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Biomedical subjects

T Takano

Publications and source records attributed to T Takano.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Therapeutic strategy of nephrotic syndrome in patients over eighty.

In the present paper, we report four very elderly patients (80 years of age or older) with primary nephrotic syndrome. In all patients, oral prednisolone (PSL) alternative day therapy was attempted and three patients responded very well (complete remission 2, partial remission 1). However, one patient exhibited no effect of PSL and died from acute oliguric renal failure in spite of aggressive measures including hemodialysis. Fracture of the femoral neck occurred in one patient during PSL therapy, although the relationship between the fracture and PSL therapy was uncertain. In addition to our reported cases, 5 cases of nephrotic syndrome in similar patients reported elsewhere are analyzed together with our cohort. PSL was commonly effective in inducing remission in very elderly patients (7 of 9 patients; 78%). Very elderly patients with nephrotic syndrome frequently suffer from oliguric renal failure, which has a potentially high mortality. Based on these data, we conclude that PSL therapy can ameliorate primary nephrotic syndrome in patients over the age of eighty years. However, the complications both of the disease and its treatment, (e.g., acute oliguric renal failure, hip fracture) must be carefully monitored.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1994

[The status of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in community hospital].

Fifty patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed at 4 community hospitals in Tokyo during 1981 to 1992. The percentage of extrapulmonary tuberculosis among the all types of tuberculosis was 10.5% as a whole, and 16% in females and 7.9% in males. The number of patients older than fifth generation was about two times more than that of younger generations. And the patients were more in males than in females under the forties, but were more in females than in males over the sixties. On chest radiogram, there was no pathological findings in 52% of the patients and active pulmonary tuberculosis was detected in 32% of the patients. The majority of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (30 cases, 60%) was of lymph nodes, especially of cervical lymph nodes, and the remaining were 10 cases of tuberculosis in bone and joint, 4 each in intestine and pericardium, 2 each in liver, peritoneum, kidney, urinary bladder, epididymis and skin. Among 30 cases with tuberculous lymphadenopathy, the disease were observed in cervical lymph nodes by 19 cases, in pulmonary hilar and axillary node by each 4 cases and in abdominal cavity by 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Relation of fingernail mineral concentrations to bone mineral density in elderly Japanese women].

Metacarpal bone mineral density, and concentrations of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) in fingernails were measured in 30 elderly women. Significant correlation between bone mineral density and body weight was seen, and higher values of bone mineral density were observed in those subjects walking daily without the aid of a cane or assistance. Among the 5 minerals in fingernails, a high positive correlation was found between Ca and P concentrations. Concentration of Zn in fingernails was significantly but negatively correlated with bone mineral density (r = -0.399), and a significant positive correlation of Ca/Zn ratio of fingernails was observed with bone mineral density (r = 0.421). The content of Zn in nails may be affected by alterations in bone Zn status and a potential application of nail Zn level or Ca/Zn ratio as an indicator of senile osteoporosis is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Pathogenesis of congenital hydrocephalus: role of transplacental myxovirus infection].

Several pediatric cases of hydrocephalus after mumps virus infection, have been reported. These cases are thought to be caused by ependymitis due to mumps virus infection. Clinical cases of congenital hydrocephalus possibly caused by intrauterine mumps virus infection are also accumulating. However, it has not yet been made clear whether mumps virus can pass through the human placenta and cause hydrocephalus. Our experimental studies demonstrated that mumps and parainfluenza virus type 3 could induce hydrocephalus by destructive ependymal infection in suckling hamsters, when they were inoculated intracerebrally or intraperitoneally. However, the transplacental infection of these viruses was extremely rare. These results show that myxoviruses such as mumps and parainfluenza virus may have a strong affinity to ependymal cells, and then they cause resultant ependymal destruction. Therefore, when the placenta is impaired so severely that these viruses are able to pass through the placental barrier, maternal infection would cause the hydrocephalus to the infant.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental hydrocephalus induced by intraplacental mumps virus inoculation].

Experimental production of congenital hydrocephalus was undertaken by inoculating mumps virus into pregnant hamsters intravenously or intraplacentally. When the mumps virus was inoculated intravenously on the 8th, 10th, 12th, or 14th day of gestation, some fetuses were aborted and those which could come to term did not develop hydrocephalus after birth. Offsprings from the mothers, which had had intraplacental inoculation on the 14th day of gestation, showed ventricular dilatation in about 28%. Histological examination revealed inflammatory infiltration on the surface of ependymal layers, subependymal edema and microglial activation in the underlying ependyma of the aqueduct. These findings were thought to have resulted from ependymitis caused by mumps virus. The transplacental infection of mumps virus is considered to be extremely rare. However, in such conditions as the placental barrier is impaired, mumps virus will possibly pass through the placenta, and will cause hydrocephalus to the infant.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of clinical Reye syndrome with symmetrical abnormal signal areas in the pons and thalami by MRI].

We report a two-year-old boy with clinical Reye syndrome. Brain CT disclosed symmetrical low-density areas in the pons and thalami, a part of which was recognized as being of high-intensity on both T1 and T2 weighted MRI. These lesions were suspected of being caused by vascular involvement, since the methemoglobin induced by bleeding may have contributed to the high-intensity regions. The lesions gradually disappeared within four months after the onset, and clinical symptoms also improved markedly without serious neurologic impairment. This case was characterized by the marked improvement in neurological and radiological findings in spite of the serious neurological involvement at onset.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Immunological detection of F1-ATPase gamma-subunit in rat liver peroxisomes.

The gamma-subunit of F1-ATPase was detected in highly purified rat liver peroxisomes by immunoblot analysis using an antiserum against purified mitochondrial F1-ATPase. Other subunits of F1-ATPase such as alpha, beta and delta were not detected in the peroxisomes. The polypeptide corresponding to the gamma-subunit in peroxisomes was also recognized by affinity purified antibody against F1-ATPase gamma-subunit. The amount of gamma-subunit in liver homogenate increased in parallel with proliferation of peroxisomes after administration of clofibrate in rats, whereas the amounts of alpha, beta and delta-subunits were not increased. These results suggest that the gamma-subunit of F1-ATPase is a constituent of peroxisomes in rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expression of three nonallelic genes coding calmodulin exhibits similar localization on the central nervous system of adult rats.

By Northern blot analysis with the digoxigenin-labeled antisense RNA probes of the noncoding regions, the transcripts of three calmodulin (CaM) genes, CaMI, CaMII, and CaMIII, were separately detected in 12 different tissues of adult Wistar albino rats, without any cross-hybridization. The mRNAs of all three CaM genes were abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in the testis, although ubiquitous expression was detected at low levels in the other tissues. There were subtle but significant differences in the tissue-specific distribution of the three CaM gene RNAs. By in situ hybridization, strong hybridization of the three CaM gene probes was observed in common in large projection neurons of the CNS: the hippocampal pyramidal cells, the cerebellar Purkinje cells, and the large neurons of the cerebral neocortex, the pyriform cortex, the mesencephalon, the pons, and the spinal cord. The expression of the three CaM genes was at lower levels in small interneurons of the CNS. These profiles of expression were almost the same among the three CaM genes. Thus, all three CaM genes were coordinately expressed in neurons of the adult rat CNS. Certain regulatory mechanisms of the three CaM genes seemed to mediate similar tissue- and cell type-specific expression in the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cyclin E enhances P53-mediated transactivation.

Plasmids expressing G1 and G2 cyclins were introduced into the Saos-2 cell system monitoring p53-mediated transactivation [(1993) Oncogene 8, 543]. Cyclin E, but not other cyclins, enhanced the p53-mediated transactivation about 2-fold. Co-transfection of a CDK2 expression plasmid caused a 30% increase in the extent of the p53-mediated transactivation. Moreover, the transfected p53 protein became phosphorylated coordinately with the enhanced transactivation. The close correlation between transactivation and p53 phosphorylation suggests that phosphorylation is involved in positive regulation for the transactivation by p53.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1993

Cardiodynamic and neurohormonal importance of atrial contribution in rate-responsive pacing.

To elucidate the physiologic importance of atrial contribution in recently developed rate-responsive pacing, changes in cardiodynamics and neurohormonal factors were analyzed during exercise in patients with respiratory rate-dependent, rate-responsive atrial (AAIR; n = 6) and ventricular (VVIR; n = 9) demand mode pacemakers implanted for sick sinus syndrome. With increasing pacing rate during bicycle ergometer exercise, the AAIR group had significant increases in cardiac index (p < 0.05), left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.05), and ejection (p < 0.05) and peak filling (p < 0.05) rates; however, the VVIR group had a significant decrease in ejection fraction (p < 0.05), and an increase in cardiac index (p < 0.05) that was significantly less than in the AAIR group. At rest, the mean plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (p < 0.005) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (p < 0.05) were significantly greater in the VVIR group than in the AAIR group and normal subjects (n = 8). Atrial natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine, and cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphates were significantly greater (p < 0.05) during exercise, and atrial natriuretic peptide was significantly greater in the VVIR group (207.5 +/- 8.3 pg/ml) than in the AAIR group (116.4 +/- 51.5) and normal subjects (30.8 +/- 19.2; p < 0.05); this suggested a further increase in the nonphysiologic atrial overload with VVIR pacing. The data show both the neurohormonal and cardiodynamic importance of atrioventricular synchrony in rate-responsive pacing.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Detection of heterozygotes for fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency by measuring fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity in monocytes cultured with calcitriol.

The increase of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity during culture with calcitriol, which was reported in monocytes, was found not to occur in lymphocytes. Monocytes cultured with calcitriol were accordingly used as more reliable diagnosis of heterozygotes for fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency, instead of mononuclear cells (lymphocyte-fraction-containing monocytes) cultured without calcitriol by a conventional method. Variation of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase values in leukocytes from nine healthy adults was smallest in monocytes cultured with calcitriol, among four different experimental conditions: monocytes cultured with or without calcitriol and mononuclear cells cultured with or without calcitriol. Both parents of two sisters with fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency were successfully confirmed as carriers of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency by this method. However, confirmation by the conventional method using mononuclear cells cultured without calcitriol was possible only in the father, not in the mother. Thus, the new method using monocytes cultured with calcitriol seems more reliable for detecting heterozygotes for fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1993

Effect of interleukin-6 on cell proliferation of FRTL-5 cells.

We studied the effects of interleukin-6(IL-6) on DNA synthesis and cyclic AMP production in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. When cells were incubated with IL-6 in the presence or absence of IGF-I, cell proliferation was not observed. By contrast, IL-6 stimulated DNA synthesis in a dose dependent manner when TSH was added concomitantly. On the other hand, IL-6 did not modulate the cAMP accumulation in the presence or absence of TSH. These data demonstrate that, like IGF-I, IL-6 may be able to act as a growth factor through activation of a mitogenic signal transduction pathway different from A-kinase in FRTL-5 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cleavage arrest in Xenopus embryos injected with a human c-myc gene.

The c-myc protein has been implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation of various cell lines, but its function in early embryos of Xenopus is obscure. We introduced the c-myc gene into embryos using a pcDL-SR alpha plasmid with an efficient promoter of the gene. It was found that fertilized eggs injected with the c-myc gene were arrested at the 4-cell stage within 1 h of the injection, when the plasmid that carried c-myc gene but not the plasmid that carried defective c-myc gene was injected. These results also suggest that Xenopus embryos already have the ability to transcribe an exogenously injected c-myc gene at the 4-cell stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Functional regulation of GTP-binding protein coupled to insulin-like growth factor-I receptor by lithium during G1 phase of the rat thyroid cell cycle.

The regulatory effects of lithium on the function of pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding (G(i))-proteins located on the mitogenic pathway activated by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in FRTL-5 cells were studied. Addition of GTP-gamma-S to the thyroid stimulating hormone-primed cell membranes resulted in a decreased affinity of IGF-I receptor binding, and the dissociation constant (Kd) increased from 0.46 nM to 3.1 nM. Moreover, IGF-I stimulated GTP-gamma-S binding to a 40-kDa protein, and pertussis toxin (PT) attenuated the stimulatory effect of IGF-I on the same protein. Lithium lowered the affinity of IGF-I receptor binding and the Kd (3.4 nM) was in the same range as that in the presence of GTP-gamma-S. The inhibitory effect of lithium was markedly abolished by pretreatment with PT. Lithium attenuated the amounts of ADP-rebosylation of the 40-kDa protein by PT. In addition, lithium stimulated Ca2+ entry, similar to that by IGF-I, and induced cell proliferation via a PT-sensitive step. These findings suggest that lithium may be capable of modulating the function of G(i)-proteins coupled to IGF-I receptors during the G1 phase of the FRTL-5 cell cycle.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1993

Allele-specific activation of the c-myc gene in an atypical Burkitt's lymphoma carrying the t(2;8) chromosomal translocation 250 kb downstream from c-myc.

The genetic structure and regulation of the c-myc gene was comprehensively studied for the first time in Burkitt's lymphoma with t(2;8) translocation. In a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, KOBK101, the immunoglobulin kappa-encoding gene on chromosome 2, accompanied by its enhancer, was translocated to the pvt-1 locus located about 250 kb downstream from c-myc on chromosome 8. Only the c-myc allele on the translocated chromosome carried aberrant SalI and KpnI sites in the first intron, so the two c-myc alleles and their transcripts were analyzed separately. The c-myc allele on the untranslocated chromosome conserved the normal c-myc sequence and was transcriptionally silent. In contrast, the c-myc allele on the translocated chromosome was actively transcribed at three- to fivefold higher levels, as compared with non-malignant B-cell lines. Additionally, it carried predominant multiple mutations consisting of 64 nucleotide substitutions, three short deletions, and a one-base insertion, most of which clustered in the first exon and intron. The 24-base deletion in the first intron completely overlapped the binding site of a putative negative transcriptional factor of the 138-kDa phosphoprotein, MIF. Thus, the multiple mutations and the deregulated, allele-specific expression of c-myc were associated with the chromosomal translocation in cis. Together activation by the long-distance immunoglobulin kappa enhancer, and the alleviation of negative regulation by the mutations, seemed to cause the allele-specific activation of c-myc.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks the cell cycle progression but not Ca2+ influx induced by BAY K8644 in FRTL-5 cells.

IGF-I, when added to TSH-primed FRTL-5 cells, induces a long lasting Ca2+ influx and then DNA synthesis. Ca2+ channel agonist, BAYK 8644, is capable to mimic these effects on cell proliferation. We studied the effect of genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on BAY K8644- or IGF-I- induced cell cycle progression in FRTL-5 cells. Genistein inhibited DNA synthesis induced by BAY K8644 and by IGF-I. In contrast, Ca2+ influx stimulated by BAY K8644 was not inhibited. These data demonstrate that the signal transduction pathway induced by BAY K8644 or IGF-I may possibly involve genistein-sensitive process at the downstream step of Ca2+ entry.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗