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Biomedical subjects

T Tabata

Publications and source records attributed to T Tabata.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Neutrophil elastase in postoperative pleural effusion of patients who had undergone pulmonary resections].

We determined whether activity of neutrophil elastase increases in pleural effusion after lobectomy for the neoplasm in the lung. Samples of pleural effusion were obtained 3 and 24 h postoperatively and samples of the peripheral blood were obtained preoperatively, 3 h, 24 h, and 1 w postoperatively, then the neutrophil counts, the levels of neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-antitrypsin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the activity of neutrophil elastase using succinyl-(L-alanine) 3-p-nitroanilide were measured. We found that the levels of neutrophil elastase increased 170 times greater in pleural effusion than in peripheral blood 3 h after lobectomy. However, the levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin did not increase in pleural effusion. The activity of neutrophil elastase increased to 0.54 +/- 0.1 mumol/min/l in pleural effusion 3 h after lobectomy, however the activity of neutrophil elastase was under the sensitivity level of detection in the peripheral blood after lobectomy. In conclusion, there is an imbalance between the levels of neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-antitrypsin in pleural effusion after lobectomy, the imbalance resulting in the increased activity of neutrophil elastase which probably is relating to tissue injury in the pleural spaces.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of lung cancer over 80 years of age: investigation from post operative complications].

Seventeen patients with lung cancer over 80 years were treated surgically from 1983 through 1993 in our department. Thirteen patients were male and four were female. The histology of the tumor was adenocarcinomas, squamous, large and small cell carcinomas, in 9, 6, 1 and 1 cases, respectively. More than single lobectomy was performed in each patient. Unilateral pulmonary occlusion test was applied in patients whose expected contralateral FEV1.0/BSA was less than 800 ml.m2, or expected residual FEV1.0/BSA was less than 850 ml.m-2. Postoperative cardiovascular complications, such as PAT, PAC, PVC or Af, were seen in 9 patients, respiratory problems, namely, sputa retention, retained secretions or atelectasis, in 7 patients. Blood chemistry and hematology were performed for about three weeks after operations, and found increases in serum transaminases, and leukocytosis. However, there were no operative death. We conclude that some patients over 80 years of age are candidates for surgery after careful cardiopulmonary preoperative evaluation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Immunologic alterations after splenectomy for trauma].

The effects of splenectomy for trauma patients on immunologic function were studied. Various immunologic indices including humoral and cellular immunity were serially measured up to one year in thirteen adult patients with blunt trauma: All the patients recovered from the initial injury and were good health at 12 month except for one died at ten month from unrelated cause. Complements and immunoglobulins decreased following splenectomy, then rapidly increased to normal or above normal levels and maintained the level throughout the one year period. Contrary to previous reports, Ig-M levels were not decreased after splenectomy. Anti-pneumococcal antibody (Pn-ab) was below effective concentration at one year except one case. Lymphocyte subpopulation was characterized by decreased T (OKT-3) cells and inverted helper/suppressor ratio. Lymphocyte blast formation was suppressed before surgery and remained low throughout the period. This study demonstrated that the humoral immunity was reserved after splenectomy, while cellular immunity such as helper/suppressor ratio and lymphocyte blast formation was impaired even one year after injury in most patients. Increased Ig-M levels after splenectomy in this study might suggest different immune response in Japanese. Decreased Pn-ab would justify the use of anti-pneumococcal vaccine after splenectomy for trauma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1995

[Role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in the increase in pulmonary vascular permeability caused by mechanically activated white blood cells].

To study the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in changes in the pulmonary vasculature induced by mechanically activated white blood cells (WBCs), the effects of activated and inactive WBCs, and of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, were studied in isolated perfused lungs from Sprague-Dawley rats. WBCs were activated by gentle agitation in a glass container for 10s. Baseline measurements were made, and then activated or inactive WBCs were added to the perfusate. Perfusion was stopped for 90 minutes, and then started again. The effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate on the pulmonary vascular filtration coefficient and on pulmonary vascular resistance were also measured. In the group that received activated WBCs, the pulmonary vascular filtration coefficient and the pulmonary vascular resistance were about 2.5 times and 3.3 times higher, respectively, than those in the group that received inactive WBCs. However, this apparent increase in the filtration coefficient caused by activated WBCs was partly blocked by meclofenamate. Histological examination indicated that meclofenamate did not prevent the adhesion of WBCs to the pulmonary vascular endothelium. These date indicate that WBCs that have been made to adhere to vessel walls can induce pulmonary vascular injury via cyclooxygenase products.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Histopathologic studies of innervation of normal and prolapsed human mitral valves.

We evaluated the distribution of the nerves in valve tissue of humans to clarify the relationship between mitral valve prolapse and autonomic nerve dysfunction. We studied 15 autopsy specimens of normal mitral valve, 10 prolapsed mitral valves, five each of normal tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, and three prolapsed mitral valves obtained at cardiac surgery. Immunohistochemical studies utilized the avidinbiotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method and several nerve-related antigens: 1) S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament protein (NFP) as markers of glial and Schwann cells of the nervous system; 2) choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to identify cholinergic nerve endings; 3) neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide that is distributed in accordance with sympathetic nerves; and 4) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide that is distributed in accordance with afferent nerves. Distribution of adrenergic nerve fibers was also examined by fluorescence method. Morphology of nerve endings of the normal mitral valve was studied by electron microscopy. In normal valves, distributions of S-100 protein, GFAP, and NFP immunoreactivities were clearly visible along the subendocardial site on the coaptation aspect of the base-to-body portion of each valve, regardless of the kind of valve. In contrast, there was only a scanty distribution of these reactivities on the physiologic coaptation area of the tip. In prolapsed mitral valves, there was no distribution of S-100-positive protein or other nerve-related antigens in areas of the valve with myxomatous degeneration. Distribution of CGRP, ChAT, and NPY immunoreactivities, and adrenergic fluorescence, were the same as those of the nerve-related antigens in both normal and prolapsed mitral valves. Electron microscopic study of the atrial aspect of normal mitral valves revealed numerous small axons with aggregations of small clear vesicles, indicating cholinergic features. The results suggest that the subendocardial site on the atrial aspect at the middle portion of the mitral valve is rich in nerve endings, including the afferent nerves, and that mechanical stimuli from this area caused by abnormal coaptation in mitral valve prolapse may produce an improper circuit in autonomic nerve function between the central and mitral valve nervous systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Contribution of oxidative stress to pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia].

Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with media wall thickening of pulmonary arteries in rats. Platelet-activating factor plays an important role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by chronic hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species are involved in tissue injury induced by platelet activating factor. We therefore hypothesized that reactive oxygen species contribute to the pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia, and examined the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger and the precursor of glutathione sulfhydryl (GSH), on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. We used a chemiluminescence-HPLC assay to measure the levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) in the rat lungs exposed to hypoxia. Three weeks of normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.1) with NAC significantly reduced pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and media wall thickening of the pulmonary arteries. NAC had no effect on the hematocrit of normoxic or chronically normobaric hypoxic rats. Lung PCOOH levels were significantly higher in the hypoxic rats than in the control rats, and those in the NAC-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the hypoxic rats that were not given NAC. Lung PCOOH levels were significantly higher in the hypoxic rats than in the control rats, and those in the NAC-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the hypoxic rats that were not given NAC. These results indicate that hypoxia induces oxidative stress in the lung tissue, and that oxidative stress may have a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia in rats.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1995

[A true aneurysm of the right internal mammary artery, accompanied by diminished grasping power of the right hand].

A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after an abnormal shadow was found on a chest radiograph. The preoperative diagnosis was right subclavian aneurysm. Loss of grip in the right hand developed, and the patient underwent surgery. During surgery, the aneurysm was found to have originated from the right internal mammary artery. The root of the right internal mammary artery was tied and the right subclavian artery, which had been compressed and displaced by the aneurysm, was replaced. A chest radiograph obtained 6 months after surgery showed that the trachea was no longer displaced. However, the gripping force of the right hand had not recovered.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Role of peptide leukotrienes in monocrotaline-induced lung disease].

Monocrotaline (MCT) causes lung inflammation and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with lung vascular thickening in rats. We hypothesized that peptide leukotrienes play a role in MCT-induced lung disease, and examined the effect of ONO 1078, a specific antagonist of LTC4, D4 and E4 receptors on MCT-induced right ventricular hypertrophy and on lung vascular thickening. Next, we measured leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels in the lung tissue of MCT-treated rats. Within 3 weeks after the injection MCT had caused an increase in the ratio of right ventricular weight to left ventricle+septum weight (RV/(LV+S)) and an increase in media wall thickness of the muscular arteries of the lung. In rats given both ONO 1078 and MCT, these changes were significantly less severe than in rats given MCT only. The LTC4 levels in MCT-treated rats were significantly higher than in saline-treated control rats. These results indicate that this antagonist of peptide leukotriene receptors inhibits right ventricular hypertrophy induced by MCT, and suggest a role for peptide leukotrienes in the inflammatory process that contributes to lung vascular remodeling in MCT-treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hedgehog is a signaling protein with a key role in patterning Drosophila imaginal discs.

The segment polarity genes hedgehog and engrailed are expressed in identical posterior-compartment-specific patterns in both Drosophila embryos and imaginal discs. We show here that the hedgehog protein is secreted, and it can cross embryo parasegment borders and the anterior-posterior compartment border of imaginal discs to neighboring cells that express neither engrailed nor hedgehog. In these cells, it is localized in discrete punctate structures that are sequestered within the polarized epithelium. Analysis of animals that have expressed hedgehog ectopically, or of a mutant that expresses hedgehog abnormally in the anterior compartment of the wing disc, indicates that hedgehog is involved in regulating patched. In the embryo, hedgehog regulation of patched apparently facilitates patched and wingless expression. In the discs, hedgehog regulation of patched and other genes in the anterior compartment helps to establish the proximodistal axis. We propose that the cell-cell communication mediated by hedgehog links the special properties of compartment borders with specification of the proximodistal axis in imaginal development.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The delay method: a new surgical technique for enhancing the bone-binding capability of HAP implants to bone surrounding implant cavity preparations.

To confirm the efficacy of a new apatite-implantation technique, in vivo research was undertaken on 12 dogs. The project was designed to determine the time-dependent effects on alveolar tissues surrounding implant cavity preparations without implantation in bone. In addition, a group of hydroxyapatite (HAP) implants was placed immediately after cavity preparation (conventional method). A second group was placed after a delay of 2 weeks (delay method). Hemorrhagic infiltration occurred within the cavity and into the surrounding fatty marrow, a phenomenon attributed to cavity preparation. Subsequent to absorption of infiltrated blood cells into the surrounding marrow, fibrous tissue was formed, followed by osseous formation initiated by the original bone. Formation of newly formed, thin trabeculae reached a peak at 14 days. Most of the original marrow near the cavity, where few trabeculae were originally present, was transformed into thin trabecular-forming areas. In addition, sinusoidal capillaries and hematopoiesis were formed at the site. At 30 days, the number of new trabeculae and sinusoidal capillaries formed decreased, and adipose cells began to appear. These results indicate that tissue surrounding the prepared cavity was centrally activated at 14 days, and that this activation may be beneficial in the biologic ability of an apatite implant to advantageously affect bone binding and chemical bonding activity. It is concluded that bone formation was faster and wider around implants placed by the delay method than that surrounding conventionally placed implants. These results indicate that more efficient bone formation around implants was encouraged by bone activation stimulated during the 14 day delay period.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a young female, treated by combination chemotherapy (local and systemic chemotherapy), complicated with chromosomal abnormality.

Although cancer of the vagina, a rare form of genital cancer, is usually squamous cell carcinoma in women over the age of 50 years, vaginal clear cell adenocarcinomas (CCA) are exceedingly rare. The pathogenesis of clear cell adenocarcinoma is uncertain, but as a clinical entity, it is most commonly associated with diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero. We report a rare case of primary vaginal CCA in a 17-year-old female who was not exposed to diethylstilbesterol in utero. The case, which was complicated with chromosomal abnormality, was treated with combination chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of vaginal CCA in a woman with chromosomal abnormality and bicornate uterus.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1994

Physiological characteristics of periodontal mechanosensitive neurones in the inferior alveolar nerve of the cat.

Unitary discharges of periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) fibres were recorded from cat inferior alveolar nerve. More than half (66%) of the PM units were single-tooth ones sensitive to only one tooth. The majority (78%) responded sustainedly to stimulation of the mandibular canine tooth. The multitooth units responded predominantly to stimulation of the canine and incisor teeth. A broad-type response field, with a directional range of 180-360 degrees for the response angle, was most frequent. The optimal stimulus direction was oriented in the caudomedial or caudolateral direction. Most (93%) of the single-tooth and multitooth PM units were fired at relatively regular spike intervals by tooth stimulation. In the multitooth units, conditioning and test stimuli were applied to a pair of teeth in the receptive field in order to examine the mechanical spread effect of the conditioning stimulus on the adjacent tooth. The conditioning stimulus was given in the optimal stimulus direction and the test stimulus in the direction opposite to that direction. All multitooth units of the regular spike-interval type had only one tooth ('firing-stopped' tooth) in their receptive fields, the test stimulus to which stopped the discharges evoked by the conditioning stimuli to other teeth. The firing-stopped tooth, however, was rare in multitooth units of the irregular spike interval type.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Physiological properties of periodontal mechanosensitive neurones in the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion of the rat.

Periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) primary afferent neurones were recorded from the rat trigeminal ganglion and their response to mechanical tooth stimulation studied. The majority (95%) of PM afferents were single-tooth units and most were sensitive to mechanical stimulation of the incisor. They had a sustained response to pressure applied to the tooth, and showed a directional selectivity to the stimulation. Only a small number (5%) of units were multi-tooth sensitive; their receptive fields were restricted to the molars. When the incisor was stimulated mechanically in 12 directions in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tooth crown, the predominant response fields of the PM units were of the medium type (90-180 degree response angle) or the broad type (180-360 degrees). Each unit had single optimal stimulus direction oriented predominantly in the rostrocaudal or caudorostral direction. About 60% of the PM units responded to tooth stimulation at irregular spike intervals, whereas the remaining 40% fired at relatively regular intervals. When the tooth was stimulated at a force of 0.05 N, the mean spike interval and rate of spike-interval fluctuation [percentage of the standard deviation (SD) of the interval distribution to the mean interval (mean); SD/mean x 100] were 29.2 ms and 38.1% for the regular-interval units, and 15.1 ms and 8.8% for the irregular-interval ones. The mean spike interval of the regular units was significantly longer than that of the irregular ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A histologic comparison of the functional loading capacity of an occluded dense apatite implant and the natural dentition.

A histologic comparison of the functional loading capacity of an occluded dense apatite implant and the natural dentition at a ratio of one implant to three natural teeth was carried out on six monkeys. Single implants were placed in the maxillary left second molar and mandibular right second molar of each monkey. Four months later, the vertical dimension of occlusion was raised at the contacting areas between the implant and the connected first, second, and third opposing molar teeth by placing metal crowns on them. The three connected molars gradually intruded over time, whereas the supporting bone of the mandibular and maxillary implants showed no abnormalities and was able to bear the load because of thickening and remodeling of the surrounding bone.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

[Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy--experimental operation using young pigs and clinical experience in 21 cases with prostate and bladder cancer].

In order to gain the technical skills for performing laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy, we selected the young pigs (12-15 kg) as the experimental model. Five pigs (male 2, female 3) underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy under intravenous anesthesia. Postoperatively, the pigs were euthanized, and laparatomy was performed to demonstrate the area of dissection. Operation time was from 50 to 80 minutes, and no complication occurred in all cases, mastery came rapidly. Following experimental operation, 21 cases with prostate and/or bladder cancer underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for staging operation from Nov. 1991 to Oct. 1993. Operation time was from 60 to 310 minutes (mean 137). In one of 21 cases, lymph node metastasis was proved. Eighteen of 21 cases underwent radical prostatectomy or cystectomy between 6 to 24 days after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. On radical operation, the adhesion of the post-lymphadenectomy was severe in the patients 8 days after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy, compared with those within 7 days. Radical operation was seemed to be recommended within 7 days after laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Identical twins with different types of jejunal atresia].

This is a report of identical twins who were associated with different types of jejunal atresia, whose mother had no problems during her gestation. One was associated with a membranous atresia, and the another multiple jejunal atresia. Identical twins, both of whom are associated with intestinal atresia are very rare. The anomalies of these infants might be resulted from congenital factor and secondary circulatory disturbance.

Adult↗