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Biomedical subjects

T Tagawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Tagawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pedunculated oncocytic carcinoma in buccal mucosa: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

PURPOSE: In this study we evaluated pedunculated oncocytic carcinoma (OC) in the buccal mucosa via immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. PATIENT AND METHODS: An 84-year-old man was referred to our clinic with a pedunculated mass about 4 cm in diameter in the right buccal mucosa. An incision biopsy revealed the diagnosis of oncocytic tumor, and enucleation was performed. The tumor was stained for immunohistochemical analysis using the ABC method and antibodies against cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin, S-100 protein and muscle-specific actin, respectively. The tumor was stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for visualization by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Histopathology results revealed that the tumor consisted of oncocytic cells, characterized by eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm, and atypical nuclei. These cells had infiltrated local blood vessels, salivary glands and muscles. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that these cells were positive for CK and EMA, and negative for desmin, muscle-specific actin and S-100 protein. Electron microscopy revealed numerous dilated cytoplasmic mitochondria, and the cell contours and nucleic shapes of tumor cells were often irregular. CONCLUSIONS: Because the histopathologic features of OC are similar to those of benign oncocytoma, the diagnosis of OC must be confirmed by a combination of clinical and ultrastructural characteristics.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical treatment for stage IV lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal surgical indication in stage IV lung cancer patients, we evaluated them retrospectively. METHODS & RESULTS: From 1975 to 2005, 62 patients without multiple metastases were operated at our hospital. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (67.7%). The metastatic lesions were lung (33.9%), brain (24.2%), liver, bone, adrenal gland and so on. The overall survival rate of stage IV lung cancer was 10.4% at 5-year. Five-year survival for patients with lung or brain metastasis who had no lymph node metastasis were significantly more superior than those with lymph node metastasis (p=0.0389, 0.0021). Four of 62 patients had 5-year survival. Two were lung and the others were brain and adrenal gland metastasis without lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Stage IV lung cancer with lung or brain or adrenal gland metastasis without lymph node metastasis should be resected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are differentially involved in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch and the liver at an early stage after bile duct ligation in mice.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Surgical management of extrahepatic cholestasis is frequently complicated by bacterial translocation and severe liver injury. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of bacterial translocation and liver injury in obstructive cholestasis. METHODS: TLR2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)), MyD88(-/-), Jalpha281(-/-), gld/gld, and lpr/lpr mice, all of which have a C57BL/6 background, and C3H/HeN and TLR4 mutated C3H/HeJ mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL). Faecal IgA and serum alanine aminotransferase levels were determined after BDL. Apoptosis was examined by histological and flow cytometric analyses of cells from Peyer's patches and the liver. RESULTS: The size and number of B cells in Peyer's patches markedly decreased on day 3 after BDL. Increased apoptosis in Peyer's patch B cells was evident on day 1 after BDL in control mice but not in lpr/lpr, MyD88(-/-), or C3H/HeJ mice. On the other hand, TLR2 and Fas ligand expression on intrahepatic NK1.1(+) T cells increased on day 1 after BDL in C57BL/6 mice. Liver injury and apoptosis were evident on day 1 after BDL in control and C3H/HeJ mice but were significantly reduced in TLR2(-/-), Jalpha281(-/-), gld/gld, and lpr/lpr mice. CONCLUSIONS: TLR4 and TLR2 may play important roles in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch B cells and hepatocytes, respectively, at an early stage after BDL in mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2005

A case of double cancer involving oral malignant melanoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

We report a very rare case of double cancer involving palatal malignant melanoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal tract originating from a primitive mesenchymal cell. After chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and treatment with interferon and OK-432, the GIST was resected and the melanoma disappeared. The patient has had no evidence of recurrent tumor, and the patient's clinical course has been uneventful for 1 year. This is probably the first report of synchronous double cancer involving oral malignant melanoma and GIST.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Clinicostatistical study of carotid calcification on panoramic radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate carotid calcifications on panoramic radiographs, and relate to risk factors for vascular diseases. METHOD: Between 1997 and 2001, 2568 radiographs were retrospectively collected from new patients at Mie University Hospital whose ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. The mean age of the subjects was 62.2 years (men 61.9 years, women 62.3 years). Medical and social data were collected from case notes, and body weight, height, and age of menopause confirmed by telephone interviews. RESULT: About 106 carotid calcifications were found on the panoramic radiographs of 26 males and 80 females. The ratio of males to females was 1:3.07. The subjects with carotid calcifications had medical histories that included hypertension (27.6%), obesity (21.1%), hyperlipidemia (14.5%), and cardiovascular diseases (13.2%), all with recognized risk factors for atheromas. Of 76 patients who responded to follow up interviews, two (2.63%) died from cardiovascular stroke during an average follow up of 2.43 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results show carotid calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs can be used to help predict vascular strokes in patients. In cases where calcified carotid artery atheromas are detected, the dentist or oral and maxillofacial surgeon should refer the patient to a specialized physician.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A single dose of nateglinide improves post-challenge glucose metabolism and endothelial dysfunction in Type 2 diabetic patients.

AIMS: This randomized crossover placebo-controlled study aimed to assess the efficacy of nateglinide, a phenylalanine-derived insulin secretagogue, on forearm endothelial function in diabetic subjects before and after an oral glucose load. METHODS: Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography during reactive hyperaemia before and after an oral glucose load (75 g) with a prior use of placebo or nateglinide (90 mg) in 15 diet-treated Type 2 diabetic patients or age-matched controls with normal glucose tolerance. RESULTS: The peak FBF response and total reactive hyperaemic flow (flow debt repayment: FDR), indices of resistance artery endothelial function, were decreased after an oral glucose load in diabetic patients, but unchanged in controls. Nateglinide administered to diabetic patients accelerated insulin secretion and reduced post-challenge plasma glucose, and also abolished the post-challenge impairment of endothelial function. The peak FBF and FDR were well correlated with 120-min glucose levels and 30-min insulinogenic index. CONCLUSIONS: A single challenge of glucose was shown to impair endothelial function in diabetic patients, and the post-challenge endothelial dysfunction was improved by a prior use of nateglinide. Long-term effects of nateglinide on endothelial function in Type 2 diabetic patients need to be clarified in future studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Effects of near-infrared irradiation to stellate ganglion in glossodynia.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the effect of stellate ganglion near-infrared irradiation (SGR) on glossodynia and the mechanism of action. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-seven patients with glossodynia received SGR once weekly for 4 weeks. The response to treatment was evaluated on the basis of the change in pain intensity, assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after 4 weeks of treatment. The temperature and blood flow of the tongue were also measured before and after first SGR. As control, eight healthy subjects were studied. RESULTS: Tongue pain as assessed by the VAS decreased in 28 of the 37 patients (75.7%). Mean pain intensity decreased significantly from 5.1 +/- 2.2 to 1.9 +/- 2.1 (P < 0.05). Tongue blood flow at rest in the patients with glossodynia [7.2 +/- 1.6 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1)] was significantly lower than that in the healthy subjects [7.8 +/- 0.23 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1)]. Five minutes after SGR, the temperature of the tongue rose 1.5 +/- 0.21 degrees C, and blood flow increased to 8.5 +/- 1.2 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1). Tongue blood flow (at rest) after 4 weeks of SGR had increased to 7.7 +/- 1.1 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1). CONCLUSION: SGR is an effective treatment for glossodynia. The mechanism by which SGR improves symptoms associated with glossodynia is thought to be as follows: SGR inhibits abnormally increased sympathetic activity associated with glossodynia. This is followed by normalization of decreased tongue blood flow, thereby alleviating pain.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A case of thrombosis mimicking a buccal tumour: usefulness of MRI.

A rare case of thrombosis mimicking a tumour in the buccal region is reported. Since the entire round mass was located deeply, it was difficult to diagnose. Contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound examinations may be useful, but MRI was most useful in this case because it allowed prediction of different kinds of histological structures in the soft tissue. The findings of T1 weighted imaging, T2 weighted imaging and examination with Gd-DTPA on T1 weighted imaging are useful for predicting the character of deeper soft tissue masses, and can differentiate thrombosis from lymphadenopathy, lipoma and other lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy of immunoliposomes on cancer models in a cell-surface-antigen-density-dependent manner.

We have recently established a cancer-reactive human monoclonal antibody, GAH, with a positive ratio of over 90% against stomach cancer. GAH was formulated as polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified immunoliposomal doxorubicin (DXR) (ILD) and its efficacy was examined against gastrointestinal human cancers. In in vitro studies, a comparison of ILD with PEG-modified liposomal DXR (LD) demonstrated that ILD had dose-dependent cytotoxicity for GAH-reactive B37 cancer cells, but not LD. In concordance with this result, microscopic observations showed that ILD was bound to and GAH-dependently internalised by B37 cells. In in vivo studies, ILD exhibited significantly greater antitumour activity on cancer xenograft models than LD or free DXR. The relation between efficacy and antigen density was examined on 10 xenograft models bearing cancer cells with varying GAH reactivity. Immunoliposomal doxorubicin therapeutic activity correlated with the antigen density, with a minimum number being required. Also, ILD revealed strong antitumour activity on cancers with low sensitivity to DXR or LD, suggesting that ILD overcame the DXR resistance of antigen-positive cancer cells. Thus, these results show that GAH endows liposomes with targeting activity, resulting in strong efficacy against gastrointestinal cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of low-level laser irradiation on osteoglycin gene expression in osteoblasts.

Many studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanism of the biostimulatory effects of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI), but the molecular basis of these effects remains obscure. We investigated the stimulatory effect of LLLI on bone formation during the early proliferation stage of cultured osteoblastic cells. A mouse calvaria-derived osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1, was utilised to perform a cDNA microarray hybridisation to identify genes that induced expression by LLLI at the early stage. Among those genes that showed at least a twofold increased expression, the osteoglycin/mimecan gene was upregulated 2.3-fold at 2 h after LLLI. Osteoglycin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix which was previously called the osteoinductive factor. SLRP are abundantly contained in the bone matrix, cartilage cells and connective tissues, and are thought to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and adhesion in close association with collagen and many other growth factors. We investigated the time-related expression of this gene by LLLI using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and more precisely with a real-time PCR method, and found increases of 1.5-2-fold at 2-4 h after LLLI compared with the non-irradiated controls. These results suggest that the increased expression of the osteoglycin gene by LLLI in the early proliferation stage of cultured osteoblastic cells may play an important role in the stimulation of bone formation in concert with matrix proteins and growth factors.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of the development of ectopic chondroid/bone matrix and chondrogenic/osteogenic cells during osteoinduction by rhBMP-2: a histochemical and ultrastructural study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of ectopic chondroid/bone matrix and chondrogenic/osteogenic cells induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: rhBMP-2 (5 microg) combined with atelocollagen was implanted into calf muscles of rats and removed on days 7, 10, 14, 21, or 28. Tissue sections were examined using: (i) hematoxylin/Alcian blue/Sirius red stain, (ii) enzyme histochemistry for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, (iii) immunohistochemistry for types I, II, and X collagen, and (iv) electron microscopy. RESULTS: On day 7, numerous fibroblast-like cells with ALP activity were present on the pellet rim. On day 10, chondroid matrix (CM) had formed, contained both type I collagen and proteoglycans, and often continued into the BMP pellet. On day 14, bone-like matrix formed around hypertrophic chondrocytes simultaneously with endochondral ossification. Coexpression of types I and II collagen within chondrocytes and osteocytes was observed throughout the time course of the experiment. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fibroblast-like cells invading the pellet differentiate into chondrocytes and form CM under the scaffold of the carrier component. It appears that some chondrocytes change their phenotype to produce the bone-like matrix and remain within the endochondral bone. This process enables rapid osteogenesis to occur.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2003

Medullary and supramedullary mechanisms regulating sympathetic vasomotor tone.

AIM: Neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) that project directly to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord play a critical role in maintaining tonic activity in sympathetic vasomotor nerves. Intracellular recordings in vivo from putative RVLM presympathetic neurons have demonstrated that under resting conditions these neurons display an irregular tonic firing rate, and also receive both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. This paper will briefly review some recent findings on the role of glutamate, GABA and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors in maintaining the tonic activity of RVLM presympathetic neurons. RESULTS: Based on these findings, the following hypotheses will be discussed: (1) RVLM neurons receive tonic glutamatergic excitatory inputs, which originate from both medullary and supramedullary sources; (2) at least some neurons that project to and tonically inhibit RVLM presympathetic neurons are themselves tonically inhibited by GABAergic inputs originating from neurons in the caudalmost part of the ventrolateral medulla (caudal pressor area); (3) under normal conditions, Ang II receptors in the RVLM do not contribute significantly to the tonic activity of RVLM presympathetic neurons, but may do so in abnormal conditions such as heart failure or neurogenic hypertension; (4) RVLM presympathetic neurons maintain a significant level of tonic resting activity even when glutamate, GABA and Ang II receptors on the neurons are completely blocked. Under these conditions, the tonic activity is a consequence either of the intrinsic membrane properties of the neurons (autoactivity) or of synaptic inputs mediated by receptors other than glutamate, GABA or Ang II receptors. CONCLUSION: The current evidence indicates that the resting activity of RVLM presympathetic neurons is determined by the balance of powerful tonic excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Ang II receptors also contribute to the raised resting activity of these neurons in some pathological conditions.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2003

A case of solitary pulmonary lymphangioma.

Solitary pulmonary lymphangiomas are rare benign lesions thought to result from the development of abnormally proliferating lymphatic vessels. This report describes a case of solitary pulmonary lymphangioma resected under video assisted thoracoscopic surgery and diagnosed using histological and immunohistochemical investigations.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Long-term response to zonisamide in patients with West syndrome.

The long-term effectiveness of zonisamide (ZNS) was evaluated in 11 patients with West syndrome (7 symptomatic) who had cessation of spasms with ZNS monotherapy. During the follow-up period (24 to 79 months, mean = 53 months), this response was maintained in 7 patients (3 symptomatic, relapse rate = 36%), including 2 children in whom ZNS was successfully discontinued. No serious adverse reactions were noted. ZNS may be both effective and well tolerated for the treatment of West syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Characterisation of LMD virus-like nanoparticles self-assembled from cationic liposomes, adenovirus core peptide mu and plasmid DNA.

Liposome:mu:DNA (LMD) is a ternary nucleic acid delivery system built around the mu peptide associated with the condensed core complex of the adenovirus. LMD is prepared by precondensing plasmid DNA (D) with mu peptide (M) in a 1:0.6 (w/w) ratio and then combining these mu:DNA (MD) complexes with extruded cationic liposomes (L) resulting in a final lipid:mu:DNA ratio of 12:0.6:1 (w/w/w). Correct buffer conditions, reagent concentrations and rates of mixing are all crucial to success. However, once optimal conditions are established, homogeneous LMD particles (120 +/- 30 nm) will result that each appear to comprise an MD particle encapsulated within a cationic bilammellar liposome. LMD particles can be formulated reproducibly, they are amenable to long-term storage (>1 month) at -80 degrees C and are stable to aggregation at a plasmid DNA concentration up to 5 mg/ml (15 mM nucleotide concentration). Furthermore, LMD transfections are significantly more time and dose efficient in vitro than cationic liposome-plasmid DNA (LD) transfections. Transfection times as short as 10 min and plasmid DNA doses as low as 0.001 microg/well result in significant gene expression. LMD transfections will also take place in the presence of biological fluids (eg up to 100% serum) giving 15-25% the level of gene expression observed in the absence of serum. Results from confocal microscopy experiments using fluorescent-labelled LMD particles suggest that endocytosis is not a significant barrier to LMD transfection, although the nuclear membrane still is. We also confirm that topical lung transfection in vivo by LMD is at least equal in absolute terms with transfection mediated by GL-67:DOPE:DMPE-PEG(5000) (1:2:0.05 m/m/m), an accepted 'gold-standard' non-viral vector system for topical lung transfection, and is in fact at least six-fold more dose efficient. All these features make LMD an important new non-viral vector platform system from which to derive tailor-made non-viral delivery systems by a process of systematic modular upgrading.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2002

Central mechanisms underlying short- and long-term regulation of the cardiovascular system.

1. Sympathetic vasomotor nerves play a major role in determining the level of arterial blood pressure and the distribution of cardiac output. The present review will discuss briefly the central regulatory mechanisms that control the sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system in the short and long term. 2. In the short term, the sympathetic vasomotor outflow is regulated by: (i) homeostatic feedback mechanisms, such as the baroreceptor or chemoreceptor reflexes; or (ii) feed-forward mechanisms that evoke cardiovascular changes as part of more complex behavioural responses. 3. The essential central pathways that subserve the baroreceptor reflex and, to a lesser extent, other cardiovascular reflexes, have been identified by studies in both anaesthetized and conscious animals. A critical component of these pathways is a group of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla that project directly to the spinal sympathetic outflow and that receive inputs from both peripheral receptors and higher centres in the brain. 4. Much less is known about the central pathways subserving feed-forward or 'central command' responses, such as the cardiovascular changes that occur during exercise or that are evoked by a threatening or alerting stimulus. However, recent evidence indicates that the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a critical component of the pathways mediating the cardiovascular response to an acute alerting stimulus. 5. Long-term sustained changes in sympathetic vasomotor activity occur under both physiological conditions (e.g. a change in salt intake) and pathophysiological conditions (e.g. heart failure). There is evidence that the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus is a critical component of the pathways mediating these changes. 6. Understanding the central mechanisms involved in the long-term regulation of sympathetic activity and blood pressure is a major challenge for the future. As a working hypothesis, a model is presented of the postulated central mechanisms that result in sustained changes in sympathetic vasomotor activity that are evoked by different types of chronic stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Pilot-plant study on anaerobic treatment of a lipid- and protein-rich food industrial wastewater by a thermophilic multi-staged UASB reactor.

An on-site pilot-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of a multi-staged UASB (MS-UASB) reactor by feeding with a food processing wastewater containing high strength of lipid and protein. The reactor was operated at a thermophilic condition (55 degrees C) for a period of 600 days. The reactor finally achieved 50 kgCOD.m(-3) d(-1) with a soluble COD removal of 90% (based on the influent total COD versus the effluent filtered COD), while the overall COD removal (based on the effluent COD-total) as considerably unsatisfactory at around only 60-70%. The presence of high strength of lipid and protein along with high concentration of Mg and Ca ions in the raw wastewater caused a severe scum and/or insolubilized substance formation within the UASB sludge bed, resulting in hindering the contact efficiency between substrate and sludge. The replacement of active microbial granules in the sludge bed with the insolubilized protein and lipid brought about deterioration of sludge methanogenic activity.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗