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Biomedical subjects

T Takai

Publications and source records attributed to T Takai.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Primary structure of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase deduced from cDNA sequence.

The complete amino acid sequence of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from chicken liver has been deduced by cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to its messenger RNA. The results were confirmed by Edman degradation of peptide fragments obtained by digestion of the enzyme polypeptide with Achromobacter proteinase I or staphylococcal serine proteinase. Chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase is predicted to be composed of 2,324 amino acid residues, having a calculated molecular weight of 262,706. The biotin carboxyl carrier protein domain is located in the middle region of the enzyme polypeptide. The amino-terminal portion of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase has been found to exhibit a homologous primary structure to that of carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Localization of possible functional domains including biotin carboxylase subsite in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase polypeptide is discussed.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1988

[Postoperative total parenteral nutrition with fat emulsion for patients with esophageal varices].

The administration of fat emulsion and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was evaluated in 68 patients with liver disorders who underwent surgical treatment for esophageal varices. The subjects were divided into two groups, fat group (28 cases) and non-fat group (40 cases) according to with or without the administration of fat emulsion during the period of postoperative TPN. The results of liver function tests, blood glucose levels, intravenous fat tolerance tests, serum lipid levels, fatty acid composition in serum total lipids, nitrogen balances and body weight changes during the period of postoperative TPN were compared between both groups. Conclusions as follows; 1. The administration of fat emulsion during the period of postoperative TPN did not worsen the results of liver function tests, and relatively low levels of blood glucose were retained. 2. The removal rates of fat emulsion from the blood (K2 values) during the period of postoperative TPN were significantly higher than in those preoperative period, and changes in serum lipid level revealed no tendency toward retention of fat emulsion administered intravenously. 3. Cumulative nitrogen balance were almost similar in both groups. 4. The administration of fat emulsion the period of during postoperative TPN corrected the abnormalities of fatty acid composition in serum total lipid. Further, it was suggested that approximately more than 5 ml/kg/day of 10% fat emulsion would be advisable to prevent the decrease of linoleic acid. 5. These results suggested that the administration of fat emulsion was useful for the patients with esophageal varices during the period of postoperative TPN.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Amino acid sequence of chicken liver cathepsin L.

The complete amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chains of chicken liver cathepsin L have been determined by automated gas-phase Edman degradation. The heavy and light chains contained 176 and 42 amino acid residues respectively. A glucosamine-based oligosaccharide group was attached to Asn-109 of the heavy chain. Chicken liver cathepsin L had high sequence homology with rat cathepsin H, but exhibited less similarity with rat cathepsin B. Comparisons of cathepsin L with plant cysteine proteinases, such as papain, actinidin and aleurain, reveal high degree of homology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Primary structure of the biotin-binding site of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Limited proteolysis of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by staphylococcal serine proteinase yielded a fragment of 31 kDa which contained the biotinyl active site. This polypeptide was purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and characterized. The complete amino acid sequence of this polypeptide has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to the chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA. A highly conserved sequence of Met-Lys-Met was found in the biotin-binding site. Appreciable homology was observed among the sequences in close vicinity of the biotin sites of chicken liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and other biotin-dependent carboxylases including biotin carboxyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase↗
PubMed1987

Galactorrhea in subclinical hypothyroidism.

Galactorrhea was found in 5 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. The galactorrhea consisted of the discharge of a few drops of milk only under pressure. Serum T4 was in the lower level of the normal range, but serum T3 was normal (T4: 6.3 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl, T3: 113 +/- 7 ng/dl). Basal serum TSH and PRL were slightly increased only in 2 and 1 cases, respectively. The PRL responses to TRH stimulation were exaggerated in all cases, although the basal levels were normal. An enlarged pituitary gland was observed in 1 patient by means of CT scanning. All patients were treated by T4 replacement. In serial TRH tests during the T4 replacement therapy, the PRL response was still increased even when the TSH response was normalized. Galactorrhea disappeared when the patients were treated with an increased dose of T4 (150-200 micrograms/day). Recurrence of galactorrhea was not observed even though replacement dose of T4 was later decreased to 100 micrograms/day in 4 cases. In patients with galactorrhea of unknown origin, subclinical hypothyroidism should not be ruled out even when their serum T4, T3, TSH and PRL are in the normal range. The TRH stimulation test is necessary to detect an exaggerated PRL response, as the cause of the galactorrhea. To differentiate this from pituitary microadenoma, observation of the effects of T4 replacement therapy on galactorrhea is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum fatty acid concentrations in patients on postoperative parenteral nutrition with and without fat.

To examine changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids, sixteen patients with gastric cancer were maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or intravenous feeding immediately after total gastrectomy. Subjects receiving no fat showed decreases in linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid and increases in palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, whereas those receiving fat emulsion showed no detectable changes. Decrease in the linoleic acid content was greater in subjects on a higher carbohydrate intake, but less in those on a higher fat intake. Multiple regression analysis of the relationships among carbohydrate intake (X1) and fat intake (X2) and changes in the linoleic acid percentage of total serum fatty acids (Y) in each case yielded an equation: Y =-4.75 X1 + 69.0 X2 - 27.9 (R = 0.885, p less than 0.05). Approximately 1 g/kg/day of fat provided in 40-50 kcal/kg/day of nonprotein energy intake was estimated to prevent decrease in the linoleic acid content in the serum fatty acid pattern during the postoperative catabolic stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Primary structure of delta subunit precursor of calf muscle acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequence.

Clones carrying cDNA sequences for the delta subunit precursor of the acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has indicated that this polypeptide consists of 516 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 21 amino acids. The delta subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of the same receptor as well as the alpha and gamma subunits of its human counterpart, exhibits structural features common to all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, apparently being oriented across the membrane in the same manner as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The degree of amino acid sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo delta subunits (60%) is comparable to that between the beta subunits (59%) and to that between the gamma subunits (56%), but is lower than that between the alpha subunits of the two species (81%). This suggests that the alpha subunit evolved more slowly than the three other subunits. A dendrogram representing the sequence relatedness among the four subunit precursors of the mammalian and fish acetylcholine receptors has been constructed. Some regions of the delta subunit molecule, including the region containing the putative disulphide bridge and that encompassing the clustered putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are relatively well conserved between calf and Torpedo. The relative pattern of regional homology is similar for all four subunit precursors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative total parenteral nutrition in patients with liver disorders.

Sixty-one patients with liver disorders receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for about 14 postoperative days were divided into three groups based on the parenteral nutritional regimen. The influence of these TPN solutions on the liver function tests and the nutritional assessments, and the availability of the specially formulated amino acid solution were studied. Glucose alone as energy source was infused in Group Ia. The mixture of glucose and fructose was infused in Group Ib. In these patients (Group I), a commercially available amino acid solution was administered simultaneously. A specially formulated amino acid, rich in branched-chain amino acids but poor in aromatic amino acids was infused with the mixture of glucose and fructose in Group II. There was no remarkable elevation of blood glucose and lactate levels in all patients. Blood glucose levels in Group Ib were maintained lower than that in Group Ia. Except for serum alkaline phosphatase, no remarkable abnormality was observed in liver function tests. Body weight changes were less than 5% in each group. Average nitrogen balances were -44.5 mg/kg/day in Group Ia, -5.5 mg/kg/day in Group Ib, -51.5 mg/kg/day in Group II. While the abnormalities in serum amino acid pattern and molar ratio of leucine, isoleucine, and valine to phenylalanine and tyrosine tend to be more enhanced in Group I, these abnormalities returned to near normal in Group II during TPN. By multiple linear regression analyses, 45 kcal/kg/day of energy intake would be required to maintain nitrogen equilibrium and zero body weight change. And when nitrogen intakes were 159 mg/kg/day in Group Ia, 114 mg/kg/day in Group Ib, and 189 mg/kg/day in Group II at 45 kcal/kg/day in energy intake, nitrogen balances were expected to be equivalent. These results suggest that postoperative TPN is good for nutritional support in patients with liver disorders. And also, the combination of glucose and fructose has better effect on nitrogen balance. The postoperative TPN with a specially formulated amino acid solution may be a valuable way of maintaining the nutritional status as well as normal serum amino acid pattern in patients with liver disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Efflux of preloaded iodide from the thyroid induced by externally added iodide. A study using a biological model of the thyroid iodide transport system.

Efflux of preloaded I- from the thyroid induced by externally added I- was studied using a biological model of the thyroid I- transport system. Phospholipid vesicles (P-vesicles) made from thyroid plasma membranes and soybean phospholipids were capable of accumulating I- in the presence of external Na+. P-vesicles incubated in 136 mM Na+ containing 0.9 microM I- with 125I- for 2 min accumulated I- so that the I- concentration in the vesicles became about 2 microM. Addition of 5-20 microM stable I- to the incubation mixture at 2 min incubation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in previously loaded 125I- in the vesicles. In other words, a dose-dependent increase in efflux of preloaded 125I- was observed. While the efflux occurred, Na+-dependent I- influx into P-vesicles was preserved. When 2 mM ClO4-, a specific inhibitor of Na+-dependent I- influx, was added together with 10 microM I-, the external I- failed to diminish preloaded 125I- in P-vesicles. The 125I- efflux did not occur when a large amount of stable I- entered P-vesicles independently of Na+ in the presence of ClO4-. Similar 125I- efflux induced by externally added 5 microM SCN- was also blocked by simultaneously added ClO4-. These observations suggest that such I- efflux from the thyroid is a certain type of uphill I- transport which is closely related to Na+-dependent I- transport and that ClO4- and SCN- act on a common site of the I- transport system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Primary structure of beta subunit precursor of calf muscle acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequence.

Clones harbouring cDNA sequences for the beta subunit precursor of the acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has disclosed the primary structure of this polypeptide, which consists of 505 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 24 amino acids. The beta subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha and gamma subunits of the same receptor and the alpha subunit of its human counterpart, exhibits structural features common to all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, apparently being oriented across the membrane in the same manner as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The degree of sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo beta subunits (59%) is comparable to that between the gamma subunits (56%), but is lower than that between the alpha subunits of the two species (81%). Some regions of the beta subunit molecule, including the region corresponding to the putative acetylcholine binding area on the alpha subunit and the region encompassing the clustered putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are relatively well conserved between the two species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗