodium (40 micrograms every 8 h for 14 days) was significantly decreased as compared with levels before beraprost sodium administration. These results indicate the possibility that the occurrence of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus can be suppressed by long-term administration of beraprost sodium.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Penile tumescence in the human fetus at term--a preliminary report.

The aim of this study is to reveal whether the penis per se actually becomes tumescent and flaccid, in time sequence, in the human fetus at term. We observed the fetal penis with real-time ultrasonography in 50 male human fetuses at 36-39 weeks' gestation and measured the penile length once at a given time per 1-min epoch for each case during the 60-min window of examination. Thirty-eight were excluded due to a lack of continuous ultrasound visualization of the penis. Penile length changes were statistically analyzed for the remaining 12 fetuses using the 'least median of squares regression'. Penile length was seen to be significantly stratified into two groups: 22.5% at tumescence (group median = 20.8 mm) and 77.5% at flaccidity (group median = 16.0 mm). Penile tumescence was found to occur at the following frequency during the given observation period: once in 41.7%, twice in 50.0% and three times in 8.3% with durations ranging from 5 to 17 min. These findings indicate penile tumescence exists in the term fetus. The frequency and duration of penile tumescence are in good correlation with neonates.

Fetus↗
PubMed1995

Three-dimensional ultrasound image of the fetal stomach: congenital duodenal obstruction in utero.

To quantitatively characterize the stereographic stomach configuration in utero, 11 fetuses (subject-group) with congenital duodenal obstruction, diagnosed antenatally, between 29 and 37 weeks' gestation were studied. Also included were 879 uncomplicated fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation as a control-group. Applying the algorithm which we devised: "Modeling a three-dimensional shape from a silhouette by detecting symmetry", we reconstructed the three-dimensional stomach configuration from a two-dimensional ultrasound image for each case. The statistical differences in two parameters, stomach volume and sphericity, between subject- and control-group fetuses, were analyzed using the Grubbs-Smirnoff's test at corresponding gestational ages. From 29 to 37 weeks' gestation, the stomach volume in the subject-group fetuses was found to increase greatly with advancing gestation, having significantly higher values than the control-group fetuses, whereas the stomach sphericity remained unchanged with no significant differences from the control-group fetuses. These findings indicate that the fetal stomach with duodenal obstruction maintains almost the same three-dimensional portrayal in utero as that seen in uncomplicated fetuses, although the stomach becomes extremely enlarged.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Antenatal sonographic detection of the proximal esophageal segment: specific evidence for congenital esophageal atresia.

To determine the biologic significance of a transient anechoic area observed in the midline of the fetal neck when attempting an antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital esophageal atresia (CEA), a prospective study was made in 10 cases presenting both polyhydramnios and an unusually small stomach size due to a decrease in fetal stomach fluid. There were 8 cases indicating a transient anechoic area in the fetal neck, all of which were diagnosed as having CEA postnatally by plain roentgenogram, neonatal surgery, or autopsy findings. The remaining 2 cases had no CEA; one had Nager's syndrome and the other, a disorder involving neuronal migration in the central nervous system. These results suggest that an anechoic area in the middle of the fetal neck can be used as an indication of CEA and also for differentiating this condition from diseases with possible swallowing impairment.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1995

Clinicopathological study of primary malignant tumors of the lung: an analysis of 993 tumors resected at the Kanazawa University Hospital between 1979-1993.

A retrospective study was conducted of 993 malignant tumors of the lung in 977 patients. The male-female sex ratio was 2.6:1. The age distribution of the males did not differ from that of the females and the overall mean age was 64.3 +/- 9.5 years (range, 13-85 years). Forty-three percent of the patients were in their seventh decade. The location was peripheral in 81% of the tumors and central in 19%. Of the central tumors, 85% were squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma (SCC), while 58% of the peripheral tumors were adenocarcinoma (ADENO). In males, 49% of all tumors were SCC and 36% ADENO, while in females 76% were ADENO. The incidence of positive lymph node metastasis increased in parallel with the pT status in both central and peripheral carcinomas. However, it was noted that, of peripheral lung carcinomas, no SCC with a diameter of 15 mm or less had lymph node metastasis, whereas 18.9% of the ADENO of this size were positive for lymph node metastasis. These results indicate that lymph node metastasis can occur even in small-sized peripheral ADENO less than 15 mm. Thus, early detection and surgery together with mediastinal lymph node dissection are necessary even for small-sized tumors to improve the prognosis in patients with peripheral ADENO of the lung.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Clinical application of single dual-energy subtraction technique with digital storage-phosphor radiography.

We used a single-exposure dual-energy subtraction technique with a storage-phosphor computed radiography (CR) system to evaluate various pulmonary diseases. Clinical applications of this method have been studies at our institution. In our experience, the dual-energy subtraction technique provided better visualization of pulmonary nodules, tracheobronchial abnormalities, pulmonary vascular diseases, calcification in a nodule, and rib lesions than conventional CR images did. Single-exposure dual-energy subtraction images were obtained with a sandwich technique using two storage-phosphor imaging plates with a 1-mm-thick copper filter interleaved between the two. The front plate obtains a lower kilovoltage image, whereas the back plate obtains a higher kilovoltage image. We can visualize soft tissue and bone images as well as unsubtracted digital images by the subtraction process.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Breech presentation: is there a difference in eye movement patterns compared with cephalic presentation in the human fetus at term?

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to characterize eye movement patterns in the human fetus at term persisting in breech presentation. STUDY DESIGN: Studied were 11 fetuses in breech presentation and 12 in cephalic presentation at 36 to 41 weeks' gestation, of which the presentation remained unchanged from 32 weeks' gestation until delivery. With real-time ultrasonography we analyzed three measurements by means of the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test: (1) duration of eye-movement and no-eye-movement periods, (2) frequency of eye movements, and (3) proportion of horizontal, vertical, and oblique eye movements. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the eye movement directions between breech and cephalic fetuses: horizontal (median 70.3% vs 80.2%), vertical (17.4% vs 11.0%), and oblique (13.1% vs 9.1%), respectively. No differences were noted in the duration of eye-movement and no-eye-movement periods or in the frequency of eye movements. CONCLUSION: Eye movement pattern, in direction, of term fetuses persisting in breech presentation run on a different in-utero developmental course of neural control from those in cephalic fetuses.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1995

The mechanism of interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with elastic fibers.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic hydrophobic ligand, is known to alter the mechanical properties of elastic fibers. In order to analyze the mechanism of the alteration, two forms of fibrous elastins, "solid" and "powder" elastins, which consisted of fascicular elastic fibers and single or oligomeric elastic fibers, respectively, were prepared from bovine aorta, and the interactions of SDS with these elastins in the presence and absence of 0.15 M NaCl were studied. The solid elastin was able to retain 1.2- to 1.4-fold larger amounts of SDS than the powder elastin under both conditions, and both elastins retained 1.2-fold or larger amounts of SDS in the presence of NaCl than in its absence. Whereas both elastins released the retained SDS gradually on repeated washing with an SDS-free buffer, the release rates from the solid elastin, especially the rate in the presence of NaCl, were much smaller than those from the powder elastin, and the solid elastin retained approximately 40% of the bound SDS under conditions where the powder elastin lost most of its SDS. The SDS-binding capacities of both elastins were significantly lower than those of soluble kappa-elastin and serum albumin, which bound SDS homogeneously on the polypeptide chains. When the washed SDS-bound solid elastin was incubated with methylene blue and examined under a microscope, most of the methylene blue-SDS complex was located at the interfiber spaces of the elastic fibers. These results suggest that SDS alters the mechanical properties of elastic fibers by binding to the interfiber spaces and surfaces of the fibers rather than by binding to the internal polypeptide chains.

Animals↗