Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Diagnosis and screening of small hepatocellular carcinomas. Comparison of radionuclide imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography, hepatic angiography, and alpha 1-fetoprotein assay.

Twenty-nine small (less than 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas in 18 patients were examined by radionuclide imaging (RN), ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), hepatic angiography, and serum alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) assay. Sensitivity was 39% with RN, 50% with US, 56% with CT, and 94% with angiography, including infusion hepatic angiography (IHA). Lesions larger than 3 cm could be detected by all of these methods; those between 2 and 3 cm were generally shown by US and CT but not RN. IHA was essential for diagnosis of lesions less than 2 cm, which were otherwise difficult or impossible to detect except with angiography. As a screening method, AFP was best, followed by US and CT. The authors recommend using AFP and US to minimize expense and radiation exposure. In questionable cases, IHA should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftizoxime (author's transl)].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime (CZX), and obtained the following results. 1. The antibacterial activities of CZX were measured by plate dilution method against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. CZX inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations less than 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the peak of sensitivity distribution was obtained at 3.13 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the peak sensitivity distribution of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were obtained at less than 0.1 microgram/ml and that of P. aeruginosa was obtained at 6.25 micrograms/ml. 2. Phagocytosis was determined by Quie's method. Phagocytosis of E. coli and K. pneumoniae by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil was more enhanced in the presence of 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC of CZX than of CEZ at 4 and 6 hours after incubation. 3. As for pharmacokinetic study, CZX was given by intravenous injection and drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of CZX, the mean peak serum levels were 19.1 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml and 69.1 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, and half-life times were 1.20 hours and 1.35 hours, respectively. After 1 hour drip infusion of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of CZX, the mean peak serum levels were 28.8 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml and 60.9 +/- 5.9 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, and half-life times were 1.40 hours and 1.77 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates were between 75.3% and 101% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and drip infusion. 4. CZX was given to 4 cases with tonsillitis, 3 with pneumonia, 1 with enteritis, 4 with U.T.I., totaling 21 cases. A daily dose of CZX between 350 mg and 2,000 mg was given for 3 to 5 days. Clinical results obtained were good in all cases. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in neonates].

The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime was investigated in neonates. The following results were obtained. 1. The peak serum concentration of cefotaxime, seen 15-minutes after a single intravenous of 20 mg/kg, was 51.6 +/- 9.3 mcg/ml by bioassay. After 6 hours the mean serum concentration decreased to 5.6 +/- 3.1 mcg/ml. Concentrations obtained by HPLC paralleled those determined by bioassay. The peak serum concentration of the desacetyl metabolite was attained 30 minutes to 2 hours after injection. The mean serum desacetyl metabolite concentration was about 1/2.5 times higher than the cefotaxime concentration. The half-life was inversely related to the age of the neonates, decreasing to 1.64 hours on day 11 postpartum. 2. Serum concentrations determined by bioassay and HPLC after administering a dose of 10 mg/kg of cefotaxime by 30-minute intravenous drip infusion were comparable. The peak serum concentration at the completion of intravenous drip infusion was 21.0 mcg/ml by bioassay. The half-life of cefotaxime was 2.85 hours. The peak serum concentration of the desacetyl metabolite, seen at the completion of intravenous drip infusion, was about 1/2 times that of the peak cefotaxime concentration. 3. The peak serum concentration at the completion of a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg displayed a mean value of 33.5 +/- 10.3 mcg/ml by bioassay. After 6 hours the mean serum concentration was 4.0 +/- 1.0 mcg/ml. The peak serum concentration of the desacetyl metabolite, seen at the completion of infusion to 2 hours thereafter, was equivalent to about 1/2.2 the peak cefotaxime concentration. 4. Mean urinary excretion rate of cefotaxime in 2-day-old neonates was 23.4% by bioassay 6 hours after a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of 10 mg/kg. The mean urinary excretion rate of the desacetyl metabolite was 8.7%. Mean 6-hour excretion rates in 2-day-old and 4-day-old neonates administered 20 mg/kg of cefotaxime by 30-minute intravenous drip infusion were 6.2% and mean 37.7%, respectively. The corresponding values for the desacetyl metabolite were 2.4% and 12.4%, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in the pediatric field].

Antimicrobial, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefsulodin (CFS) was made and the following results were obtained. 1. Antimicrobial activity of CFS against P. aeruginosa was similar to a little lower than that of GM. Antimicrobial activity of CFS against S. aureus was similar to that of SBPC and against E. coli CFS showed lower antimicrobial activity. 2. Twenty or 50 mg/kg CFS was administered by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Average serum levels at the completion of the infusion were 35.1 +/- 8.0, 114.5 +/- 36.1 micrograms/ml and 1.6 +/- 0.7, 4.5 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours afterward with the half life times of 1.50, 1.29 hours respectively. In case of 12.1 mg/kg 1 hour intravenous drip infusion, peak serum level was 13.4 micrograms/ml at the completion of infusion, and the concentration in the sputum was 1.0 micrograms/ml at 5 hours after completion of infusion. Average serum levels of CFS by one shot infusion of 20 mg/kg were 58.4 +/- 6.8 micrograms/ml, 2.7 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 6 hours after injection respectively. Half-life time was 1.54 hours. Average urinary excretion rates of CFS were 64.4%, 64.2% and 48.9% up to 6 hours after 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg CFS and one shot intravenous of 20 mg/kg CFS respectively. 3. CFS was administered to 2 pneumonia cases caused by P. aeruginosa, i.e. one was 15 years and 11 months old male accompanying bronchial asthma and the another 4 years old male with LENNOX syndrome. Neither bacteriological nor clinical efficacy was, however, observed. Side effect as well as bacterial superinfection were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the pediatric field].

The authors have carried out laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) and obtained the following results. 1. Absorption and excretion of MOM. MOM was administered orally to 4 patients at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the fasting condition. The peak of serum levels was found at 30 minutes after administration. The mean values were 1.3 +/- 0.5 microgram/ml, and 1.1 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes and 1 hour respectively. The serum levels were detectable in 2 cases after 2 hours (1.0 and 0.78 microgram/ml), in 1 case after 4 hours (0.78 microgram/ml) and were not detectable in all cases after 6 hours. Half-life was able to calculate in 2 cases (2.5 and 1.5 hours). The mean urinary recovery rate examined in 3 cases was 0.33% for initial 6 hours. 2. Clinical result. MOM was administered to 35 children at a daily dose of 16.7--51.1 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses for 4 to 19 days: 18 cases with bacterial infection (9 cases with tonsillitis, 7 cases with scarlet fever and each 1 case with bronchitis and pneumonia) and 17 cases with Mycoplasma infection (5 cases with bronchitis and 12 cases with pneumonia). The overall clinical response was good in 28 cases (80.0%), fair in 6 cases and poor in 1 case. The efficacy rate in bacterial infections and Mycoplasma infections were 66.7 and 94.1% respectively. Eight strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae were isolated from 9 cases. One strain of S. pyrogenes was eradicated and the others were unchanged. The eradication rate was 11.1%. The MIC of MOM against S. pyogenes was above 50 micrograms/ml in 3 strains out of measured 5 isolated strains. 3. Side effect. Side effects were examined with all the 54 cases involving 19 drop-out cases. Although clinical side effects were not observed, a mild elevation in GOT and a mild rise in eosinophil were observed in 2 cases and 1 case respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Basic and clinical studies of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)].

The basic and clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM) in pediatric infections were carried out, and the following results were obtained: 1. The antibacterial activity of CTM against S. aureus was equal or slightly less than that of cefazolin (CEZ). Those of CTM against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were eight times more active than those of CEZ. 2. CTM 20 mg/kg was administered wither by 30 minutes or 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. The peak serum levels were obtained at the end of each drip infusion, with the mean peak levels being 44.8 and 41.4 mcg/ml respectively. The serum levels at 1.5 and 2 hours after drip infusion were 2.8 and 2.2 mcg/ml respectively, and at 3.5 and 4 hours after drip and 4 hours after drip infusion were 0.3 and 0.7 mcg/ml respectively. The half lives were 0.62 and 1.15 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion over 6 hours were 52.8% in ;the 30 minutes drip infusion group and 42.6% in the 1 hour drip infusion group. 3. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in sixteen cases suffering from tonsillitis (4 cases), pneumonia (4), bronchitis (2), cervical lymphadenitis (2), purulent meningitis (2), suppurative arthritis (1) and suspected sepsis (1). Good and excellent responses were obtained in 15 of 16 cases (93.8%). Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted in 4 of 6 cases. Side effect observed was rash in 1 case, and laboratory abnormalities were elevation of BUN in 1 case and elevation of GPT in 2 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies of 6059-S in pediatric field (author's transl)].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of 6059-S. The results were as follows: The sensitivity was estimated by the plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus, 26 strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, 21 strains of Salmonella sp. and 9 strains of GM resistant P. aeruginosa isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The growth of 80.8% of E. coli was inhibited at concentration of less than 0.1 microgram/ml. The growth of 88.5% of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentration of less than 0.2 microgram/ml. The growth of 81.0% of Salmonella sp. was inhibited at concentration of less than 1.56 microgram/ml. The distribution of sensitivity of P. aeruginosa was 12.5- greater than 100 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 25.0 micrograms/ml. The distribution of sensitivity of GM-resistance P. aeruginosa (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) was 12.5-50 microgram/ml and 5 of 8 strains were inhibited at concentration of less than 25 micrograms/ml. Phagocytosis was determined by Quie's method. Phagocytosis of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter cloacae by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil was more enhanced in the presence of 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC for 6059-S than for cefazolin at 4 and 6 hours after incubation. But phagocytosis of S. aureus did not enhanced in the presence of 6059-S. 6059-S was given by intravenous administration for 5 minutes and drip infusion for one hour at a single dose of 10 mg/kg of 6059-S to 3 and 4 children respectively. After intravenous administration of 6059-S, the mean peak serum level was 76.0 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 36.0 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml at one hour, 1.5 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml at 6 hours respectively. Half-life time was 1.3 hours. And after drip infusion of 6059-S was 39.9 +/- 9.7 micrograms/ml at one hour, 11.7 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and 1.8 +/- 1.4 micrograms/ml at 7 hours respectively. Half-life time was 1.4 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 90.4 +/- 6.1%, 76.5 +/- 16.0% up to 6 hours after intravenous administration and drip infusion respectively. 6059-S was effective in 17 cases out of 18 cases with bacterial infections. No side effects were observed except for 4 cases with elevation of serum transaminase, each on case of eosinophilia and of anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (author's transl)].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (CDX). The results were as follows; The sensitivity was measured by plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus and E. coli, 26 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 3.13-12.5 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 3.13 microgram/ml and 6.25 microgram/ml, of E. coli was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. And the distribution of sensitivity of K. pneumoniae was 6.25-25 microgram/ml and its peak was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. CDX were given orally at dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children. The serum levels of CDX were 10.5 +/- 1.78 microgram/ml, 15.8 +/- 3.25 microgram/ml, 12.0 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml and 3.9 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours after administration respectively, and was 2.3 +/- 0.48 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The urinary excretion rate was 55.6% up to 8 hours after administration. CDX were administered to 39 cases of pediatric infectious disease (26 cases with tonsillitis, 5 cases with enterocolitis, 3 cases with UTI, 2 cases with impetigo, each one case with bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis and epididymitis). And CDX were given 25.0-65.2 mg/kg daily. Clinical results obtained were above good in all cases. No side effects were observed in any cases, except for one case, with diarrhea, 6 cases with the elevation of serum transaminase and 1 case with eosinophilia.

Bacterial Infections↗