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Biomedical subjects

T Takano

Publications and source records attributed to T Takano.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of simultaneous administration of ethanol on styrene metabolism under fed and fasted conditions in the perfused rat liver.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the simultaneous administration of ethanol on styrene metabolism in the perfused rat liver under fed and fasted conditions. Styrene uptake rate, production rate of styrene glycol, oxygen consumption rate, and changes in reduced pyridine nucleotide fluorescence were monitored in the perfused rat liver. The effects of ethanol on parameters of styrene metabolism were observed in rat livers under fed and fasted conditions: fed (group I), fasted (group II), and fasted with xylitol in the perfusate (group III). The simultaneous administration of ethanol and styrene significantly decreased styrene uptake rate, production rate of styrene glycol, and oxygen consumption rate, and produced significant reduction of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence as compared with the single administration of styrene in groups I and III. In contrast, the simultaneous administration of ethanol and styrene significantly increased the production of styrene glycol and oxygen consumption as compared with the single administration of styrene in group II. Significant effects on the styrene uptake rate and the reduced pyridine nucleotide fluorescence were observed with regard to factors of both nutritional status and the interaction between ethanol and nutritional status by two-way analysis of variance. These findings showed that the effects of ethanol on styrene metabolism in the liver were dependent upon the nutritional status of the animal. The fed and fasted conditions affected the effect of ethanol on styrene metabolism by changing the supply of NADPH to the mixed-function oxidase system. In conclusion, ethanol suppressed styrene metabolism in the fed condition, but enhanced it in the fasted condition. This phenomenon should be considered in the prevention of occupational hazard of styrene exposure in industrial workers with alcohol drinking habits and nutritional problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of lansoprazole treatment on the healing and relapse of peptic ulcer and serum levels of IgG anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody.

In the present study, the effects of short-term treatment with lansoprazole on healing and recurrence of peptic ulcer were investigated. Complete healing (change to the S2 stage) after 3 or 4 weeks of treatment with lansoprazole was observed in 9.9% of gastric ulcers and 38.3% of duodenal ulcers. Complete healing was observed after 3 or 4 weeks of treatment with lansoprazole in gastric ulcers and was significantly related to the serum titer of IgG anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies. This was not the case in duodenal ulcers. Complete healing after 6 or 8 weeks of treatment with lansoprazole was not dependent on serum levels of IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies. Short-term treatment by lansoprazole did not affect serum levels of IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies immediately after the end of lansoprazole treatment, but significantly reduced serum levels of IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies were found 9 months after treatment.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

Dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism and the psychiatric symptoms seen in first-break schizophrenic patients.

To investigate the possible effect of polymorphism at the BalI site of the dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3) on the phenotype in human subjects, allele and genotype frequencies for this polymorphic site were examined in 113 schizophrenic patients, including six subgroups, and 48 normal controls. The schizophrenic subgroups included patients with early onset, those with a family history, and those who suffered from one of the following psychiatric symptoms at their first episode: (1) delusion and hallucination; (2) disorganization; (3) bizarre behavior; and (4) negative symptoms. No significant differences were observed in genotype, allele and homozygosity frequencies between the whole group or any subgroup of schizophrenic patients and the controls. The present results indicate that polymorphism at the BalI site of the DRD3 is unlikely to be a major contributor to any of the psychiatric parameters examined in the present population of schizophrenic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The endothelium in glomerular inflammation.

Endothelial activation is central to the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, allograft rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and thrombotic angiopathies. Major advances in endothelial biology during the past year have emphasized the importance of selectin, mucin, integrin, and immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules in leukocyte trafficking in glomerular inflammation, and have defined novel mechanisms by which leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are regulated by inflammatory mediators and cytokines. These breakthroughs have already spawned experimental immunosuppressive strategies that should antecede the development of novel, potent and specific therapies for common renal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Augmented Ca2+ mobilization is a hypertensive trait discriminated from a 'major gene' in backcross analysis between SHR and Donryu rats.

1. Blood pressure and Ca2+ mobilization were significantly greater in SHR than in Donryu and F1 rats. 2. Backcross linkage analysis between spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Donryu rats was performed to dissect polygenic hypertensive traits and to detect the existence of a single 'major gene'. 3. Cluster and discriminant analysis of a scattergram of blood pressure versus Ca2+ mobilization classified the backcrossed rats into two groups. The two groups were referred to the higher group and the lower group with regard to their relative blood pressure values. 4. Blood pressure was correlated with Ca2+ mobilization in each group; the correlation coefficients were 0.41 for the higher group (P < 0.01) and 0.71 for the lower group (P < 0.0001).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Presence of Active and Inactive Molecules of a Cell Wall-Associated Proteinase in Lactobacillus helveticus CP790.

Monoclonal antibodies against a cell wall-associated 45-kDa proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790 were prepared and used for an immunoblotting analysis of the cell wall extract of CP790. They were found to react with an unidentified 46-kDa protein as well as the 45-kDa proteinase. The 46-kDa protein was copurified with the 45-kDa proteinase by affinity column chromatography using antibody-fixed Sepharose and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then extracted from the gels. An elution profile of the cyanogen bromide digest of the purified 46-kDa protein obtained by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was identical to that of the 45-kDa proteinase except for one peak. An analysis of the N-terminal 21-amino-acid sequence revealed that the 46-kDa protein possesses an extra 7 amino acids at the N terminus of the 45-kDa proteinase. The 46-kDa protein was produced at constant levels during fermentation in a skim milk medium, while the 45-kDa protein was mainly observed in the middle of the exponential phase of growth and was produced in proportion to the proteinase activity. Moreover, only the 46-kDa protein was detected in the crude extract of L. helveticus CP791, a variant strain of CP790 defective in proteinase activity. These data strongly suggest that the 46-kDa protein is a precursor, inactive form of the 45-kDa proteinase.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Hemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of oral milrinone for short-term support in acute heart failure.

The present study evaluated the acute hemodynamic response, effects on subjective symptoms and physical findings, and the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) of milrinone in 31 patients with acute or decompensated heart failure. We found a significant increase in cardiac index (29, 31, and 29%, respectively, p < 0.01) and a significant decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (39, 43, and 47%, respectively, p < 0.01) accompanied with improvement in subjective symptoms and physical findings. These hemodynamic effects persisted for 4-8 h after each dosage of milrinone. Dose-dependent hemodynamic response was observed between the drug concentration and percent maximum changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (peak milrinone concentration, 2.5 mg: 99.99 +/- 57.49, 5 mg: 187.11 +/- 71.37, and 10 mg: 300.94 +/- 158.5 ng/ml). The finding, together with results of the Prospective Randomized Milrinone Survival Evaluation (PROMISE) study, suggests lower dose of milrinone will be useful for the short-term inodilator support in patients with acute or decompensated heart failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Origin and pathophysiological role of increased plasma endothelin-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

To investigate the origin and pathophysiological role of increased plasma endothelin-1 (endothelin-1) concentration in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the authors measured plasma endothelin-1 sequentially after the onset of AMI and analyzed the origin by the simultaneously obtained blood samples from the radial artery, right atrium, and pulmonary artery in 28 patients with AMI. The data were correlated with cardiovascular hemodynamics, infarct size, and coronary arteriographic findings. Arterial endothelin-1 at twenty-four and seventy-two hours significantly correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.48, r = 0.46, P < 0.05, respectively), central venous pressure (r = 0.42 and 0.51, P < 0.05, respectively), and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.42, r = 0.42, P < 0.05), and endothelin-1 at one hundred twenty hour significantly correlated with peak creatine kinase (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) and creatine kinase isozyme MB (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Simultaneous blood samples showed no significant difference in endothelin-1 concentrations among them. However, a subgroup of patients with endothelin-1 concenration higher in the radial artery than that in the right atrium showed a significantly higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure (25.2 +/- 6.5 vs 17.0 +/- 1.6 mmHg, P < 0.05), peak creatine kinase (3594 +/- 1597 vs 865 +/- 495 IU/L, P < 0.05), and peak creatine kinase MB (214 +/- 91 vs 69 +/- 22 IU/L, P < 0.05) as compared with those in patients in whom endothelin-1 was higher in the right atrium than in the radial artery. Increased plasma endothelin-1 concentration in the early stage of AMI reflects higher pulmonary artery pressure and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, while that in the later stage is related to the infarct size. The production of endothelin-1 in patients with severe pump failure may be accerelated in the pulmonary vascular bed, left ventricle, or systemic arterial trees, and the main origin in the later stage is possibly coronary vasculature in the infarcted area.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Regulation of intracellular cholesterol metabolism.

Animal cells synthesize cholesterol from acetyl CoA through a series of more than 20 enzymatic reactions. In addition, cells obtain cholesterol from plasma in the form of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is internalized via the LDL receptor and hydrolyzed to free cholesterol in lysosomes. Each cell must balance these internal and external sources while avoiding sterol shortage or overaccumulation. Both the biosynthetic and uptake pathways are well-regulated through feedback control. When cells are cultured in the presence of LDL, the activity of both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) synthase and HMG CoA reductase decline by more than 90% and the number of LDL receptors also decreases (1). In the absence of LDL, the cells maintain high activities of these two enzymes, which are rate-limiting enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway, and also maintain a large number of LDL receptors on their surface. In this review we assess recent progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of intracellular cholesterol metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Follow-up of 2,733 Japanese patients with myocardial infarction.

Two thousand, seven hundred and thirty-three patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were admitted to our 11 institutions between 1983 and 1988, examined by coronary arteriography and discharged alive, were followed for an average of 2.9 years. During the follow-up period, 212 patients (7.6%) died. The factors that governed the prognosis of myocardial infarction after discharge were advanced age, female gender, obesity, previous infarction, angina pectoris more than 1 month before the onset of AMI, post-infarction angina, multiple-vessel diseases, advanced stage by Killip's and/or Forrester's classification on admission, elevated pulmonary capillary arterial pressure, decreased cardiac index, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular aneurysm before hospital discharge. Patients with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation during hospitalization showed a poor prognosis. In contrast, patients who received intracoronary thrombolysis, or emergent and/or elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty showed a favorable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Factors governing re-infarction in patients with myocardial infarction in Japan.

The subjects consisted of 2,733 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were admitted to our 11 institutions between 1983 and 1988, examined by coronary arteriography, and discharged alive. The patients were followed for an average of 2.9 years after discharge. During the follow-up period, re-infarction occurred in 172 patients (6.3%). The factors associated with re-infarction were total cholesterol of more than 250 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol of less than 35 mg/dl and diabetes mellitus. The rate of re-infarction was also high in patients who had had a previous infarction before admission, angina pectoris before or after the onset of AMI or multiple-vessel disease. In contrast, intracoronary thrombolysis reduced the rate of re-infarction.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1995

Effects of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) for superovulation in Japanese Black cattle.

Sixty-four Japanese Black parous cows were divided into 5 dosage groups (I, II, III, IV, V) and administered either human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) or FSH by intramuscular injection. No significant differences were observed between the hMG-treated groups. The average number of recovered ova/embryos in cows treated with 900 IU was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in cows treated with FSH. The percentage of high-quality transferable embryos was highest in the 600 IU hMG-treated group. Also, FSH-treated cows produced a significantly larger number of unfertilized ova compared to hMG-treated cows. The results suggest that hMG treatment is sufficient for Japanese Black Cattle at a dose of 600 IU for 3 days, and that a 2-day treatment regime is also possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A case of repeated painless thyroiditis followed by Graves' disease.

A fifty-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of palpitation and general fatigue. She had received hemithyroidectomy for thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma at 28 years of age. She had experienced episodes of repeated painless thyroiditis five times over the last 12 years. At her sixth episode of thyrotoxicosis, she was suspected to have Graves' disease and admitted to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed thyrotoxicosis with positive thyroid stimulating antibody and high radioactive iodine uptake, i.e. Graves' disease. Painless thyroiditis often relapses but rarely develops into Graves' disease. This is a rare case in which repeated painless thyroiditis was followed by Graves' disease. The relation between painless thyroiditis and Graves' disease is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia induced by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

An antimicrobial agent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Tmp-Smx) does not usually cause electrolyte disturbances at regular doses, and few cases of Tmp-Smx-induced electrolyte imbalance have been reported in the English-language literature to date. Recently, however, we treated two patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who developed severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia on administration of high-dose Tmp-Smx. These electrolyte disturbances were attributable to the direct effect of Tmp-Smx on the renal distal tubules, were reversible, and corrected by infusion of a sodium-enriched and potassium-free liquid. Therefore, it is suggested that even after electrolyte disturbances have occurred, high-dose Tmp-Smx therapy may be continued for severe infectious diseases under appropriate electrolyte correction.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors from sour milk.

The inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in milk increased during fermentation with the Calpis sour milk starter containing Lactobacillus helveticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two kinds of peptides inhibitory to angiotensin I-converting enzyme were purified from the sour milk by using four-step HPLC. The amino acid sequences of these inhibitors were identified as Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro. The concentrations of peptides providing 50% inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme were 9 and 5 microM, respectively. Most of the inhibitory activity in sour milk was attributed to these two peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Antihypertensive effect of sour milk and peptides isolated from it that are inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme.

This study reports the antihypertensive effect of orally administered doses of either Calpis sour milk or peptides (Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro), which are inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme, isolated from the sour milk using strain SHR spontaneously hypertensive rats. Single oral administration of the sour milk (5 ml/kg of BW), corresponding inhibitory units of the peptides Val-Pro-Pro (.6 mg/kg of BW), or Ile-Pro-Pro (.3 mg/kg of BW) significantly decreased the systolic blood pressure from 6 to 8 h after administration. Blood pressure returned to the initial level at 24 h after administration. Antihypertensive activity of these two tripeptides was dose-dependent up to 5 mg/kg of BW. Conversely, the sour milk (25 ml/kg of BW) and mixed tripeptides (10 mg each of Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro/kg of BW) did not change the systolic blood pressure of the normotensive strain WKY Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Involvement of von Willebrand factor and PGI2 in platelet binding to a partially denuded endothelial monolayer.

Platelet binding to an endothelial monolayer was examined after denudation. The binding increased for up to 10 min and thereafter declined gradually. Antibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF) inhibited the binding. Production of prostacyclin (PGI2) occurred 10 min after endothelial denudation. This study suggests that vWF is involved in the binding during the first 10 min and that PGI2 suppresses the binding thereafter.

Blood Platelets↗