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Biomedical subjects

T Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Taguchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Investigation of anti-emetic effect of ondansetron tablet in multiple doses on nausea and emesis associated with cisplatin].

The anti-emetic effects, safety and usefulness of ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days, were investigated in patients receiving a high single dose (greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2 or 75 mg/body) or lower multiple doses (greater than or equal to 15-20 mg/m2/day for 3-5 consecutive days) of cisplatin. Ondansetron 4 mg was administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days. Efficacy rates in controlling nausea and emesis over the 3-5 days were 77.3% (17/22 cases) and 66.7% (6/9 cases) in patients receiving a high single dose and lower multiple doses of cisplatin, respectively. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (headache and elevation of blood pressure in one case and only headache in the other case.). Abnormality in clinical laboratory findings was observed in 1 case. From the above, ondansetron, showing high efficacy by oral administration 4 mg once daily for 3-5 consecutive days, without any problem in safety, was considered to be a useful anti-emetic agent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Examination of inhibitory effect, safety and usefulness of SN-307 (ondansetron) administered orally once daily for 3-5 consecutive days on nausea and emesis associated with non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].

We examined the anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, given orally once daily at the dosage of 4 mg, for 3 to 5 consecutive days to patients with nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and carboplatin. Out of 84 cases where anti-emetic effects were evaluated, numbers of cases assessed as excellent and good were 36 (83.3%) and 34 (40.5%), respectively, the efficacy rate being 83.3% (70/84). Side effects, such as moderate constipation (3 cases) and mild headache (3 cases), were observed in 8/85 cases (9.4%). Abnormalities in clinical laboratory findings including elevation of hepatic function and uricacid values and increase in eosinocyte counts, were observed in 3/85 cases (3.5%). As to overall safety, 78/85 cases (91.8%) were evaluated as having no problem in safety, and 7/85 cases (8.2%), as having minor problem in safety. As to clinical usefulness based on anti-emetic effect and overall safety, out of 79 cases the drug was assessed as very useful in 29 cases (36.7%) and useful in 35 cases (44.3%), the rate of "useful" or above being 81.0% (64/79). Furthermore, when ondansetron was administered in 3 courses of chemotherapy, though the number of patients was small, it was shown that anti-emetic effect of ondansetron did not decline and no problem in safety was observed. From the above, ondansetron which exerted adequate anti-emetic effect in 4 mg once daily doses was considered as a useful and safe anti-emetic in treatment of nausea and emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of SN-307 (ondansetron), given intravenously for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin-open study].

The anti-emetic effect, safety and clinical usefulness of ondansetron for the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin, was evaluated by a multi-institutional study in patients with various malignancies. In this study, ondansetron was given intravenously with mainly a single dose of 4 mg to intervene nausea and vomiting. 1. Efficacy ratio of overall effects on nausea and emesis observed for 24 hours after treatment was 69.8%. 2. No side effect was observed. Laboratory tests showed temporary elevation of serum uric acid level in 1 patient in the group given 4 mg. 3. From these results, it seems that ondansetron, given intravenously after initial vomiting, was highly safe and clinically useful anti-emetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with anti-cancer drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-emetic effect and safety of single dose of ondansetron injection in double-blind comparison study with placebo].

In order to make an objective evaluation of anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of ondansetron injection in nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, we carried out a double-blind placebo controlled comparative study in patients receiving high-single dose (50 mg/m2 or more) of cisplatin. Either 4 mg of ondansetron or saline injection was given intravenously at 15 min. before administration of cisplatin. If anti-emetic effect of the test drug was insufficient, an additional dose of 4mg of ondansetron was given intravenously, as the rescue medication. Ondansetron was significantly superior to placebo in anti-emetic effect (p < 0.001). Efficacy rates were 66.7% (22/33 cases) in ondansetron and 20.0% (6/30 cases) in placebo groups. Seven and 21 cases required rescue medication with 4 mg single intravenous dose of ondansetron due to insufficiency of anti-emetic effect, in ondansetron group and placebo group, respectively. Thus the number of patients who required rescue medication was obviously greater in placebo group than that in ondansetron group. The rates of inhibitory effect of rescue medication on nausea and emesis were 14.3% (1/7 cases) in ondansetron group and 61.9% (13/21 cases) in placebo group. Side effects were observed in 1 case (eruption) in ondansetron group and in 2 cases (headache, diarrhoea; 1 case each) in placebo group. Furthermore, fever developed in 1 case in placebo group after the rescue medication. Elevation of total bilirubin value was observed in 2 cases in ondansetron group and 1 case in placebo group, however, these changes were mild and did not pose noteworthy clinical problem. From these results, ondansetron was shown to possess an excellent anti-emetic effect on nausea and emesis induced by highly emetogenic anti-cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, and to have no problem in safety, and thus it was considered to be a useful anti-emetic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Anti-emetic effect and safety of ondansetron tablet in double-blind comparison with placebo].

Ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has already been reported to have a marked effect to alleviate or prevent nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, after its intravenous administration. The present study was planned to examine the usefulness of its tablet form, which was prepared for the convenient use in outpatients receiving chemotherapy. In order to make an objective evaluation of anti-emetic effect and safety of ondansetron 4 mg tablet, this study was conducted in double-blind comparison versus placebo in patients receiving cisplatin at a single dose of 50mg/m2 or higher. Either 4 mg of ondansetron or placebo (lactose tablet) was administered orally once at 2 hrs prior to administration of cisplatin. If any satisfactory anti-emetic effects were not obtained, 4 mg of ondansetron injection was given once intravenously as a rescue medication. The inhibitory effect on nausea and vomiting was assessed in 4 grades as "excellent", "good", "fair" and "poor" based on severity of nausea and number of vomiting that occurred during the first 24hrs after administration of cisplatin. When rescue medication was conducted, the case was assessed as "poor". Ondansetron was significantly superior to placebo in inhibition of nausea and vomiting, in which efficacy rates (excellent+good) of ondansetron and placebo groups were 58.1% (25/43 cases) and 16.7% (7/42 cases), respectively. Number of cases requiring rescue medication with ondansetron injection was obviously greater in placebo group (31 cases) than that in ondansetron group (12 cases). In those patients given ondansetron injection as the rescue medication, satisfactory effects were obtained in 5 cases in ondansetron group and in 18 cases in placebo group. Although side effects including chest itching (ondansetron group), headache and dull headache (placebo group) were observed after the rescue medication with ondansetron injection, these symptoms were not severe and disappeared after 1-2 days. As mentioned above, ondansetron tablet was shown to possess excellent anti-emetic effect on nausea and emesis induced by high dose of cisplatin and to have no problem in safety. Hence ondansetron was proven to be clinically very useful anti-emetic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of SN-307 (ondansetron), given intravenously in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin--a placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study].

Clinical usefulness of ondansetron as an antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs including cisplatin (> or = 50 mg/m2) was evaluated by a multi-institutional, double-blind comparative study with placebo with inpatients with various malignancies. In this study, efficacy, safety and usefulness of single dose of ondansetron (4 mg) or placebo (physiological saline), given intravenously for initial nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after treatment. Clinically, very effective or effective response was seen in 64% (16/25) of the group O (ondansetron) and 5.9% (1/17) of the group P (placebo). No clinically significant adverse effects or abnormal laboratory test values were reported in the group of O. Diarrhea (1 case) and the elevation of laboratory test values (GOT.GPT, T-bilirubin, LDH, in 3 cases) were reported in the group of P. General safety assessment was considered "safe" in 100% of both group O and group P, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. Usefulness was considered as "useful" in 64% (16/25) of group O and 6.3% (1/16) of group P, and O was significantly better than group P (p < 0.001) level. In conclusion, ondansetron provides a safe and effective antiemetic measure when employed therapeutically against nausea and vomiting induced by regimens including cisplatin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of anomalous course of the pulmonary vein with a tracheobronchus].

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of a loop-like abnormal shadow in the middle lower lung field on chest X-ray film. Pulmonary angiograms demonstrated staining of the abnormal shadow during the venous phase. The abnormal vein descended from the right upper lobe to the middle lobe and then tortuously made a loop upward to drain into the left atrium. A part of the right apical vein was stenosed. The right apical segmental bronchus directly branched from the trachea. These observations indicate that the abnormalities may have originated in the prenatal period. Cases of anomalous course of the pulmonary vein are very rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Usefulness and limitations of ECG-gated myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) in patients with prior myocardial infarction].

To evaluate the relationship between regional wall motion and 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) uptake, ECG-gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-MIBI was performed in 20 patients with prior myocardial infarction. The left ventricular images at end-diastole (ED) and end-systole (ES) were divided into 39 segments, respectively. Based on circumferential profile analysis, relative uptake (%EDc, %ESc), percent count increase (% delta C), and normalized percent count increase (% delta Cn) were analyzed in each segment and compared with regional wall motion indices assessed by echocardiography and left ventriculography. ECG-gated SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI provided high contrast tomograms of the left ventricular myocardium. %EDc and %ESc showed good correlations with regional wall motion indices. % delta C and % delta Cn, however, showed lower correlations compared with %EDc and %ESc. In conclusion, high-quality left ventricular images were obtained with 99mTc-MIBI ECG-gated SPECT, but quantitative analysis based on only percent count increase (% delta C) have limitations for evaluation of regional wall motion.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Myocardial emission computed tomography with iodine-123-labeled beta-methyl-branched fatty acid in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

We studied whether emission computed tomography (ECT) with 123I-labeled 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) shows myocardial distribution different from 201Tl in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In 10 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), 5 with diffuse hypertrophy and 2 with apical hypertrophy, ECT was acquired 30 min (early) and 4 hr (late) after injection of 123I-BMIPP at rest and was compared with ECT with 201Tl. In 10 patients with ASH, the relative regional uptake (RRU) of the septum was lower in the early 123I-BMIPP study than in the 201Tl study, although that of the posterior wall was similar. In the early and late 123I-BMIPP studies, the RRU of the septum was lower in 10 patients with ASH than in 7 without ASH, although that of the posterior wall was similar. In the 201Tl study, however, the RRU of both the septum and posterior wall was similar in those with and without ASH. Moreover, in 16 patients, the apparent left ventricular size was larger in the early 123I-BMIPP study than in the 201Tl study, which suggested reduced 123I-BMIPP uptake in the subendocardium. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, thus, 123I-BMIPP imaging may reveal impaired regional fatty acid utilization, which is independent of regional perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Beneficial effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate on brain regional energy metabolism after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the possible therapeutic effects of naftidrofuryl on energy metabolism of brain regions impaired for extended periods by microsphere embolism. Nine hundred microspheres (48 microns in diameter) were injected into the right internal carotid artery of rats, and changes in their behavior and energy metabolism of the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of both hemispheres were determined with and without naftidrofuryl treatment. Microsphere embolism induced increases in lactate, glucose and glycogen contents and decreases in ATP and creatine phosphate of these brain regions of the right hemisphere for up to 28 days after the operation, suggesting long-lasting cerebral ischemia or sustained damage to energy metabolism. These changes were gradually reversed with time after the operation. Microsphere-injected rats were treated twice a day with 15 mg/kg naftidrofuryl, and their behavioral and metabolic protection were determined on the 3rd, 5th and 28th days after the operation. Treatment of embolized animals with naftidrofuryl improved these variables appreciably on the 3rd and 28th days, but little on the 5th day. The improvement on the 3rd day was more evident in all brain regions monitored than that on the 28th day. The results suggest that naftidrofuryl exerts beneficial effects on the energy metabolism of brains damaged by microsphere embolism, the mechanism of which may be due to protection against the development of embolism-induced derangement.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for gastrointestinal cancers. 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group].

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex for gastrointestinal cancers, was conducted by the 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group consisting of 16 institutions. 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion. This administration was repeated at 4-week intervals. The cases in which 254-S could be administered at least two times were regarded as complete cases evaluable for tumor response; of 75 cases registered, 53 were complete cases (29 cases with esophageal cancer, 12 with stomach cancer and 12 with colon cancer). As a result, 15 partial responses (PR) were obtained in the 29 patients with esophageal cancer and 1 PR from the 12 patients with stomach cancer, for a 51.7% and 8.3% response rate, respectively. 5 PR (55.6%) were obtained in 9 esophageal cancer patients with prior chemotherapy, including 2 PR in 4 patients previously treated with cisplatin. Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity including thrombocytopenia (59.0%), leukopenia (68.9%) and anemia (57.4%) and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea and vomiting (63.9%) and anorexia (41.0%); since grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed with an incidence of 27.9%, careful monitoring seems to be required during the treatment with this product. Abnormal parameter changes on renal function included elevations of BUN (18.0%) and serum creatinine (9.8%). Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[A phase I study of DWA2114R].

Phase I study of DWA2114R, a new platinum analogue, was conducted in 39 patients with various tumor types by a group of 13 institutions. Of the 39 patients entered in this study, 35 were evaluable. The starting dose was 40 mg/m2 (1N) and the drug was administered i.v. for 20-30 min, escalating stepwisely up to 1,000 mg/m2 (25 N). The dose limiting factor (DLF) was leukocytopenia, especially neutrocytopenia, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was more than 1,000 mg/m2. Major clinical toxicity was gastrointestinal. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were mild. Following administration of the drug, plasma concentrations of total and filterable platinum (Pt) showed a triphasic and biphasic decays. Excretion into urine within 24 hours was in the range of 54.2% to 92.2% of the administered platinum. The recommended dose of phase II study was 800-1,000 mg/m2, repeating every 3-4 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Phase I study of a new platinum complex 254-S, cis-diammine (glycolato)-platinum (II)].

A new platinum complex 254-S had a superior preclinical therapeutic indices compared to cisplatin, showing decreased renal and gastrointestinal toxicities. Phase I clinical study with a single dose schedule was conducted to investigate the safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and possible efficacy against various advanced cancers by a cooperative study of 10 institutions. The drug was administered by i.v. infusion for 60 min dissolved in 250 ml of 5% xylitol solution, without the use of hydration and antiemetics. At least 3 patients at each dose level of 10, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 120 mg/m2 were tested and 28 patients were entered into this study. Myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia, appeared strongly at dose level of 80 mg/m2 and dose limiting thrombocytopenia was found in 2 of 5 patients. Leukocytopenia was also dose-related but moderate. Platelet and WBC nadirs occurred around 3 weeks after administration with recovery in about one week. Although slight elevation of BUN and creatinine were temporarily observed in a few cases, no significant renal toxicity was observed. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting were observed in the majority of patients, but milder than cisplatin. In conclusion, 254-S has demonstrated reduced non-hematologic toxicities as compared to cisplatin. This drug appears to be well tolerated and 120 mg/m2 was maximum tolerated dose. The recommended dose for phase II studies was thought to be 100 mg/m2 by i.v. infusion every 4 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for advanced breast cancer].

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex for advanced breast cancer, was conducted by the 254-S Breast Cancer Study Group consisting of 6 institutions nation-wide. Considering the results of the phase I clinical study, 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion and this administration was repeated at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. Of 19 patients registered, 16 were evaluable for tumor response (complete cases). Partial response (PR) was obtained in 2 patients, for a 12.5% response rate. Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea and vomiting, and anorexia), though there was no case in which the treatment with 254-S had to be discontinued due to the toxic effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Novel function for intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. Murine CD3+, gamma/delta TCR+ T cells produce IFN-gamma and IL-5.

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from mice are greater than 80% CD3+ T cells and could be separated into four subsets according to expression of CD4 and CD8. In our studies designed to assess the functions of IEL, namely, cytokine production, it was important to initially characterize the various subsets of T cells that reside in IEL. The major subset was CD4-, CD8+ (75% of CD3+ T cells), which contained approximately 45 to 65% gamma/delta TCR+ and 35 to 45% alpha/beta TCR+ T cells. Approximately 7.5% of IEL T cells were CD4-, CD8- (double negative) and gamma/delta+ population. On the other hand, CD4+, CD8+ (double positive) and CD4+, CD8- fractions represented 10% and 7.5% of CD3+ T cells, respectively, which were all alpha/beta TCR+. Inasmuch as CD3+, CD4-, CD8+ T cells are a major subset of IEL which contain both gamma/delta TCR or alpha/beta TCR-bearing cells, the present study was focused on the capability of this subset of IEL T cells to produce the cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-5. Both gamma/delta TCR+ and alpha/beta TCR+ IEL spontaneously produced IFN-gamma and IL-5, although higher frequencies of cytokine spot-forming cells were associated with the alpha/beta TCR+ subset. Approximately 30% of CD8+, gamma/delta TCR+ cells produced both cytokines, whereas approximately 90% of alpha/beta TCR+ T cells produced either IFN-gamma or IL-5. Both gamma/delta TCR+ and alpha/beta TCR+ IEL possessed large quantities of cytokine-specific mRNA, clearly showing that these IEL were programmed for cytokine production. When IEL were activated with anti-gamma/delta or anti-CD8 antibodies, higher numbers of IFN-gamma and IL-5 spot-forming cells were noted. The present study has provided direct evidence that a major function of IEL involves cytokine production, and this is the first evidence that gamma/delta TCR+ cells in IEL possess the capability of producing both IL-5 and IFN-gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Purification of a K(+)-channel protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum by assaying the channel activity in the planar lipid bilayer system.

A K(+)-channel protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was purified by assaying the channel activity in a planar lipid bilayer system. The light fraction of SR vesicles was solubilized in 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and fractionated by an anion-exchange chromatography and followed by gel filtration chromatography and affinity chromatography with concanavalin A. All fractions in each steps were mixed with asolectin solubilized in CHAPS and reconstituted into vesicles by dialysis. The channel activity of each fraction was assayed after the reconstituted vesicles had been fused into a planar lipid bilayer. The final fraction which showed the K(+)-channel activity contained only 100 kDa protein in a silver-stained gel after SDS-PAGE and an anti-Ca(2+)-ATPase antibody did not recognize the protein. The characteristics of the K(+)-channel were identical to those observed in native SR vesicles when using the same method. The channel showed a single-channel conductance of 120 pS in 0.1 M KCl and marked voltage dependence. The channel did not permeate Ca2+ and Cl- and was blocked by neomycin B.

Animals↗