Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Sun

Publications and source records attributed to T Sun.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evaluation of second cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of second cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: From January 1989 to June 1994, second cytoreductive surgery was carried out on 33 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who either underwent unsatisfactory primary debulking operation or had recurrence. According to FIGO staging (1987), there were 5 patients in stage I, 2 in stage II, 25 in stage III, and 1 in stage IV. Pathological grading was G1 in 2 cases, G2 in 9, G3 in 19 and uncertain in 3. The 33 patients can be divided into 3 categories: I, nine patients who had unsatisfactory primary debulking operation with macroscopic residual > 2 cm, and 1-2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy; II, 15 patients who had 6-8 courses of cisplatin-based postoperative chemotherapy and in whom recurrence was diagnosed after complete response for at least 3 months; and III, 9 patients who had the same treatment as category II and survived without cancer clinically for more than 6 months, and in whom recurrence was diagnosed during second-look laparotomy. All patients had been followed up for at least two years (27-168 months) dated from the primary debulking operation. RESULTS: Fifteen cases had no macroscopic residuals (group A), 5 had residuals < 2 cm (group B), and 13 had residuals > 2 cm (group C). The medium survival time and two-year survival rate in groups A, B and C were 59.09, 20.6 and 8.29 months, and 93.3%, 20% and 7.69% respectively (P < 0.001, A vs C; P < 0.05, A vs B and B vs C). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that second cytoreductive surgery is of value, and the key to success is to eliminate any macroscopic residual focus, or at most, to leave only minimal residuals < 2 cm. It is suggested that well-targeted multiple-route chemotherapy with sufficient courses before second cytoreductive surgery is important to achieving better results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Short-term effects of chemotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen on clinically inoperable advanced ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effects of chemotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen on clinically inoperable advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was made on 16 cases of stage III and 2 cases of stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer with fixed pelvic mass. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CP (cisplatin + cyclophosphamide) or CAP (CP + adriamycin) regimen was given by intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or systemic routes accordingly for an average of 2.8 courses. Sixteen of the 18 cases were assessed to be operable after preoperative chemotherapy. The uterus, adnexa, omentum, pelvic lymph nodes (14/18), and implants were included in the cytoreductive surgery. Pelvic masses were found to have almost disappeared in 9, and macroscopic residuals were found in 11 (residuals < 2 cm in 2, and > 2 cm in 5) of the 18 cases. Postoperative chemotherapy (CP, CAP, or CEP, E = VP16) was given for an average of 5.9 courses. RESULTS: Five out of 7 patients followed up for over 3 years have been surviving for 46, 44, 40, 38 and 36 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy-surgery-chemotherapy regimen has beneficial effects on clinically inoperable advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of clinorotation on cytosolic free calcium level in embryonic chick brain cells].

Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in suspended brain cells of chicken embryos hatched for 6-18 d (E6-E18) was measured by using the fura-2/AM fluorescence spectroscopy. The biological effects of microgravity on the embryonic chicks were simulated by revolving on a clinostat during their hatch. The experimental results showed that level of [Ca2+]i in E8-E17 embryonic brain cells decreased after revolving for different period. [Ca2+]i in brain cells of E10 and E13 chick embryos reduced significantly (P < 0.01) after revolving 4-7 h and 24 h respectively. When E10 and E13 chick embryos were incubated again as long as being revolved, [Ca2+]i in brain cells rose but were still lower than the controls. The levels of cytosolic free calcium in brain cells of revolved E17 embryonic chicks increased after being colorpunctured by red light. These results demonstrate that the decrease of [Ca2+]i in embryonic chick brain cells caused by clinorotation is reversible, and colorpuncture can accelerate this recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Production, identification and redirected cytotoxicity of CD3/CD19 bispecific monoclonal antibody].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare CD3/CD19 bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsAb) and study its biological effects. METHODS: The CD3/CD19 BsAb was prepared by using hybri-hybridoma technique. The presence of BsAb was demonstrated by double-isotype ELISA and cell conjugate assay. RESULTS: We obtained three strains of CD3/CD19 quadromas, including a stable one. 51Cr release assay showed that CD3/CD19 supernatants, CD3/CD19 purified antibody and CD3/CD19 chemical heterocongjugate greatly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of CD3 AK cells against Nalm-6 cells (P < 0.05-0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The CD3/CD19 BsAb we prepared was efficient in redirecting activated T cells against target tumor cells. This indicates that the CD3/CD19 BsAb has potential value of clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Corneal epithelium implantation under corneal flap after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis: a clinical pathological and cytological study and management].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical pathological and cytological characteristics of corneal epithelial cells implanted under the cap of laser in situ keratomileusis and the method of management. METHODS: For 4 eyes with epithelial cell implantation, the corneal cap was torn from temporal side to nasal, and the implanted material was removed from the flap and the stromal base. After washing between the interface, the cap was repositioned. RESULT: No epithelial implantation occurred again in these 4 cases after follow-up for 1 similar 12 months. The clinical pathological and cytological studies showed the material removed was degenerated and necrotic epithelial cells mixed with some unknown materials. CONCLUSION: Clinically, the material formed under the cap white and yellow in color should be removed as soon as it happens. The material consists mainly of non-structural material with necrotic and degenerated epithelial cells.

Cornea↗
PubMed1998

[Host-guest molecule interaction mechanism of hemostatics with liposomes and red blood cells studied with fluorescence polarimetric method].

The supermolecule compounds of adrenobazone, p-aminomethylbenzoic acid, vitamin K1, 6-amino caproic acid with liposomes and red blood cells were studied by fluorescence polarimetric method. The mechanisms of formation of the supermolecule compounds were examined by fluorescence probe of the link of 1,6-dipheny-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) with liposomes which were taken as a model of blood cells. The interaction mechanism of hemostatics with red blood cells was described according the quantitative relationship between polarization value (P) and the microviscosity [formula: see text]. The result showed that the acting force between hemostatics and liposomes or that between hemostatics and red blood cells were mainly supermolecular acting force. The acting force between vitamin K1 and cytomembrane is hydrophobic force and those between adrenobazone, p-aminomethylbenzoic acid, or 6-amino caproic acid and cytomembrane are hydrogen bond or electrostatic force. Under the same drug concentration, all of the four haemostatics can reduce the fluidity of the cell membrane, which benefits blood coagulation. The binding ways of hemostatics with red blood cells was also discussed.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1997

Sacroiliac motion for extreme hip positions. A fresh cadaver study.

STUDY DESIGN: This study placed fresh cadavers in different hip positions and obtained sacroiliac kinematics. The magnitudes and directions of angular and linear sacroiliac motion are reported. OBJECTIVES: To determine the three-dimensional motion at the left and right sacroiliac joints and to explore the mechanical structure of the sacroiliac joint. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous in vivo and in vitro studies have reported various amounts of motion at the sacroiliac joints, ranging from no motion to 18 degrees. The results of previous studies have typically not been reported as data in classic engineering terms, and three-dimensional analyses are sparse. Importantly, previous studies have not used external hip positions to elucidate the full range of sacroiliac motion. METHODS: Radiopaque markers were placed in the sacrum and each innominate bone before standardized performance of computed tomography scans at 3-mm intervals, with the fresh cadaver stabilized in the side-lying position on a specially constructed pallet. Computed tomography images were stored on magnetic tape, from which coordinates for centroids of the markers were obtained and subsequent mechanical analyses performed. The intersubchondral lines on the images were traced and reconstructed using computer technology to obtain the thickness of the intersubchondral joint space and the general configuration of the sacroiliac joints. RESULTS: The methods used in this study were validated. The largest amount of sacroiliac motion occurred in the sagittal plane (7 degrees on left and 8 degrees on the right, with a range of 3 degrees to 17 degrees). Definite trends in the direction of angular sacroiliac motion occurred with respect to both bilateral and reciprocal hip joint positions. The translation or linear motion of the posterior superior iliac spines with respect to the sacrum ranged from 4 to 8 mm. This motion tended to occur in all directions, with no detectable trends. The average intersubchondral thickness of the sacroiliac joint was 1.2 mm and the shape of the joint resembled that of an airplane propeller. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the subjects in this study were elderly, considerable angular and linear motion was in evidence. As such, it appears that extreme hip positions are necessary to elucidate full range of motion at the sacroiliac joint. The magnitude and direction of demonstrated sacroiliac motion appears to be sufficient to complement hip joint motion and influence motion at the lumbosacral junction and, thus, low back pain in both the direct and indirect sense.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A novel regulation of the oviductal glycoprotein gene expression by luteinizing hormone in bovine tubal epithelial cells.

The hypothesis that bovine oviductal epithelial cells contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors and LH may regulate the oviductal glycoprotein (OGP) gene expression was tested. The results showed that bovine oviductal epithelial cells contain an 80 kDa LH/hCG receptor protein which can bind [(125)I]hCG. Culturing these cells with highly purified hCG, used as a surrogate hormone for LH, resulted in a dose and time dependent increase in a 95 kDa protein and a 2.3 kb transcript of OGP. The maximal increase of 100% was obtained with 10 ng/ml hCG and after three days of culture. LH, but not other hormones in the glycoprotein hormone family, isolated subunits of hCG, estradiol-17beta or progesterone, mimicked hCG, suggesting that the effect is hormone specific and requires the conformation of native hormone. The increase in steady state OGP mRNA levels by hCG is not due to an increase in the transcription rate of the gene. It is rather due to a significant increase in the half-life of OGP transcripts from 23 h in the control to 28 h after treatment with hCG. In summary, we conclude that LH and hCG can increase the synthesis of OGP by decreasing the degradation of its transcripts in bovine oviductal epithelial cells. Since OGP may play important roles in fertilization and growth and development of early embryo, higher LH levels present during the periovulatory period may directly participate in the early pregnancy events through increasing the synthesis of OGP.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hyperdiploidy and E2A-PBX1 fusion in an adult with t(1;19)+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

The t(1;19)(q23;p13), detected cytogenetically in 5-6% of cases, is one of the most common translocations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Most t(1;19)+ ALLs are pseudodiploid or contain fewer than 50 chromosomes, are classified as pre-B based on expression of cytoplasmic, but not surface, immunoglobulin (clg+/slg-), express a characteristic pattern of cell surface antigens, and contain E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. A minority of cases are early pre-B (clg-/slg-), do not express the characteristic pattern of cell surface antigens, and lack E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. These latter cases are frequently hyperdiploid, with a modal chromosome number of 55-57. The incidence of the t(1;19) in adults with ALL (approximately 3%) appears to be similar to that observed in children, but the genetic and immunophenotypic features of adult t(1;19)+ ALL have not been described extensively. We report a case of t(1;19)+ ALL occurring in a 38-year-old man in the setting of hyperdiploidy > 50. Despite this feature, this case was pre-B, conformed to the classic t(1;19) immunophenotype, and expressed E2A-PBX1 fusion mRNAs. This prompted us to review the published literature on ploidy and genetic features of t(1;19)+ ALLs. Overall, E2A-PBX1 fusion occurred in 95% (102/107) of t(1;19)+ B-lineage ALLs with 50 or fewer chromosomes, 80% of which were pseudodiploid, vs. only 25% (2/8) of t(1;19)+ ALLs with more than 50 chromosomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma.

This is the second report of histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma and the first case analyzed by flow cytometry and cytogenetic study. The immunophenotype determined by flow cytometry was that of a B-cell antigen-positive, surface immunoglobulin-negative B-cell lymphoma with 79% CD11c positive histiocytes. The lymphoid cells were composed of 76% neoplastic B-cells and 24% reactive T-cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed large numbers of histiocytes positive for CD68 and lysozyme in the lymph node and the bone marrow. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD45, CD74 and CDw75. The monoclonality of the tumor cells was established by the evidence of rearrangements of the heavy chain and kappa light chain genes and a complex clonal cytogenetic abnormalities including t(8;14)(q11;q32). The tumor cells were large, pleomorphic lymphoid cells and showed no features resembling those of the L/H cells of Hodgkin's disease as previously reported. The rapidly progressive clinical course in the present case is consistent with the clinical features shown in the original study. The histiocytic component in this tumor is presumably recruited by a lymphokine with the nature of a growth factor from the tumor cells that may also be responsible for the rapid proliferation of the tumor cells and the aggressive clinical course. This entity merits special recognition because it leads to a predictable poor prognosis and because of its potential of being misdiagnosed as true histiocytic lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the Ultraviolet Index: media reactions and public response.

BACKGROUND: In response to the increasing rate of skin cancer, particularly melanoma in the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Weather Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Association of Physicians for the Environment, and the American Academy of Dermatology, developed the Ultraviolet Index (UVI) to inform the public of the strength of the sun's rays and advise on methods for sun protection. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the extent to which television stations and newspapers reported the UVI and assess the public's response to it. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of this effort, we surveyed television weather forecasters at 185 stations and examined weather pages in 54 newspapers in 58 cities that received the UVI reports. We also conducted a population probability telephone survey of 700 white adults (18 years of age and older) in these 58 cities. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of the 169 stations that provided survey data for both 1994 and 1995 broadcast the UVI; 61% of newspapers reported the UVI. Nearly 64% of the 700 respondents (n = 445) had heard of the UVI. Of these respondents, 38% (n = 170) stated that they or their family changed their sun protection practices as a result of the UVI. CONCLUSION: The majority of television weather forecasters and newspapers reported the UVI. Most of the public was aware of the UVI, causing some to change sun protection practices. Further evaluation is required to maximize the effect of the UVI on sun protection practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antiviral susceptibility testing-flow cytometric analysis (AST-FCA) for the detection of cytomegalovirus drug resistance.

Antiviral susceptibility testing-flow cytometric analysis (AST-FCA), an application of flow cytometry in conjunction with cell culture, was developed to identify susceptibility of cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolates to the antiviral drugs ganciclovir (GCV) and foscarnet (PFA). The viral isolates used in this study were obtained from peripheral blood of AIDS patients. Among GCV-susceptible strains, the mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) using AST-FCA was 18 microns (SI50 = 1.4). Among GCV resistant strains, the mean IC50 was 47 microns (SI50 = 3.6). For PFA, the mean IC50 was 80 microns (SI50 = 1.0) for susceptible strains. IC50s for strains resistant to PFA, showed no significant reduction of infectivity at the highest drug concentration (i.e., 200 microns PFA) tested. Additional analyses confirmed the accuracy of AST-FCA by parallel testing using plaque reduction assay. AST-FCA is a novel, nonisotopic, and relatively simple to perform laboratory procedure for the identification of CMV drug-resistant strains.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1997

The LS locus of pea encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme ent-kaurene synthase A.

Gibberellins (GAs) are hormones required for several aspects of plant development, including internode elongation and seed development in pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first committed step in the GA biosynthesis pathway is the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) to ent-kaurene via copalyl diphosphate (CDP). These two reactions are catalyzed by the cyclases ent-kaurene synthase A (KSA) and ent-kaurene synthase B (KSB), respectively. Previous genetic and biochemical analysis of the GA-responsive ls-1 mutant of pea suggested that GA levels are reduced in a developmental- and organ-specific manner due to reduced GA biosynthesis. Analysis of cellfree enzyme preparations from WT and ls-1 embryos at contact point reveals that ls-1 reduces the activity of KSA but not KSB. To characterize the ls-1 mutation in more detail, a cDNA coding for a pea KSA was cloned and shown to be encoded by the LS locus. The ls-1 mutation results from an intronic G to A substitution that causes impaired RNA splicing. To determine the activity of the KSAs encoded by the LS and ls-1 alleles, a new in vitro assay for combined KSA and KSB activity has been developed using the KSB gene of pumpkin. Using recombinant WT KSA and KSB fusion proteins, GGDP is converted to ent-kaurene in vitro. Based on the sequence of RT-PCR products, three different truncated KSA proteins are predicted to exist in ls-1 plants. The most abundant mutant KSA protein does not possess detectable activity in vitro. Nevertheless, the ls-1 allele is not null and is able to encode at least a partially functional KSA since a more severe is allele has been identified. The ls-1 mutation has played a key role in identifying a role for GAs in pea seed development in the first few days after fertilization, but not in older seeds. KSA expression in seeds is developmentally regulated and parallels overall GA biosynthesis, suggesting that KSA expression may play an important role in the regulation of GA biosynthesis and seed development.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗
PubMed1997

Gating strategy for immunophenotyping of leukemia and lymphoma.

Clinical specimens of blood, bone marrow, lymph node, extranodal tissue, and body fluid were collected from 67 cases of hematologic neoplasms (including chronic lymphoid leukemias, T- and B-cell lymphomas, and acute lymphoblastic and myelogenous leukemias) for comparison between the right-angle light scatter (RALS)/CD45 and the forward-angle light scatter (FALS)/RALS gating combinations. One to three diagnostic markers were selected from each case, yielding 124 paired results for comparison. We found that the percentage of tumor cell isolation and the total cell count in the tumor cell gate were higher in RALS/CD45 than in FALS/RALS. When 20% was used as a cutoff point, 30 markers in FALS/RALS failed to identify the tumor population, while only 3 markers in RALS/CD45 failed to do so. The discriminative factor in the RALS/CD45 gating was mainly the CD45 intensity, whereas all cases except 3 showed low RALS. Although T-cell neoplasms showed a higher proportion of high CD45 intensity, other groups shared similar ranges of CD45 intensity, which is therefore of limited value for differential diagnosis. The RALS/CD45 combination produces higher recovery and purity for tumor cell isolation than the FALS/RALS combination and should replace the latter for routine immunophenotyping of lymphoma and leukemia.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1997

Basic fibroblast growth factor reduces the gut and liver morphologic and functional injuries after ischemia and reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on ischemic gut and liver injuries after trauma. METHODS: Animal models of superior mesenteric artery occlusion (45 minutes) and reperfusion (3 days) were used in this study. Seventy-two Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 24 rats each. The animals in bFGF-treated group were injected with 4 microg bFGF/rat in 0.15 mL normal saline solution containing heparin 0.1% (w/v) through the jugular vein at the onset of reperfusion. In the normal saline control group, all rats received the same vehicle, but without bFGF. Group 3 (sham-operated) underwent the same laparotomy procedure, but without superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Liver function parameters, the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde (MDA), tissue bacterial examination, and pathologic study were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: In bFGF-treated rats, the amounts of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha were reduced significantly at 6, 24, and 48 hours when compared with normal saline-treated rats. However, the changes in nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and MDA varied from each other as a function of time after injury. The amounts of nitric oxide were increased significantly at 6 hours in intestine in normal saline-treated rats and in liver in bFGF-treated rats (p < 0.05). At 6 hours after reperfusion, the activity of superoxide dismutase in normal saline-treated rats were much lower in liver than those in bFGF-treated and sham-operated rats (p < 0.05), but the levels of MDA were increased in intestine in bFGF-treated rats and in liver in normal saline-treated rats when compared with sham-operated rats (p < 0.05). At 24 hours, the levels of MDA in normal saline-treated rats were much higher than those in both bFGF and sham-operated rats (p < 0.05). Bacterial examination revealed that the ratio and the amounts of bacterial translocation from gut to liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes in bFGF-treated rats were much lower than those in normal saline-treated rats. The results of pathologic study support the assumption that bFGF provided protective effects against reperfusion injury. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of bFGF may benefit in reducing gut and liver injuries after ischemia and reperfusion. The mechanisms of those effects may involve mitogenic and nonmitogenic effects of bFGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The composition of coding joints formed in V(D)J recombination is strongly affected by the nucleotide sequence of the coding ends and their relationship to the recombination signal sequences.

V(D)J recombination proceeds in two stages. Precise cleavage at the border of the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSSs) and the coding ends results in flush double-stranded signal ends and coding ends terminating in hairpins. In the second stage, the signal and coding ends are processed into signal and coding joints. Coding ends containing certain nucleotide homopolymers affect the efficiency of V(D)J recombination. In this study, we have tested the effect of small changes in coding-end nucleotide composition on the frequency of coding- and signal joint formation. Furthermore, we have determined the sequences of coding joints resulting from recombination of coding ends with different compositions. We found that the presence of two T nucleotides 5' of both RSSs, but not a single T, reduces the frequency of signal joint formation, i.e., interferes with the cleavage stage of V(D)J recombination. However, coding-joint processing is sensitive even to a single T. Both the sequence of the coding ends and the particular RSS (12-mer or 23-mer) with which the coding end is associated affect the final composition of the coding joints. Thus, the presence of P nucleotides, the conservation of one undeleted coding end, the formation of joints without any deletions, and the template-dependent insertion of nucleotides are strongly influenced by the coding-end nucleotide composition and/or RSS association. The implications of these results with respect to the processing of coding ends are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Reinterpretation of the RACTK1 K+ channel.

The RACTK1 cDNA cloned from rabbit kidney cortical collecting duct cells was associated with inwardly rectifying pH-regulated K+ channel activity (M. Suzuki, K. Takahashi, M. [keda, H Hayakawa, A. Ogawa, Y. Kawaguchi, and O. Sakai. Nature Lond. 367: 642-645, 1994). The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded novel polypeptide lacked the signature sequence of a K(+)-selective pore region but predicted a topography suggestive of the inward rectifier K+ channel family. In subsequent articles a RACTK1 epitope was immunolocalized to the apical surface of kidney collecting duct and to arteriolar smooth muscle [M. Suzuki, T. Takigawa, K. Kimura, C. Koseki, and M. Imai. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Cell Physiol, 38): C496-C503, 1995], and apamin-sensitive K+ currents displaying Ca(2+)-dependent and voltage-independent activation accompanied stable heterologous overexpression of RACTK1 [M. Suzuki, M. Murata, M. Ikeda, T. Miyoshi, and M. Imai. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol, 39): C964-C968, 1996]. We now report that the "RACTK1" open reading frame is a frame-shifted translation of the antisense strand of an Escherichia coli gene member of a coenzyme A transferase gene family. "RACTK1" mRNA was absent from tissues free of E. coli contamination, and the "RACTK1" gene was undetectable in Southern blots of human and rabbit genomic DNA. We conclude that the immunostaining patterns and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel activity heretofore attributed to RACTK1 must be otherwise explained.

Animals↗