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Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Risk factors of atherosclerosis and aortic pulse wave velocity.

Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive technique that can estimate aortic stiffness or organic change quantitatively. The authors examined the correlation between age and the PWV value in 113 subjects and also examined the relationship between atherosclerotic associated diseases and PWV. A positive correlation was observed between age and the PWV value. No significant difference was found in the PWV value between groups with and without risk factors of atherosclerosis. No significant difference was observed in the PWV value between groups with and without a history of atherosclerotic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

mRna expression and transport characterization of conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell lines; a new in vitro BBB model for drug targeting.

Brain capillary endothelial cell lines (TR-BBB) were established from a recently developed transgenic rat harboring temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (ts SV 40) large T-antigen gene (Tg rat) and used to characterize the endothelial marker, transport activity, and mRNA expression of transporters and tight-junction strand proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These cell lines expressed active large T-antigen and grew well at 33 degrees C with a doubling-time of about 22-31 hr, but did not grow at 39 degrees C. TR-BBBs expressed the typical endothelial marker, von Willebrand factor, and exhibited acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake activity. Although the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in TR-BBBs was approximately 13% of that of the brain capillary fraction of a normal rat, it was localized in the apical side, suggesting that it reflects the functional polarity of the in vivo BBB. The mRNA of tight-junction strand proteins such as claudine-5, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecule are expressed in TR-BBB13. Drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 170 kDa was expressed in all TR-BBBs and mdr 1a, mdr 1b, and mdr 2 mRNA were detected in TR-BBBs using RT-PCR. Moreover, mrp1 mRNA was expressed in all TR-BBBs. Influx transporter, GLUT-1, expressed at 55 kDa was revealed by Western blot analysis. It had 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) uptake activity which was concentration-dependent with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 9.86 +/- 1.20 mM. The mRNA of large neutral amino acid transporter, which consists of LAT-1 and 4F2hc was expressed in TR-BBBs. In conclusion, the conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell lines (TR-BBB) had endothelial makers, expressed mRNA for tight-junction strand proteins and the influx and efflux transporters and produced GLUT-1, which is capable of 3-OMG transport activity.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed2000

[Three cases of metastatic breast cancer, resistant to pre-chemo and/or endocrine therapy, markedly improved with UFT and cyclophosphamide oral combination therapy].

The cases of 3 female patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with oral UFT and cyclophosphamide (CPA) are reported. Patient 1 had lymph node and bone metastases. Patient 2 had bone metastasis. Patient 3 had skin, lymph node, and peritoneal metastases. All had a history of mastectomy and chemo- and/or endocrine therapy for metastatic lesions. Patients 2 and 3 had also undergone CAF combination chemotherapy. However, the lesions did not change. UFT 400 mg and CPA 100 mg, everyday, were administered to patient 1. UFT 400 mg and CPA 100 mg, 2 weeks, and UFT 400 mg, 2 weeks, were given every 4 weeks to patient 2. UFT 300 mg and CPA 150 mg, 6 weeks per 8 weeks were given to patient 3. Improvements in the metastatic lesions were seen 4 weeks after the beginning of UFT and CPA therapy. Therapy is now continuing, and no patients had a progression of the disease. All had leukopenia 2 or 4 weeks after the beginning of this therapy, and two temporarily stopped the therapy. No other side-effect was observed. Oral UFT and CPA combination therapy was considered useful for metastatic breast cancer. To prevent leukopenia and prolong the term of treatment efficacy, a treatment regimen will need to be established.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[Detection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by line probe assay (LiPA)].

A recently described reverse hybridization-based line probe assay is used for the rapid detection of the mutations in the rpoB genes of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for the identification of the M. tuberculosis complex. A multicenter study that included 5 laboratories was performed to evaluate the line probe assay in comparison with the in vitro susceptibility test. A total of 406 mycobacteria isolates which were composed of 103 rifampin-resistant and 230 rifampin-susceptible M. tuberculosis isolates, and 73 mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (MOTT), were subjected to this study. All 333 M. tuberculosis isolates were discriminated correctly from MOTT bacilli by a line probe assay. Concordance rates with sequencing results for five wild-type probes (S probes) and four specific mutations (R probes) for detecting the mutations in the rpoB genes were both 100%. The overall concordance rate with the in vitro susceptibility testing results was 98.5% (328 of 333 isolates). These results indicate that a line probe assay kit may be useful for the rapid diagnosis of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed2000

[Current spread of HPN and its forecast--especially in the dual therapy of HPN and HOT].

In 1999, Terumo's home healthcare network 'Home-Joint' managed more than 1,000 patients who underwent home parenteral nutrition (HPN). This spread of HPN led some patients to undergo another home medical treatment during the same period. This report evaluates the patients who underwent dual home therapy (HPN and HOT: home oxygen therapy) in comparison with patients who underwent HPN only. 1. Single HPN patients in 1999. Number: 1,034 (male 57%), age: 1-99 (mean 65, 43% over 70), diagnosis: cancer 52%, therapeutic periods: 1-437 days (mean 81). 2. Dual HPN-HOT patients in 1999. Number: 27 (male 70%), age: 44-94 (mean 75, 70% over 70), diagnosis: cancer 59%, therapeutic periods: HPN 1-388 days (mean 91), HOT 1-827 days (mean 99). 3. Adoption of dual HPN-HOT therapy. It is suggested that the dual HPN-HOT therapy may be adopted for at least the following two types of patients. 1) Pulmonary failure with HPN, 2) Malnutrition on HOT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A new translocation, t(2;4;12)(p21;q12;p13), in CD7-positive acute myeloid leukemia: a variant form of t(4;12).

We describe a 41-year-old man with CD7-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M0) with trilineage-myelodysplasia. Chromosome analysis of the bone marrow cells showed 46.XY.t(2;4;12) (p21;q12;p13). Cytological and clinical features of our case were quite similar to those of AML with t(4;12)(q11-12;p13). The karyotypic interpretation was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by using the whole-chromosome painting probes specific for chromosomes 2, 4, and 12. FISH analysis with the use of the YAC 936e2 probe, which covers the TEL gene, did not show the split signal, suggesting that a gene other than TEL was involved in the leukemogenesis of the present case. Our case with AML with t(2;4;12)(p21;q12;p13) appears to be the first case of a variant type of AML with t(4;12) (q11-12;p13).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

The GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP36742 improves learned helplessness in rats.

Effects of 3-aminopropyl-n-butyl-phosphinic acid (CGP36742), a GABA(B) receptor antagonist, in the learned helplessness paradigm were examined in rats in comparison with those of imipramine and endo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]oct-3-ol indol-3-yl-carboxylate hydrochloride (ICS205-930). Rats were treated with CGP36742, imipramine or ICS205-930 for 14 days. On day 14, the rats were subjected to 90 inescapable shocks. On day 15, the rats received the 40-trial escape test. The inescapable shocks increased escape failures in the escape test. CGP36742, imipramine and ICS205-930 dose-dependently improved the escape failures induced by the inescapable shocks. Baclofen attenuated the escape failures-improving effect of CGP36742, imipramine and ICS205-930. Although the action of imipramine and ICS205-930 was attenuated by 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG), mCPBG failed to influence the CGP36742 action. Therefore, it is suggested that CGP36742 may have an antidepressant profile and that the mechanisms of CGP36742 in antidepressant action may be different from those of imipramine and ICS205-930.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Olivary degeneration after intracranial haemorrhage or trauma: follow-up MRI.

We studied serial MRI appearances of transneuronal degeneration in the inferior olives, retrospectively analysing follow-up images of five patients, three with head injury and two with brain stem haemorrhage. We performed 13 MRI studies 4 days to 2 years 7 months after the accident. All but one of the patients exhibited bilateral olivary high signal on T2-weighted images. The interval between causal event and appearance of olivary changes was 2-4 months, images 4 days to 1.5 months after the accidents revealing no changes. Olivary enlargement was observed in four patients 2-4 months after ictus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effect of stress on atopic dermatitis: investigation in patients after the great hanshin earthquake.

BACKGROUND: Although a variety of factors are responsible for atopic dermatitis (AD), very little is known about the effect of stress caused by a natural disaster on AD symptoms. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the effect of stress or trauma on the symptoms of AD. METHODS: One thousand four hundred fifty-seven patients with AD (745 males and 712 females), diagnosed by using the criteria of the Japanese Dermatology Association, were enrolled in the study. The data were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire given to patients with AD after experiencing the Great Hanshin Earthquake. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: area A, severe damage to buildings and houses; area B, mild damage; and control area, no damage. RESULTS: Exacerbation of skin symptoms was found in 38% and 34% of patients in areas A and B, respectively, whereas similar exacerbation was seen in 7% of control patients. Nine percent and 5% of the patients in areas A and B, respectively, showed improvement in their symptoms compared with 1% in the control group. The earthquake caused stress in 63% and 48% of the patients in areas A and B, respectively, but fewer patients felt stress in undamaged areas (19%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that of the factors examined here, subjective distress is the factor that is most responsible for the exacerbation of skin symptoms (odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 2.25-3.96). CONCLUSION: The results presented here strongly suggest that stress caused by a natural disaster influences AD symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

New tissue substitutes representing cortical bone and adipose tissue in quantitative radiology.

To employ quantitative radiology more accurately, we examined phantom materials for cortical bone and adipose tissue as calibration standards and as experimental phantoms. New tissue substitutes for cortical bone and adipose tissue composed of liquid phantom were verified by computing their attenuation coefficients and observing their chemical properties. We showed that a potassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) solution for cortical bone was comparable to a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) solution. Also, the use of methyl alcohol for adipose tissue was more suitable than ethyl alcohol as a phantom material because of its physical and chemical properties.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Interaction between fibronectin and eosinophils in the growth of nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine roles of fibronectin and eosinophils in the etiology of nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a cohort study of cases with nasal polyposis. Sampled nasal polyps were differentiated by their histopathologic characteristics, and compared by size and computed tomography (CT) stage. METHODS: The size of nasal polyps was determined on the basis of the endoscopic findings, and the extent of sinusitis was evaluated by CT staging. Nasal polyp samples were taken from 82 patients during ethmoidectomy and differentiated by morphologic characteristics, infiltration cell types, or fibronectin positivity. Then their sizes and CT stages were compared. In addition, correlation among these histological characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS: Nasal polyps showing edematous morphology, eosinophil infiltration, or fibronectin expression were significantly large in size. Concerning CT stages, only the infiltration cell type showed a significant difference. Significant correlation among edematous morphology, eosinophil infiltration, and fibronectin expression was also recognized. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that interaction between eosinophils and fibronectin may play a role in edema formation, which contributes to the growth of nasal polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

In vivo anatomical analysis of arterial contact with trigeminal nerve: detection with three-dimensional spoiled grass imaging.

The purpose of this study was to review the normal in vivo neurovascular relationship between the trigeminal nerve and surrounding arteries without the use of volunteers. 290 nerves in 145 cases were reviewed during a 1-year period. Axial source images and multiplanar reconstructed (MPR) images were used to determine the neurovascular contact and direction of contact. Multiplanar volume reformation (MPVR) was used to identify the contact vessels and to demonstrate the relationship between the nerve and arteries. Vascular contact was found in 29% of the 290 nerves (83 nerves). The arteries involved were the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) or the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). Vascular contact with two arteries was found in 3%. Of the 286 asymptomatic nerves, the nerve was located between the two vessels in 3% and compression was seen in 1%. Three points of vascular contact by the two arteries were identified in one asymptomatic nerve. The direction of contact between the SCA and the nerve was superior (38%), superomedial (32%) or medial (15%) in most cases. The direction of contact between the AICA and the nerve was inferior, inferolateral or lateral in all cases. Vascular contact at the root entry zone (REZ) was noted in 90%. Four nerves were affected by trigeminal neuralgia, one of which touched an artery and two were compressed. It was concluded that arterial contact can be assessed without difficulty but evaluation of vascular compression is not easy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Correlation between the blood supply and grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis: evaluation by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between the intranodular blood supply revealed by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium, mainly using helical CT, and the grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis as classified by the International Working Party of the World Congress of Gastroenterology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 201 histologically proven nodules (101 resected and 100 biopsied nodules), including 47 low-grade dysplastic nodules (low-DNs), 56 high-grade dysplastic nodules (high-DNs), 24 well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (wd-HCCs), and 74 moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs (mp-HCCs), in 139 cirrhotic patients. Findings on CT during arterial portography (n = 201) and CT during hepatic arteriography (n = 74) were reviewed and compared with the histologic diagnosis. RESULTS: CT findings were classified into four types relative to the surrounding liver: type A (isodense), type B (slightly hypodense), type C (partially hypodense), and type D (markedly hypodense) on CT during arterial portography and type I (isodense), type II (hypodense), type III (partially hyperdense), and type IV (hyperdense) on CT during hepatic arteriography. On CT during arterial portography, the distributions of each type were low-DN (n = 47 [A, n = 36; B, n = 8; C, n = 3]), high-DN (n = 56 [A, n = 18; B, n = 20; C, n = 10; D, n = 8]), wd-HCC (n = 24; [B, n = 4; C, n = 13; D, n = 7]), and mp-HCC (n = 74 [D, n = 74]). On CT during hepatic arteriography, the distributions were low-DN (n = 26 [I, n = 18; II, n = 7; III, n = 1]), high-DN (n = 19 [I, n = 6; II, n = 7; III, n = 4; IV, n = 2]), wd-HCC (n = 15 [I, n = 1; III, n = 8; IV, n = 6]), and mp-HCC (n = 14 [IV, n = 14]). We found a statistically significant correlation between the four types and the grade of malignancy of these nodules. CONCLUSION: Findings on CT during arterial portography and CT during hepatic arteriography correlated positively with histologic grading when overlap in appearance between dysplastic nodules and HCCs occurred. The concept revealed in this study can apply to diagnoses made on the basis of Doppler sonography, dynamic CT, and MR imaging.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Causative organisms of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in children and their susceptibility of oral beta-lactam antibiotics].

The clinical efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI) was evaluated for 43 pediatric patients with acute otitis media or acute sinusitis. The causative organisms were identified and their susceptibilities to 6 oral beta-lactam antibiotics were measured; ampicillin (ABPC), cefaclor (CCL), cefdinir (CFDN), cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI), cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) and cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR). The ages of 43 patients were distributed from 4 months to 10 years and 7 months, and especially children under 4 years accounted for 72% (31 cases). In 22 cases (51%), Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae were identified as the pathogens, but in 18 cases, no causative organisms were defined. Treatment by CDTR-PI was successful in 12 cases out of 15 evaluable cases in which H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae were identified as the main causative organisms. From the susceptibility testing of them, some strains of H. influenzae were found to be ABPC-resistant and some strains of S. pneumoniae were benzylpenicillin (PCG)-resistant. To support above clinical evaluation of CDTR-PI, susceptibility testings on clinically isolated H. influenzae (81 strains) and S. pneumoniae (79 strains) were performed using above mentioned 6 oral beta-lactam antibiotics. The MIC80s against H. influenzae were; CDTR-PI 0.06 microgram/ml, CCL 2 micrograms/ml, CPDX-PR 0.125 microgram/ml, CFTM-PI 0.03 microgram/ml, CFDN 1 microgram/ml and ABPC 1 microgram/ml. Those against S. pneumoniae were; CDTR-PI 0.5 microgram/ml, CCL > 4 micrograms/ml, CPDX-PR 2 micrograms/ml, CFTM-PI 1 microgram/ml, CFDN 2 micrograms/ml and ABPC 1 microgram/ml. From those results, it was concluded that CDTR-PI or CFTM-PI may be preferable for the treatment of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Role of Candida allergen in atopic dermatitis and efficacy of oral therapy with various antifungal agents].

We studied whether fungal allergens play a role in exacerbating the clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD). We found that the percentage of the patients who showed CAP-RAST positive (2 < or = score) to Candida albicans (Ca) was significantly higher in the patients with severe symptoms and high serum IgE level than those with mild symptoms and lower IgE. This was also true for the patients with CAP-RAST positive to Pityrosporum ovale (Po). AD patients with their symptoms localized to head and neck showed significantly higher tendency to have positive CAP-RAST (2 < or = score) to Ca and Po when compared to those with their eruption distributing to the extremities. We then evaluated the efficacy of oral therapy with antifungal agents in 140 cases of refractory AD with positive CAP-RAST to Ca. Good or excellent response was obtained in 60% with fluconazole, 35% with itraconazole, 31% with amphotericin B, 28% with nystatin. The present finding that amphotericin B and nystatin, both of which are not absorbed through intestine, were effective for approximately a third of the patients indicates that Ca in the intestine plays an important role in triggering AD symptoms. Fluconazole was more effective than amphotericin B and nystatin, suggesting that fungal colonizing in other parts of the body but the digestive tract also play a role in the exacerbation of AD symptoms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

[Recent spread of home parenteral nutrition in Japan--the view of an HPN managing company].

Terumo Corporation has developed a nation wide home healthcare management system "Home-Joint," which helps hospitals to safely discharge patients early. Recently, this system mainly has been adopted with HPN (home parenteral nutrition) patients. This report evaluates 472 HPN patients who underwent the "Home-Joint" program in 1998, and also presents some issues from the standpoint of a HPN managing company. I. Profiles of HPN patients Number: 472 (female 43%, male 57%) Age: 1-104 (47% patients over 70) DIAGNOSIS: cancer 54%, others 25%, unknown 21% Infusion devices: ambulatory pump 85%, stationary pump 15%, gravity none. Therapeutic periods: average 65.6 days (1-437) for 300 patients who completed the program. II. HPN trends from 1997 to 1998 1. Increase in patients directly supported by hospitals. 2. Wider patient variation: increase in patients under 70 years old, in non-cancer patients and in longer periods (longer than 2 months). III. Issues 1. Development of hospital-clinic-pharmacy local relationship. 2. Development of devices for easier infusion control. 3. Evaluation of HPN outcome for patients' QOL and for cost-effectiveness. HPN is becoming a popular home healthcare therapy in Japan, and it requires higher level of performance by medical staff and managing companies.

Cooperative Behavior↗