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Biomedical subjects

T Suyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Suyama.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Central nervous system irradiation for children with leukemia].

Between 1972 and 1981, 247 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with prophylactic CNS irradiation. Cranial irradiation (2400 rad) plus intrathecal methotrexate was the prophylactic CNS therapy of choice. At 5 years, the overall, relapse-free and CNS relapse-free survival rates were 51%, 47% and 79%, respectively. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the inferior border of the radiation field, since the anterior and middle cranial fossae were sometimes not included and the second spine was almost always excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Prophylactic central nervous system irradiation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Documentation on 324 children with leukemia who underwent cranial irradiation between 1972 and 1981 was collected from 15 participating hospitals in the Kansai Cancer therapy Group. Among 182 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, records on 90 children treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (2,400 rads) plus intrathecal methotrexate in 12 hospitals were available for analysis. There was no significant difference in survival between the two prognostic groups based on age and initial WBC count at diagnosis, i.e., overall, relapse-free and CNS relapse-free 5-year survivals in the good and intermediate prognostic groups were 57% vs. 51%, 55%, vs. 49%, and 83% vs. 95%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Polycystic kidney disease and intracranial aneurysms. Early angiographic diagnosis and early operation for the unruptured aneurysm.

From August, 1981, to August, 1982, the authors performed four-vessel angiography in 17 patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) who had no neurological deficit and no history of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Seven cases of unruptured aneurysms were found among these 17 patients (an incidence of 41.2%). Five of the unruptured aneurysms were operated on prophylactically, with no mortality or morbidity. Nine of the 17 patients had hypertension and, of these, two (22.2%) had aneurysms. Of the eight patients without hypertension, five (62.5%) had aneurysms. This study suggests that the coexistence of PKD and intracranial aneurysms might not be due to the hypertension that occurs concomitant with PKD, but instead may be attributable to congenital factors. The authors stress the necessity of early diagnosis and early operation for unruptured aneurysms in patients with PKD.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Selection of 53 PFC substances for better stability of emulsion and improved artificial blood substitutes.

In order to develop a new PFC emulsion which is better than Fluosol-DA as an artificial blood substitute, 53 different kinds of PFCs were evaluated from the aspects of toxicity, excretion rate and emulsion stability. From the results of the screening test, FMOQ was selected as the best material for a new emulsion. The half-life of FMOQ in the body of rats was calculated to be 7 days which was similar to FDC in Fluosol-DA, and its emulsion stabilized with the mixture of YPL and Pluronic F68 was stable at 4 degrees C for longer than 6 months. Rats extensively exchange-transfused with this emulsion survived well for a long period, indicating a high efficacy and low toxicity of this emulsion. In conclusion the FMOQ emulsion was selected to be a hopeful candidate for a second generation of artificial blood substitutes. This work was partially supported by NHLBI Contract NO1-HB-2927.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Antimicrobial effect of human serum IgA.

Serum IgA, IgG and colostrum secretory IgA prepared from specimens pooled from a large number of human beings were shown to have measurable levels of antibodies against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, poliovirus, Coxsackie B virus, echovirus and influenza virus. Serum IgA exerted a bacteriostatic effect in vitro on E. coli and P. aeruginosa, which increased in the presence of the iron-binding proteins lactoferrin and transferrin. This bacteriostasis was reduced when the iron-binding proteins were saturated with iron. Similar results were obtained with IgG and secretory IgA. The bacteriostatic effect of serum IgA was also shown in vivo, in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The effect was suppressed by iron. Iron-chelating substances, siderophores, excreted by E. coli diminished the co-operative bacteriostatic effect of serum IgA and transferrin. Siderophore production by E. coli was inhibited in the presence of serum IgA, but not when serum IgA was deprived of specific antibody by absorption with E. coli. These results indicate that serum IgA has a potent bacteriostatic effect in co-operation with transferrin or lactoferrin because of the inhibitory effect of the specific antibody on siderophore production by E. coli.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Development of a perfluorochemical whole blood substitute (Fluosol-DA, 20%)--an overview of clinical studies with 185 patients.

Fluosol-DA, 20%, a perfluorochemical whole blood substitute, was infused during Phase II and Phase III clinical trials at 24 medical institutions in Japan to 185 patients for replacement of blood lost during surgery or for improvement of cerebral circulation. Its active ingredients (perfluorodecalin, perfluorotripropylamine, hydroxyethyl starch and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution) give this biologically inert emulsion not only plasma-expanding properties but also a high oxygen-carrying capacity (7.2 vol.% at 37 degrees C; the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells is 17 to 20 vol.%). Doses given to the patients ranged from 6 to 25 ml/kg body weight. With regard to arterial blood oxygen tension, arterial blood oxygen content, blood oxygen transport, oxygen consumption, and acid-base balance, beneficial effects were generally observed after infusion of the emulsion following blood loss especially when the fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas (FiO2) was kept higher than 0.5. The emulsion also manifested beneficial plasma-expander effects on hemodynamics (blood pressure, pulse rate, and central venous pressure). In no case was there any anaphylactoid or other untoward reaction observed or reported during or after infusion of the emulsion. Although a slight prolongation of bleeding time (Duke) was found, the surgeons never experienced and hemorrhagic tendencies during or after their operations. Slight and transient elevations of SGOT were found but SGPT and alkaline phosphatase levels remained normal. All other hematological and biochemical parameters measured in blood, serum and urine remained within normal ranges.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between endotoxaemia and protein concentration of ascites in cirrhotic patients.

Endotoxaemia was investigated by the Limulus assay in 42 cirrhotic patients with ascites and in 33 without ascites. The incidence of endotoxaemia in the former group (59.5%) was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than in the latter (36.4%). Correlation between endotoxaemia and specific gravity and concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in ascitic fluid was studied in the group with ascites. The specific gravity of ascites in 25 patients with endotoxaemia was significantly greater than that in 17 patients without endotoxaemia (P less than 0.01). The concentration of total protein in patients with endotoxaemia (13.95 +/- 7.18 milligram, mean +/- SD) was nearly twice as high (P less than 0.01) as in patients without endotoxaemia (7.49 +/- 3.60 milligram). The protein content of those who showed reactions greater or equal to 2(+) in the Limulus assay (16.78 +/- 7.14 milligram) was a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than in those with 1(+) reaction (11.26 +/- 6.33 milligram). Moreover, the concentration of albumin in patients with endotoxaemia (7.68 +/- 4.60 milligram) was more than twice that of the patients without endotoxaemia (3.39 +/- 1.58 milligram, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, globulin concentration in patients with endotoxaemia was 1.6 times that of patients without endotoxaemia (P less than 0.01). Similar differences were noted between endotoxaemic and non-endotoxaemic patients in the ascites-to-serum ratio in protein, albumin, and globulin. These results suggest that in liver cirrhosis endotoxaemia may cause an increase in protein concentrations in ascitic fluid, and that it may be a precipitating factor in the formation of ascites.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A double-blind comparative study of the inhibitory effect of intraduodenally administered hyoscine-N-butylbromide on human duodenal motility.

In a double-blind crossover study hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) was compared with placebo in its inhibitory effect on duodenal motility stimulated by metoclopramide. Measurements were made both by the balloon technique and the open-tipped tube method with pressure transducer. 20 mg or 50 mg HBB or placebo were instilled in random sequence into the intestinal tract of 12 healthy volunteers. The frequency of Type II waves was determined in each experiment after administration of the test substance following prior metoclopramide stimulation. This frequency was used as the inhibitory index for each drug. The test substance was administered 15 minutes before a second stimulation. A four-way analysis of variance (mixed model) was applied to the calculated number of waves per period. Subjects were required to respond equally to stimulation with increased motility on both trial days as evidenced by a minimal difference in the averages following the first stimulation on each trial day and before application of the test substance. The frequency of Type II waves after 20 mg and 50 mg HBB was reduced in a statistically significant manner in each case when compared with placebo. The probabilities of error were p less than 0-05 and p less than 0-025.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Detection of endotoxin in plasma and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis: its clinical significance.

Endotoxin was measured by the Limulus assay in plasma and ascites in 46 patients with cirrhosis having demonstrable esophageal varices, of whom 29 had ascites and 17 did not. It was positive in ascitic fluid in 23 (79.3%) of the former group. In plasma, a positive test was obtained in 22 (75.9%) in the group with ascites and only 4 (23.5%) without ascites, the difference being significant (P less than 0.01). Of the 23 positive ascites specimens, 17 showed high titers (greater than or equal to 10(-3) microgram per ml). Hepatic uptake of 198Au colloid was markedly reduced in 11 of the 17 patients with endotoxemia who were studied by scanning. Death occurred within 6 months in 47.8% of the patients with a positive endotoxin test, whereas only 16.7% of those with a negative test died in the same period (P less than 0.05). No hypotension was noted in patients with toxemia and only 2 ran a fever above 37.5 degrees C. Development of tolerance to endotoxin is suspected. A follow-up study has demonstrated sustained endotoxemia in some of these patients.

Ascitic Fluid↗