Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

515 records · Page 29Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

MR of acoustic neuromas--relationship to cranial nerves.

In this report, the relationship of acoustic neuromas to the adjacent cranial nerves is discussed. On T1-weighted images, the trigeminal nerve was detected in all 13 cases. Mild to marked compression of these nerves by the tumors was observed in eight cases. The extent of compression did not always correspond to the clinical symptoms. In four cases with a maximum tumor diameter of 2 cm or less, the 7th and 8th cranial nerves were identified. There was no facial palsy in these patients. Two patients with a tumor diameter of more than 2 cm also had no facial palsy. All patients, including those with small tumors, complained of hearing loss and/or tinnitus. While MR imaging has some limitations, it is an effective imaging modality for showing the relationship between tumors and nerves.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT of follicular adenoma in the thyroid gland.

Computed tomography was performed in 27 lesions of follicular adenoma. About half of them showed heterogeneous low density areas due to retrogressive changes, especially internal hemorrhage. Seven out of 12 lesions whose contours were poorly defined had chronic focal thyroiditis of the adjacent thyroid gland. Internal hemorrhage was another cause of indistinct contour in two lesions. We stress that CT features of follicular adenomas are modified by their retrogressive changes and inflammation of the adjacent gland.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography during arterial portography in idiopathic portal hypertension.

Computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography was performed in two cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Multiple patchy low-density areas with unclear margins and abnormally short distances between some of the medium-sized portal branches and the liver surface were demonstrated. These findings were distinctly different from those of liver cirrhosis. CT during arterial portography was useful for differentiating IPH from liver cirrhosis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in ten patients with intracranial lymphoma. Seven were pathologically confirmed and three were clinically diagnosed. Nineteen lesions were found among the ten cases. None had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or had received immunosuppression therapy. Two lesions were in the lateral and third ventricles, and the others were predominantly in the corpus callosum, deep white matter, or central gray matter. Four patients had multiple lesions. All had mild to severe edema. On T1-weighted images, all lesions showed hypointensity. On T2-weighted images, three lesions showed definite hypointensity to gray matter, and the others showed hyperintensity. The contour of all lesions was well demarcated from the surrounding edema. Eight cases were scanned before and after intravenous administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadolinium-dimethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), and all exhibited homogeneous enhancement. Three cases showed blurred enhancement margins. Four cases showed hemorrhage, and the frequency of hemorrhage was higher than in previous reports. Pathological examination was performed in seven cases. All showed dense concentric lymphoma cells without necrosis. There was no pathological difference between the hyperintense and hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Right perirenal biloma due to a common bile duct stone: CT demonstration.

Most reported extrahepatic bilomas have been located around the liver, especially in the intraperitoneal cavity. A case of a right perirenal biloma due to a common bile duct stone is presented. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed extravasation of bile from the branch in the caudate lobe. CT accurately demonstrated the fluid around the inferior vena cava and in the right perirenal space, which indicated continuity of the liver and right perirenal space.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Small giant cell carcinoma of the lung diagnosed preoperatively by transthoracic aspiration cytology. A case report.

Giant cell carcinoma (GCC) of the lung is considered an aggressive form of lung cancer. Most patients with GCC have large tumors with widespread metastases on hospital admission. We describe a small GCC in the lower lobe of the right lung. Preoperative aspiration cytology showed numerous bizarre, giant epithelial cells, highly suggestive of GCC. The resected tumor measured 1.2 x 1.0 x 0.7 cm in diameter, with an ill-defined margin. Histologically the tumor was composed of pleomorphic mononucleate or multinucleate giant cells without adenocarcinoma or squamous cell differentiation. The tumor cells were loosely organized and noncohesive or free in the alveolar space. The histology was interpreted as GCC of the lung. The clinicopathologic features of giant cell carcinoma are discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR diagnosis of myelofibrosis.

We present a case of secondary myelofibrosis in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributed to the diagnosis. On both T1- and T2-weighted images, bone marrow showed hypointensity. However, since blood transfusion therapy was performed prior to MRI, it was necessary to differentiate fibrosis from siderotic marrow. On gradient echo (GRASS) images, bone marrow also showed hypointensity, but not as prominent as that seen in siderotic marrow. After intravenous administration of gadolinium-dimethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), enhancement of the marrow space may be induced by a fibrous change of the marrow. MR findings were confirmed by histological examination of the biopsy specimen.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic granuloma with progressive calcification: CT appearance.

Calcification in the liver is uncommon but not rare in clinical practice, and may be caused by many pathological conditions. We report a patient with hepatic mass on abdominal sonogram and CT scan. The mass was shown as a hypoechoic lesion on abdominal sonogram and as a well-marginated hypodense mass on pre- and postcontrast CT. Inflammatory granuloma was diagnosed by pathological examination following percutaneous needle biopsy. A follow-up precontrast CT scan was performed 22 months after the initial examination, and the hepatic granuloma could be the cause of hepatic parenchymal calcification.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of the histological effects and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy on gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The surgical results for patients with stage IV gastric cancer are very poor. This study was performed to clarify the morphologic changes and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the stage IV gastric cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with stage advanced gastric cancer were treated with preoperative PMUE therapy by a combination use of cisplatin 75 mg/m2, mitomycin C 10 mg/body, etoposide 150 mg/body and UFT 400 mg/day. Among them, 32 patients underwent gastrectomy. Resected specimens were precisely examined histologically, and the histologic changes were correlated with clinical response and survival. RESULTS: Histologic manifestations of neoadjuvant chemotherapy included coagulation necrosis of cancer cell, appearance of the giant cell with foamy degeneration, extracellular mucin pools, aggregates of foamy histiocytes and/or stromal fibrosis. Histological responses were obtained in 24 (75%) of 32 primary tumors, 13 (81%) of 16 liver metastases, 20 (76%) of 28 lymph node metastases and 3 (18%) of 17 peritoneal disseminations, respectively. Clinical responses were observed in 21 (49%), but there was no statistical survival difference between clinical responders and nonresponders. In contrast, histologic responders survived significantly longer than non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the grading of the histologic changes is a good prognosticator of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and yields an important information for the selection of postoperative chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase for predicting early stage diabetic nephropathy.

We studied urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy in 27 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with a microalbumin level below 20 mg on 24-hour urine sample. Microalbumin and NAG excretion were measured in 24-hour urine samples collected on three separate occasions within seven days of admission. Creatinine clearance was determined simultaneously. There was a significant negative correlation between the creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary NAG (r = -0.38, p < 0.05). Elevation of urinary NAG may indicate decreased renal function during early stage NIDDM nephropathy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas--intraluminal ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Many patients with mucin-producing pancreatic tumor, characterized by dilatation of the pancreatic duct, are diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography in a mass ultrasonographic survey in Japan. It is a necessary and reliable method for making a precise diagnosis and for deciding on the treatment approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is appreciated as a useful method for precise diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) is expected to be a new modality for the more detailed diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic ultrasonography and intraductal ultrasonography were performed in 23 patients with mucin-producing pancreatic tumor. The differences in ultrasonographic findings between benign and malignant tumors were studied. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic findings of mucin-producing pancreatic tumor revealed by EUS and IDUS were: cystic lesion, mural nodule in the cystic lesion, wall thickness of the cyst, mucus echoes, and solid tumor with a mixed echo pattern. Seven out of 11 patients with mural nodule were diagnosed as carcinomas and another 4 patients had adenoma. Seven of 8 patients with mucus echoes were diagnosed as carcinoma. Three of 4 patients with solid tumor were diagnosed as invasive carcinoma. The ultrasonographic findings suggesting malignancy were: mural nodule, irregular wall thickness, mucus echoes, and solid tumor with a mixed pattern. Solid tumor indicated invasive carcinoma exclusively. CONCLUSIONS: Intraluminal ultrasonography, EUS and IDUS are very useful in making a differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors in mucin-producing pancreatic tumors.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗