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Biomedical subjects

T Suwa

Publications and source records attributed to T Suwa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Penetration of clarithromycin to saliva and its effect on normal salivary bacterial flora].

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic, was administered to rats, and the distribution of the drug in the submandibular gland was studied using microautoradiography. The study revealed good accumulation of 14C-TE-031 in both the acini and the excretory ducts. TE-031 was administered to each of 3 healthy male volunteers in a single dose of 300 mg, and its concentrations in the serum and saliva was detected. Mean values of various pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows for the serum and saliva, respectively. Cmax 1.49 micrograms/ml and 1.93 micrograms/ml; Tmax 2.91 hours and 2.66 hours; T 1/2 6.31 hours and 4.15 hours; AUC 18.58 micrograms.hr/ml and 17.70 micrograms.hr/ml. Regarding the salivary bacterial flora, the total bacterial count decreased as the salivary TE-031 concentration increased, but it recovered to the initial level in 12 hours after administration. During the 24-hour period following an administration of TE-031, the salivary bacteria did not acquire resistance to the drug. Therefore, TE-031 is an antibiotic which exerts little effect on the normal salivary bacterial flora in short-term administration. Although the results differed among the individuals, the penetration of TE-031 to saliva was superior to that to the serum. Thus, TDM of TE-031 using salivary samples is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of tricuspid valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus with successful surgical treatment].

A 14-year-old boy had previously received right temporal lobectomy under the diagnosis of a malignant brain tumor. About one month after lobectomy, ventriculo-peritoneum shunt and ventriculo-atrium shunt were placed because hydrocephalus was progressed. The patient subsequently had a high fever probably due to wound infection of the shunt operation. Several blood cultures demonstrated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Several sensitive antibiotics were administered for about 30 days, however these drugs were not effective. According to echocardiography, moderate tricuspid regurgitation and a large vegetation at the tricuspid valve were detected and isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis was diagnosed. Surgical intervention was necessary because of recurrent pulmonary emboli. After tricuspid valve replacement with a Björk-Shiley mechanical valve (31 mm), fever subsided and the patient was discharged on the 38th postoperative day. It is concluded that the surgical indications of the tricuspid valve endocarditis are as follows: 1. recurrent pulmonary emboli, 2. refractory right heart failure, 3. resistance against antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformations: with special reference to intraventricular hemorrhage].

Forty-two cases with intracranial hemorrhage caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which was diagnosed by CT scan, were reviewed with regard to the clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage, especially intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Twenty-one patients were defined as poor risk cases whose level of consciousness at admission was 100 to 300 according to the Japan Coma Scale, whereas the remaining 21 patients were defined as good risk cases. Surgical excision of AVM was undertaken in 35 out of the 42 cases. Urgent surgical removal of intracerebral hematoma and AVM within 24 hours following onset was undertaken in 11 cases. In 14 patients, urgent continuous ventricular drainage was carried out. The effects of the following factors on the level of consciousness at admission, and on the result of AVM treatment were investigated to clarify the clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage; 1) cast formation of 3rd and/or 4th ventricle, 2) volume of intraventricular hematoma, 3) accompanying intracerebral hematoma and 4) acute hydrocephalus. It was confirmed that all these factors significantly contributed to the development of serious disturbance of consciousness in the acute stage following intracranial hemorrhage. For good risk cases, the rate of patients who showed a good recovery or only moderate disability according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale reached 91%, whereas for poor risk cases, it was only 43%. The presence of large intracerebral hematomas of more than 4 cm in diameter accompanied with IVH was significantly correlated with the result of AVM treatment. The presence or absence of cast formation of 3rd and/or 4th ventricle, volume of intraventricular hematoma and acute hydrocephalus were not significantly related to the result of AVM treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Coprophagy in female mice during pregnancy and lactation.

Coprophagy in female mice was observed predominantly in the reproductive stage. Female mice exhibited coprophagy more frequently during pregnancy and ingested larger amounts of feces during pregnancy and lactation than when they were not pregnant. Feces were found to be rich in vitamin B12 and folic acid. However, there were no marked fluctuations in the levels of either vitamin in the feces during pregnancy or lactation as compared with levels when animals were not pregnant. Acceleration of coprophagy during pregnancy and lactation seemed to correlate with the increased nutritional requirements of females during the reproductive stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of fine-grained diet on annulospiral endings of muscle spindles in the masseter muscle in developing and adult mice.

In the masticatory muscles, neuromuscular spindles have a very important role in controlling the jaw movement since they act as stretch receptors in skeletal muscles. The continuous intake of fine-grained diet which is easily chewable leads to degeneration of the sensory endings of Ia fibers in many muscle spindles of the mouse masseter muscle in only 120 d after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[UFT + MMC and UFT + ACNU therapy in advanced gastric cancer].

The effects of UFT + MMC and UFT + ACNU therapy on advanced gastric cancer were compared by randomized controlled trial in 12 institutions. Unresectable and postoperatively recurrent patients were divided into PS 0-2 and 3-4 groups. After classification according to cancer spread, such as localized type, hepatic metastatic type, ascitic type and distant metastatic type, regimens of (A) UFT 375 mg/m2/day + MMC 5 mg/m2 for 1-2 W or (B) UFT + ACNU 60 mg/m2/W/x2 (with a 4-week interval) were administered for as long as possible. As a result, among a total of 104 cases, responses were recognized in 7 out of 32 cases (21.9%) treated with regimen A and in 5 out of 25 cases (20.0%) treated with regimen B, giving a total of 57 evaluable cases excluding 33 incompletely evaluated cases and 14 ineligible cases. This study therefore demonstrated no significant difference between the two regimens. The median survival of patients treated with regimen A was 120 days, and that of patients treated with regimen B, 155 days. There was no significant difference between the two regimens. As side effects, UGI symptoms were recognized in 35.4% of regimen A patients and in 37.1% of regimen B patients. Bone marrow suppression appeared in 39.6% of regimen A patients and in 54.3% of regimen B patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Effects of the infraorbital nerve-transection on the formation of Ia fibers in muscle spindles of the masseter muscle in developing mice.

The effect of the transection of the infraorbital nerve on d 20 after birth on the formation of the annulospiral ending of Ia fibers of muscle spindles in the masseter muscle was investigated in developing mice. On the 20th d after the operation, there were significant differences between control and treated animals in the ratio of muscle spindles with non-coiled endings to all muscle spindles, and the ratios of muscle spindles with non-coiled endings in the masseter muscle on the operated and sham-operated sides were about equal to each other. On the 30th d after the operation, the ratio for the masseter muscle on the operated side was approximately twice that for the one on the sham-operated side. The ratio for the operated side was about equal to that for 15-d-old control mice, and about twice that for 20-d-old control animals. Thus, the present results indicate that disorder of sensory inputs following the transection of the infraorbital nerve leads to degeneration and/or inhibition of the formation of annulospiral endings in muscle spindles of the masseter muscle, and suggest that disorder of the masticatory mechanism may be caused by the degeneration and/or inhibition of the formation of the endings in many muscle spindles of the masseter muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of sofalcone on gastric mucous glycoprotein in experimental gastritis induced by sodium taurocholate.

Changes in gastric mucous glycoprotein (GP) and effects of the anti-ulcer agent, sofalcone, on experimental gastritis induced by 3 or 6 months administration of sodium taurocholate (TCA) were investigated. Macromolecular mucous GP determined as the hexose content, which was fractionated by gel filtration, was decreased with the development of gastritis. This was also demonstrated by the histochemical observations. Soluble mucus, which is easily released into the incubation medium, was significantly decreased, and the insoluble mucus remaining in the gastric mucosa was not changed in 3-month-old gastritis. On the other hand, insoluble mucus was significantly decreased in 6-month-old gastritis. Synthetic activity of mucous GP, which was determined by incorporation of [3H]-glucosamine and [35S]-sulfate, was not changed in 3-month-old gastritis, but, it was markedly decreased in 6-month-old gastritis. The decrease in the content and the synthetic activity of macromolecular mucous GP in 6-month-old gastritis were significantly normalized by 3 weeks administration of sofalcone. The histochemical study also supported the therapeutic effect of sofalcone. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of sofalcone on experimental gastritis is closely associated with increased mucus synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Postnatal development of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles of the mouse temporal muscle.

The formation of the annulospiral endings of Ia fibers in muscle spindles was investigated in the temporal muscle of developing mice. From 15 to 20 d after birth, there were only a few spindles with "++" sensory endings. With growth of mice, the primary endings of the Ia fiber began to develop its spiral endings. And by the 30th postnatal day (that is, after weaning), almost all of the Ia fibers had completely coiled endings though the formation was still continuing in some spindles at this time. Formation of the annulospiral endings of the Ia fibers of muscle spindles in the temporal muscle was completed earlier than that of fibers in the spindles in the masseter muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparative studies on the gastrointestinal lesions caused by several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in rats.

The gastrointestinal toxicity of a single oral administration of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) to rats was compared, by a method using 51Cr-labeled red blood cells (RBC), and by macroscopic and microscopic examination. From the profile of gastrointestinal bleeding, the NSAIDs could be divided into a group consisting of aspirin (ASA), oxaprozin (OXP) and 2-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl]propionic acid (TA), which caused only a transient increase in fecal blood loss based on a gastric lesion, and another group including indomethacin (IM) and ibuprofen (IP), which produced a biphasic increase in the blood loss. The initial phase was caused not only by a gastric lesion but also an intestinal lesion, and the secondary phase originated only in the intestinal lesion. The order of potency causing blood loss was IM much greater than IP greater than ASA much greater than TA greater than OXP. The safety ratio of OXP and TA was shown to be more favorable than that of the other three drugs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Effect of sofalcone on the gastric cell proliferation in the experimental gastritis of rats.

Effects of sofalcone on the morphometrical glandular structure and the generative cell proliferation in the gastric mucosa of gastritis, induced in rats by the treatment of sodium taurocholate (TCA) for 3 and 6 months, were examined by means of 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Morphometrical observation revealed that the ratios of the length of the glandular portion/the total length of the gastric gland were generally decreased in both fundic and pyloric glands with TCA treatments, which may indicate mucosal atrophy. These atrophic changes were improved to the normal levels by the administration of sofalcone for 3 weeks after the treatment of TCA. On the other hand, cell proliferative activity, indicated by the labeling indexes in the generative cell zone of gastric mucosa, was increased in TCA induced gastritis rat, which seems to be the response to replace the increased cell loss. The administration of sofalcone to the gastritis rats further increased the labeling indexes, especially in pyloric gland with statistical significance in both TCA treated rats for 3 and 6 months. From these results, it is suggested that sofalcone stimulates the compensatory increase of proliferative activity of generative cells, which would be available to repair the gastric mucosa with gastritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Coprophagy in the germfree mouse].

Coprophagy was observed in germfree (GF) ICR mice of both sexes, and the results were compared with those of conventional mice. Frequency of coprophagy per animal per day in GF mice was 5.1 in males and 5.8 in females. In conventional (CV) mice, the frequencies were 6.2 in males and 5.3 in females (data from Zoological Science 2:249-255, 1985), with no significant differences compared with GF mice. Coprophagy in CV mice was frequently observed during 6-8 hr after lighting, whereas such close time relationships tended to weaken in GF animals. In a comparison of levels of constituents per unit weight between feces and diet, fecal crude protein and crude fat exhibited lower values than those in the diet. Levels of fecal crude ash and crude fiber were higher than those in the diet, and nitrogen-free extract was almost equal to that in the diet. No essential difference in these tendencies was found compared with CV mice. Levels of fecal vitamin B1, B2, B12 and folic acid were lower than those in the diet. In CV mice, except for vitamin B1, these vitamins exhibited either almost equal or much higher levels compared with those in the diet (data from Experimental Animals 35: 381-386, 1986). From the fact that coprophagy was observed in GF mice, it is suggested that the behavior is inherent in the mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Lifelong coprophagy in male mice].

Changes in coprophagy with age were investigated in male ICR mice during their life span. Sucklings showed coprophagy at 17 to 18 days old, i.e., a few days after they began to excrete feces autonomously. The number of fecal pellets ingested peaked at 5 to 6 weeks old (13 pellets/day) and gradually decreased, thereafter (2.1 pellets at 78 weeks old, 1.5 pellets at 104 weeks old). The diurnal pattern of coprophagy also changed with age. Growing mice showed vigorous coprophagous activity in both light and dark phases, whereas animals over 30 weeks old exhibited less activity in both phases, especially in the dark phase. Feces proved to be abundant in vitamin B12 and folic acid throughout the life span. These results suggest that the frequency of coprophagy changes in association with the nutritional requirements of mice during the process of growth or aging.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Randomized comparison of continuous and intermittent oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer; a phase II trial by the Multi-institutional Cooperative Study Group].

To investigate the optimal dosage schedule for 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), a randomized comparative study was performed in patients with inoperable or advanced gastric cancer. Eight hundred mg/m2/day of 5'-DFUR was administered in the continuous administration group, while in the intermittent administration group 1,400 mg/m2/day was given for 4 days followed by 3 days with no medication in a one-week cycle, making the total dose 5,600 mg/m2/week in both regimens. In both groups, 5'-DFUR was administered for more than 4 weeks. Overall response rate was 14.3% (3/21) for both administration methods. The response rate for the primary site was 9.5% (2/21) in the continuous administration group, and 14.3% (3/21) in the intermittent group. As to toxicity, the incidence of diarrhea was 26.7% in the continuous group and 4.2% in the intermittent group. Although there was no significant difference between these two dosage schedules in efficacy and toxicity, the lower incidence of diarrhea suggested the clinical usefulness of the intermittent administration method. This result emphasized the need to further studies to investigate the most appropriate dosage schedule for fluorinated pyrimidine derivatives.

Administration, Oral↗