Interleukin-1 receptors: cloning studies and role in central nervous system disorders.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Takao
Publications and source records attributed to T Takao.
Breast reconstruction after mastectomy without additional scarring: application of endoscopic latissimus dorsi muscle harvest.
Breast reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi muscle flap combined with a saline-filled implant was performed. Using an endoscope, additional operative scarring due to muscle harvesting was avoided. The operative techniques were easier than usual endoscopic surgery because most of the procedures were performed under direct vision. The procedures are presented in this article.
Adult↗
Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma complicated by chronic renal failure. Case report and review of the literature.
A 61-year-old Japanese woman was hospitalized because of general malaise. The patient demonstrated hypertension, hypokalemia and chronic renal failure (CRF). Plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary excretion of aldosterone were elevated. Abdominal computed tomographic scan revealed right adrenal tumor and multiple cysts in both kidneys. Adrenal scintigram using 131I-adosterol disclosed uptake of the isotope in the area corresponding to the adrenal tumor. Plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity (PRA) in an upright posture and daily variations in adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone levels and PRA were compatible with aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma. After administration of spironolactone and manidipine hydrochloride, a calcium antagonist, general malaise disappeared, and blood pressure and serum potassium level returned to the normal range without adrenalectomy. Although adrenalectomy is known to be effective for the treatment of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma, several papers reporting cases of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma with CRF indicated that surgical therapy was not always optimal in terms of postoperative conditions. Taken together, the conservative therapy may be one of the choices considering the prognoses of hypertension and renal dysfunction in patients with aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma with CRF.
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
A case of Gitelman's syndrome with chondrocalcinosis.
A 45-year-old Japanese woman, treated for Bartter's syndrome for 14 years, presented with complaints of numbness in her extremities and polyarthralgia. She was diagnosed to have Gitelman's syndrome with chondrocalcinosis, which were effectively treated with spironolactone and magnesium supplementation. Gitelman's syndrome is a primary renal tubular disorder characterized by hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria with normal calcemia. The persistent hypomagnesemia is one of the causes of chondrocalcinosis, and many cases of Bartter's syndrome with hypomagnesemia are associated with chondrocalcinosis attributed to a tubular magnesium defect. We summarize the reported cases with Bartter's syndrome and chondrocalcinosis, referring to the possibility of Gitelman's syndrome.
Bartter Syndrome↗
[Surgical treatment for primary lung cancer in octogenarians: the role of limited operations].
34 octogenarians out of 1,214 cases treated surgically for primary lung cancer in our unit between 1957 and 1996. 12 patients underwent limited operation because they had one or more risk factors besides their age actor. We could suppress postoperative complications in octogenarians. 5-year survival rate in octogenarians was comparable to that in younger patients. The octogenarians underwent limited operations were better than those had lobectomies in 5-year survival rate and postoperative quality of life. So our surgical strategy for primary lung cancer in octogenarians was evaluated to be appropriate. However, we should improve the radicality of limited operation furthermore because 5-year survival rate for stage I non-small cell lung cancer was poor in octogenarians than in younger patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Clinical experience of ileal neobladder for bladder cancer].
Between June 1993 and July 1996, an ileal neobladder was created in 20 patients after total cystectomy for bladder cancer. The mean post operative follow-up period was 32 months, with a range of 9 to 47 months. Ureteroileostomy was performed using the Le Duc-Camey procedure. There were 3 (15%) early postoperative complications, which were all of transient urine leakage from the neobladder. Late complications were encountered in 6 patients (30%), which were of stenosis of ureteroileal anastomosis in 2 (10%), stone in the neobladder in 2 (10%), neobladder-cutaneous fistula in 1 (5%) and neobladder-ureteral reflux in 1 (5%). Reoperation was necessary in 4 patients (20%); 2 for stenosis of ureteroileal anastomosis and 2 for removal of a stone in the neobladder. No urethral recurrence has been noted. Local recurrence occurred in 2 patients, who died of tumor progression 16 and 27 months postoperatively. All 20 patients were continent during the day time (100%), while 2 (10%) had nocturnal incontinence.
Adult↗
Structure of a covalently cross-linked form of core histones present in the starfish sperm.
The post-translational modification of core histones plays an essential role in chromatin remodeling processes. We recently reported the occurrence of a novel histone modification, involving a epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-link between a glutamine residue of histone H2B and a lysine residue of histone H4 in the testis of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera[Shimizu, T., Hozumi, K., Horiike, S., Nunomura, K., Ikegami, S., Takao, T., and Shimonishi, Y. (1996) Nature 380, 32]. In order to determine the complete structure of the modified histone heterodimer, p28 from both testis and sperm was purified. p28 was digested with Achromobacter lyticus protease I or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease to give proteolytic fragments that were separated by HPLC. Amino acid analysis, sequencing, and mass spectrometric analysis of the fragments showed that the amino acid sequences of these fragments are identical to those of both histones H2B and H4, except for two NH2-terminal peptides obtained by digestion with A. lyticus protease I. One of the peptides, K8, was identical to that reported previously, and the other was a here-to-fore unidentified peptide, which was designated K10. Amino acid and positive-ion FAB-MS/MS analyses of K10 showed that it to be a fragment, derived from Gly8-Lys10 of histone H2B and Gly9-Lys16 of histone H4. The yields of K8 and K10 were calculated to be 47 and 42%, respectively, expressed as the percent of the total amount of p28 used in the experiment. Based on these data, the structure of p28 was determined to be a heterodimer, composed of histones H2B and H4, formed through a transglutaminase-catalyzed acyl transfer reaction between Gln9 of histone H2B and Lys5 or Lys12 of histone H4.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical responses to single vs. repeated endotoxin lipopolysaccharide administration in the rat.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the alteration in the HPA axis responsiveness and brain corticosteroid receptor levels during long-term administration of LPS has not been studied well. The present study was designed to examine the effect of single vs. repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) LPS injection on the HPA axis and brain corticosteroid receptor levels in male Wistar rats. In addition, c-fos mRNA expression was examined in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and brainstem catecholaminergic nuclei such as the locus coeruleus (LC) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the sites known to be involved in LPS-induced HPA axis stimulation. Rats that had received i.p. LPS injection for 6 consecutive days (6-LPS group) had similar levels of plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) compared to animals that had received i.p. saline (6-saline group). A single injection of LPS to the 6-saline group (6-saline + challenge) resulted in a substantial increase in plasma ACTH and CORT at 2 h, whereas an additional injection of LPS to the 6-LPS group (6-LPS + challenge) showed less of an increase. As determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary (AP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in the PVN were higher in the 6-LPS than in the 6-saline group. A single injection of LPS to the 6-saline group resulted in a significant increase in AP POMC mRNA and PVN CRH mRNA at 2 h, while injection of LPS to the 6-LPS group showed no additional increase in these levels. C-fos mRNA expression was prominent in the PVN, LC, and NTS following a single injection of LPS, but not following repeated LPS injection. These results suggest that stimulatory input into the PVN decreased following repeated LPS injection. Furthermore, type II glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA levels in the 6-LPS and 6-LPS + challenge groups were decreased in the hippocampus, but not in the PVN or AP. Adrenalectomy with 40% CORT pellet replacement restored ACTH responses following repeated LPS injections to levels similar to those following a single LPS injection. Decreased hippocampal GR mRNA may contribute to the elevated PVN CRH mRNA levels in the 6-LPS group. Nevertheless, inhibition of the pituitary ACTH response by glucocorticoids and reduced hypothalamic drive are partly responsible for decreased pituitary-adrenal responsiveness following repeated LPS injection.
Animals↗
The oxidation of selenocysteine is involved in the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by nitric oxide donor.
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was inactivated by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide donor (Asahi, M., Fujii, J., Suzuki, K., Seo, H. G., Kuzuya, T., Hori, M., Tada, M., Fujii, S., and Taniguchi, N. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21035-21039). The structural basis of the inactivation was studied. We also show that 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide, a peroxynitrite precursor, as well as synthetic peroxynitrite also inactivated bovine GPx. The degree of incorporation of a sulfhydryl reagent, n-octyldithionitrobenzoic acid, into GPx decreased after pretreatment with SNAP as evidenced by mass spectrometry. To identify the modification site of this enzyme by SNAP, both SNAP-pretreated and untreated GPxs were reacted with n-octyldithionitrobenzoic acid and digested with lysylendopeptidase, and the resulting peptides were subjected to mass spectrometry. This technique identified a bridge between two peptides, one of which contains Sec45 at the catalytic center and Cys74, and the other contains Cys91. Although there are two possible combinations, selenocysteine 45 (Sec45) and Cys91 or Cys74 and Cys91, the tertiary structure of GPx indicates that a cross-link between Sec45 and Cys91 is more feasible. This is consistent with the experimental evidence that SNAP specifically inactivates GPx, in which Sec45 forms the catalytic center. Thus, we conclude that SNAP mainly oxidized Sec45 to form a selenenyl sulfide (Se-S) with a free thiol, leading to the inactivation of the enzyme. These data suggest that nitric oxide and its derivatives directly inactivate GPx in a specific manner via the production of a selenenyl sulfide, resulting in an increase in intracellular peroxides that are responsible for cellular damage.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Accurate peptide sequencing by post-source decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Partial 18O-labeling of peptides has been applied to post-source decay experiments in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ions which originate from the carboxyl terminus of a peptide partially retain 18O atoms which have readily been incorporated into the C-terminal carboxyl groups during enzymatic hydrolysis in a buffer containing 40 atom percent H218O. The isotopic resolution of singly charged precursor ions and their product ions obtained for peptides up to ca. 2800 Da has been achieved using the delayed extraction method, which permits the rapid identification and assignment of the 18O-labeled and non-labeled ion species in the PSD spectra. The results obtained from several 18O-labeled peptides, derived from an enzymatic digest, demonstrate the accuracy and reproducibility of the present method, which will be in widespread use for protein identification via database searching or for investigations of totally unknown proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Endotoxin induced increases in rat plasma pituitary-adrenocortical hormones are better reflected by alterations in tumor necrosis factor alpha than interleukin-1beta.
In order to assess the relative cytokine contribution to endotoxin stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion, we measured plasma levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in rats. LPS administration induced robust increases in both plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels at 3 h after i.p. injection; while ACTH decreased towards control levels, corticosterone remained at peak concentrations at 6 h after LPS injection. Basal levels of plasma IL-1beta were below the sensitivity of the ELISA and basal levels of plasma TNF alpha were 0.25+/-0.12 pM. Small but highly variable non-significant increases in plasma IL-1beta levels were seen at 3 h and 6 h after injection of LPS. The lack of functional consequences of the small increases in IL-1beta levels was demonstrated by unchanged levels of [125I]IL-1alpha binding in liver at 3 h after LPS injection. In contrast, dramatic increases in plasma TNF alpha concentrations were observed at 3 h and decreased to non-injected control levels at 6 h after LPS injection. There was a significant positive correlation between ACTH and TNF alpha after LPS injection, while no correlation was seen between ACTH and IL-1beta. These data demonstrate differential regulation of IL-1beta and TNF alpha by endotoxin treatment and suggest that TNF alpha may be a more potent mediator of LPS-induced ACTH secretion in rat.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Differential regulation of type-1 and type-2alpha corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat.
Novel corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR), designated type-2alpha CRHR (CRHR-2alpha), was recently cloned and functionally characterized. In situ hybridization study revealed that CRHR-2alpha mRNA had a distinct distribution from type-1 CRHR (CRHR-1) mRNA in the rat brain. Interestingly, CRHR-2alpha mRNA showed a relatively high expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) even under unstressful condition. This may reflect the important role of CRHR-2alpha in the autoregulation of CRH secretion in the PVN. To determine the regulation of CRHR-2alpha mRNA expression in the PVN, we examined the alteration of CRHR-2alpha mRNA levels in the PVN in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, corticosterone (CORT) administration or adrenalectomy and compared with that of CRHR-1 mRNA, using in situ hybridization histochemistry. I.p. LPS injection (50 microg) induced a significant increase in PVN CRHR-1 mRNA at 3 and 6 h whereas CORT administration (10 mg/day for 12 days) or adrenalectomy (sacrificed 7 days after surgery) decreased CRHR-1 mRNA levels in the PVN. These alterations in PVN CRHR-1 mRNA are consistent with previous reports. In contrast, CRHR-2alpha mRNA levels in the PVN were not altered by any of these treatments. These results indicate that CRHR-1 and CRHR-2alpha mRNA are differentially regulated in the PVN. Further study will be necessary to elucidate the CRHR-2alpha function in the PVN.
Animals↗
Isolation of bioactive compounds from Helix aspersa nerve tissue and the effect of pQPPLPRYamide on heart, esophagus and central neurons of H. aspersa and rectum of Anodonta woodiana.
1. Both acetone and methanol extraction was used to isolate bioactive compounds from 1000 Helix aspersa brains. 2. Seven compounds were isolated of which four were identified as follows: Ha-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine; Ha-3, GSPYFVamide; Ha-4, pQPPLPRYamide; Ha-5, SGYLAFPRMamide. There was insufficient material to identify Ha-2, Ha-6 and Ha-7. 3. Ha-4, pQPPLPRYamide, was found to excite the heart of H. aspersa, relax the esophagus and both excite (mainly) and inhibit central neurons. In addition, this peptide contracted the rectum of Anodonta woodiana. 4. It is concluded that pQPPLPRYamide is an example of a new molluscan peptide family, designated as PRYamide.
Animals↗
High-sensitivity mass spectrometry for analysis of posttranslational modifications.
Pulsed fast atom bombardment ionization (pulsed-FAB) mass spectrometry has been developed to improve the sensitivity of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), allowing it to be used for the analysis of very small samples. MS/MS, when used with a magnetic four-sector instrument coupled with the pulsed-FAB system, allows significant enhancement in product ion intensity of over ten-fold in magnitude over conventional FAB. MS/MS was applied to the structural analysis of a unique nuclear protein, designated p28, which was isolated from a histone fraction obtained from starfish testes. The results clearly show that protein p28 is a heterodimer composed of testicular histones H2B and H4 which are cross-linked between Gln9 of H2B and Lys5 of H4.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Identification of two palmitoyl groups in octopus rhodopsin.
We determined the structure and site of fatty acid incorporated in octopus rhodopsin using a combination of fluorescence label and enzymatic cleavage methods in conjunction with fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. A single peptide containing two adjacent cysteines, Cys337 and Cys338, was successfully isolated using the fluorescence from a dye conjugated to Cys345. The FAB mass spectrometric analysis of the peptide (323Phe-340Phe) revealed that two palmitoyl groups are linked to Cys337 and Cys338 via thioester bonds in octopus rhodopsin as in bovine rhodopsin.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis.
One hundred and twenty-four cases of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis have been reported since 1962. Nearly 60% of the cases in women involved inset of the disease in relation to pregnancy. Headache and visual field defects were the most frequent symptoms. Most patients showed signs of either isolated or multiple anterior pituitary hormone deficiency. ACTH secretion was impaired the most frequently, followed by TSH, gonadotropins, GH and PRL secretion. One third of the cases involved hyperprolactinemia. Tissue from patients with lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis, also suffering from DI, revealed lymphocytic inflammation limited to the infundibulum, stalk, and neurohypophysis. Twenty of these 124 lymphocytic adenohypophysitis patients developed DI before treatment, and neuroimaging studies revealed thickening of the pituitary stalk in some. At least in a few cases, chronic lymphocytic infiltration occurred in both the infundibuloneurohypophysitis and adenohypophysis. Although both lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and infundibuloneurohypophysitis may be caused by autoimmune disorders, the antigens involved may differ.
Adolescent↗
[Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia associated with allergy to candida and with changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].
A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaints of fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. A chest X-ray film revealed infiltrates in both upper lung fields. A specimen was obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed. The patient' s condition improved after the start of corticosteroid therapy. A relapse occurred, and corticosteroid therapy was again successful. Because an environmental provocation test was positive, allergological examinations were done. An intradermal test for sensitivity to candida was positive, as was a test for precipitation of antibodies to candida. In addition, an inhalation provocation test with candida antigen was positive. Therefore, allergy to candida was believed to have caused this patient's symptoms. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done three times. Eosinophils predominated in the first sample, but lymphocytes predominated in the last two. This raises the possibility that chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia might change into each other.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenases. Catalytic properties and regulation of the enzyme gene.
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Animals↗