Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to T Tajima.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A new classification of distal radius fractures and corresponding treatment methods].

Based on previously published reports on fractures of the distal radius and on the analysis of 400 fresh fractures treated in two accident hospitals affiliated with our university hospital, we propose a new classification as shown in Table 2. This new classification includes a type of combined Chauffeur-Barton fracture which has never been described before. Each type of fracture of the distal radius requires a specific treatment as shown in Fig. 1.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1991

The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide on T cell subsets of peripheral venous blood and thoracic duct lymph.

To investigate the effect of a protein-polysaccharide preparation, PSK, on immune system function, the ratios of peripheral venous blood and thoracic duct lymphocyte subsets were determined in 6-week-old male SPF Wistar-Imamichi strain rats maintained on a diet containing 2% PSK ad libitum. Peripheral blood and thoracic duct lymph specimens were obtained from pretreatment, 4- and 8-week PSK-treated, and period-matched control groups of rats. The lymphocyte count and percentages of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells were determined with a laser flow-cytometry system using monoclonal antibodies W3/13, W3/25 and OX8. Compared with the controls, the PSK-treated group showed significantly lower total T cell and helper/inducer T cell counts in the peripheral blood, but showed no difference in the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell count. However, in the thoracic duct, there were significantly increased total T cell and helper/inducer T cell counts, but no difference in suppressor/cytotoxic T cell counts compared with the controls. These data appear to indicate a significant activity of oral PSK, resulting in modulation of lymphocyte distribution in the body by facilitation of the transition of circulating T lymphocytes, especially helper/inducer T cells, into the lymph.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of radionuclide examination in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir].

Technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) perfusion scintigraphy has been performed during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir. A total of 40 radionuclide (RI) studies were performed on 25 patients with liver metastasis of colorectal origin. Of 40 RI studies, 12 (30%) showed impaired liver perfusion. Three studies showed no perfusion of the liver, 3 increased radiotracer accumulations at liver hilus, 2 extrahepatic distributions, 2 catheter occlusions, 1 extravasation and 1 unilobar distribution. The accumulation of Tc-MAA in the tumor was graded from Grade I (tumor uptake decreased or similar relative to liver) to Grade III (tumor uptake remarkably increased). The response to chemotherapy was evaluable in 14 cases. A case with Grade I resulted in NC. Of 6 cases with Grade II, 1 resulted in MR, 3 in NC and 1 in PD. Of 8 cases with Grade III, 2 resulted in PR, 1 in MR and 5 in NC. Tumor response was observed in cases showing increased uptake of Tc-MAA. SPECT was performed in 7 cases, and revealed that hepatic tumors were hypervascular. We concluded that RI examination reveals not only hepatic perfusion, but also tumor microcirculation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Bone marrow transplantation for pediatric solid tumor].

Bone marrow transplantation permits the use of greatly intensified cytoreductive therapy for cancer. Since 1981, fifteen children with disseminated solid tumor were treated by this method (6 Nb1, 6 Lymphoma, 1 PNET, 1 Hb1, 1 YST.). Eight out of 15 (53%) have been alive and well 2-96 (median 45) months after BMT. Though toxicity is severe, high dose chemo-radiotherapy using BMT after reaching complete remission with well scheduled induction chemotherapy and surgery is concluded as a treatment of choice for pediatric malignant solid tumor in advanced stage.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1991

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefpirome sulfate in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Cefpirome].

A research group was organized with the purpose of making basic and clinical studies on cefpirome sulfate (HR810, CPR), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric field. Through meetings a joint research was done involving 19 key institutions and their related facilities throughout Japan. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial Activities Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined against 71 Gram-positive and 110 Gram-negative bacteria in the present clinical trials. CPR showed antibacterial activities 2-16 times higher than those of ceftazidime (CAZ) against Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA. Against Gram-negative bacteria, CPR showed a somewhat broad range of distribution in MIC against Branhamella catarrhalis, while the antibiotic inhibited the growth of all the strains of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae at concentrations no more than 0.10 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. 2. Blood Concentrations and Urinary Excretion Rates The pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients was investigated with a dose of 20 mg/kg in most cases via one shot intravenous injection or 30- and 60-minute intravenous drip infusion. Mean blood concentrations of CPR at 15 minutes after one shot intravenous injection of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 51.2, 70.5, and 123.5 micrograms/ml, with half-lives of 1.21, 1.39, and 1.53 hours, respectively. Urinary excretion rates in 6 hours were 63.6, 66.0 and 71.6%, respectively for the 3 dose levels. After 30- and 60-minute intravenous drip infusions at the same dose, the pharmacokinetic parameters observed were similar to those obtained with one shot injections. 3. Concentration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid CPR penetrated well into the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with purulent meningitis and levels of 1.85-24.2 micrograms/ml 45-60 minutes were achieved after intravenous injection at a dose of 40-80 mg/kg, the penetration rate of CPR was at an intermediate degree compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. 4. Clinical Results Clinical efficacies of CPR on infectious diseases were analyzed in 454 plus 3 cases which were complicated with other infectious diseases, hence totaling 457 cases out of 499 cases originally chosen for clinical evaluation. The remaining 45 cases were excluded from the clinical evaluation. As for the clinical efficacy, CPR was found to be effective (good or excellent) in 430 (94.1%) of the 457 cases. CPR was found to be effective in 243 (95.3%) of 255 cases for which causative bacteria were identified. The efficacy rate was 92.6% (187 of 202) in those cases in which causative bacteria were not identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children].

A new injectable cephem antibiotic, cefpirome (CPR), was evaluated clinically in children. CPR was effective in all the 17 evaluable cases with acute bacterial infections including 1 case of purulent meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Diarrhea and elevation of serum GOT and GPT were associated with CPR therapy in 2 young infants, although they were mild and transient. The plasma T 1/2 beta of CPR was 1.17 +/- 0.22 hours after bolus injection and mostly excreted in 6 to 8 hours into urine of children with normal renal functions. The data indicate that CPR is safe and effective, when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

Microsurgical toenail transfer to the hand.

Free nonvascularized toenail grafts have been used to reconstruct congenital or traumatic nail defects of the thumb or finger. Unfortunately, these transfers often result in deformity or atrophy. To avoid these undesirable results, microsurgical free vascularized toenail transfer was performed in 10 patients, 3 for congenital nail absence and 7 for traumatic nail defects. Patient age averaged 17 years (range 2 to 32 years). In contrast with previous reports, the whole big or second toenail complex without pulp was used in reconstruction. All 10 nails were successfully transferred with complete survival. No digits required reexploration. There were no donor- or recipient-site problems. Follow-up averaged 3 years, with a range of 14 months to 5 years and 4 months. Appropriate nail growth occurred in the congenital patients. No atrophy of the nail complex was found as long as sufficient bony support was present (9 of 10 cases). Whole free vascularized toenail transfers for reconstruction of congenital and traumatic nailbed defects achieve excellent aesthetic results while maintaining normal hand function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) on lymphocyte subsets of peripheral venous blood and thoracic duct lymph].

To study the effects of a protein bound polysaccharide (PSK) on the immune system in normal animal, lymphocytes subsets of both peripheral (PBL) and thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were analyzed in 6 week old male SPF Wistar-Imamichi rats before and after free feeding of forage which contained 2% of PSK. PBL and TDL were obtained at the time before, 4 weeks after and 8 weeks after administration of PSK. Age matched rats without administration of PSK were used as a control. Following the peripheral blood cell counts were carried out, lymphocytes subsets such as ratio of total T cells helper/inducer T (Th) cell, suppressor/cytotoxic T (Ts) cell and B cell were assayed using W3/13, W3/25, 0 X 8 and 0 X 4 monoclonal antibodies with laser flow cytometric technique (Orthospectrum III Orthodiagnostics). In terms of the PBL, number of total T cells and Th cells in PSK treated group were significantly lower than that of controls. However no statistical different could be obtained between these two groups in relation to the number of Ts cells and B cells. On the other hand, the number of T cells and Th cells in TDL of PSK treated groups were significantly higher than that of controls while Ts cell and B cell number did not show no apparent differences between these two groups. These findings indicate that oral administration of PSK have a potency to accelerate the transport of T cells from blood stream to lymphatic channel and also regulate their distribution in a normal healthy animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Application of a new compact and cell dense continuous culture system for LAK cells generated from cryo-preserved lymphocytes].

Recently, the adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells has been applied for various cancer patients. It is quite useful to generate LAK cells from cryo-preserved lymphocytes in order to make a rational treatment schedule. We made basic studies on the induction of LAK cells from frozen lymphocytes using our high yield continuous cell culture system. It was demonstrated that our culture bag can be used to proliferate frozen lymphocytes cultured in interleukin-2 (IL-2) to thirty four-fold the initial cell number in 14 days with comparable cytotoxicity to that of fresh lymphocytes cultured in the same system.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1990

Some effects of CNS cholinergic neurons on memory.

The aim of this study is to observe the relationship between the impairment in passive avoidance task induced in rats by the i.p. administration of muscarinic antagonists, scopolamine and methyl-scopolamine, and the change in acetylcholine (ACh) output induced by these drugs. Initially we studied the effects of these drugs on the animals' performance of a step-through passive avoidance task. We then measured the change in ACh levels after administration of these drugs using an in vivo brain dialysis technique. Scopolamine was effective in impairing the performance of the passive avoidance task, while methyl-scopolamine did not have clear effects on the performance of the task. With regard to ACh output, scopolamine increased ACh dose-dependently and methyl-scopolamine also affected ACh release. These data suggest that the accumulation of ACh in the synaptic cleft may be involved in the memory deficit induced by scopolamine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

Experimental neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives is due to poisoning by the monofluorinated organic metabolites, monofluoroacetic acid and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine.

Two metabolites of 5-fluorouracil (FU), monofluoroacetic acid (FA) and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL), were continuously administered into the left ventricle of the brain in cats for up to 1 month to investigate the mechanism of neurotoxicity of FU and its derivatives. The cumulative doses of FU and FBAL over a 1-month period were 1.5-45 mg (20 cats) and 0.2-4.8 mg (21 cats), respectively. As controls for each experimental group, acetic acid (AA) and beta-alanine (BAL) were administered. In terms of survival time in relation to the cumulative dose and molecular weight, FBAL was more toxic than FA. Neuropathologically, two types of change, vacuoles and necrosis/softening-like change, were found. The vacuoles were 20-50 microns in diameter, and distributed mainly in the cerebellar nuclei, white matter and the tectum and tegmentum of the brain stem in both experimental groups. Electron microscopically, these vacuoles were due to splitting of the myelin intraperiod line or separation between the axon and the innermost layer of myelin. Necrosis/softening-like change occurred preferentially in the FBAL group and was located symmetrically in the superior and inferior colliculi, oculomotor nuclei and thalamus. Both types of neuropathological change, especially those in the FBAL group, were similar to those found in cats orally administered with FU and its derivatives.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The antiarrhythmic effect of flecainide on halothane-epinephrine induced arrhythmias in dogs.

The antiarrhythmic effect of flecainide acetate (FCN), a newly developed class I antiarrhythmic drug, was evaluated on epinephrine (E)-halothane induced arrhythmias in dogs. The arrhythmogenic dose of E (ADE) under 1% of halothane was significantly increased from 0.71 +/- 0.08 to 1.08 +/- 0.11 and 1.84 +/- 0.23 micro g.kg(-1).min(-1) by the administration of 2 and 4 mg.kg(-1) of FCN, respectively. The arrhythmias induced by ADE in the absence of FCN were stopped by 1.78 +/- 0.29 mg.kg(-1) of FCN in bolus injections. These results suggest that FCN can be used for the treatment of arrhythmias that E contributes to under halothane anesthesia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

The effects of nicardipine given after 10-minutes complete global cerebral ischemia on neurologic recovery in dogs.

The effect of nicardipine (NC) on neurologic recovery from ischemic insult after 10-minutes complete global cerebral ischemia was evaluated in dogs by examination of neurologic recovery score (NRS: complete recovery = 100, death = 0). Ischemia was achieved by occlusion of ascending aorta, and NC, 10 microg.kg(-1) in bolus followed by infusion of 0.33 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) for 2 hours, was administered immediately after re-establishment of circulation. The mortality at 7th day was 2/9 in the control Copyright and 1/9 in the NC group (ns). NRS on 2nd day was 52.3 +/- 6.8 in the C and 70.6 +/- 6.5 in the NC ( P < 0.05), but that on 7th day did not differ between the two groups. The numbers of dogs recovered to over 80 in NRS on the 2nd day was 1/9 in the C and 5/9 in the NC ( P < 0.05), but that on the 7th day increased to 3/9 in the C and remained at 5/9 in the NC (ns). These results suggest that NC accelerates the early neurologic recovery from ischemic damage, but influences little the final outcome.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccine in young children.

A candidate live attenuated rotavirus vaccine representative of serotype 1 was administered orally to 26 children, 14 of whom were undergoing primary exposure to rotavirus. The vaccine was derived by reassortment between rhesus rotavirus strain, MMU 18006, and the human serotype 1 strain Wa. The resultant virus has the gene coding for the major surface glycoprotein VP-7 from the human strain and all other genes from the attenuated rhesus parent which is a serotype 3 strain. Prior natural exposure to rotavirus determined the infectivity and immunogenicity of the vaccine. Only two of 12 seropositive children had evidence of reinfection while all 14 seronegative children were infected. Mild febrile illness was seen in vaccinees, however there was no evidence of gastrointestinal disease. As determined by neutralization of the human strains, the resultant serum antibody was entirely strain specific. However, heterotypic neutralization was seen when the rhesus strains were used, suggesting that neutralizing antibody can be directed to shared components of the donor and reassortant strain presumably VP-4, the other major surface protein.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Study on the interaction of aromatic dyes with nucleic acids by means of UV, CD and NMR spectroscopies.

The interaction of several aromatic cationic dyes such as, ethidium bromide (EB), methylene blue (MB), acridine orange (AO), and Hoechst 33258 with calf-thymus DNA and poly(A)-poly(U) duplex was investigated. The different induced extrinsic Cotton effects (greater than 300 nm) were observed for DNA- and RNA-dye complexes. The binding properties of these complexes were examined by UV, CD, and NMR spectroscopies.

Acridine Orange↗