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Biomedical subjects

T Sugawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Sugawa.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Immunomodulating capacity of the monocyte-macrophage system in patients with uterine cervical cancer.

The authors recently measured the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Prostaglandin E (PGE) activity of the monocyte-macrophage system (M phi) in vitro. The results indicated that immunodeficiency in cancer patients is closely associated with reduced IL-1 activity and increased PGE activity of M phi. Immunosuppressive factors in the serum of cancer patients seem to play some role in the mechanism of such change. Therefore, when potentiating M phi in nonspecific immunotherapy, it seems important to suppress secretion of PGE (a suppressor factor of M phi origin which is secreted simultaneously) to make this therapy more effective in advanced cancer cases. Based on these results, an animal experiment was carried out in which tumor-bearing mice were treated with OK-432 and Indomethacin (Ind.) (a PG inhibitor). The results of this experiment suggested that this combination therapy reinforces the M phi-mediated immunopotentiation, resulting in a stronger antitumor effect of OK-432. When we used this combination therapy in advanced cancer cases, the changes observed in immunological parameters also indicated an immunopotentiating effect, i.e., an antitumor effect. These results indicate that the optimum application of BRM therapy should be decided on the basis of an understanding of the immunological factors in the patient.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

[Immunosuppressive effect of culture supernatant derived from decidual cell rich fraction].

The immunosuppressive function of culture supernatant of decidual cell rich fraction (Dec. supp.) was studied with the aim of clarifying the role played by decidual tissue in maintaining pregnancy. To obtain decidual cells, decidual tissue from miscarriages was enzyme-treated and submitted to Percoll discontinuous specific gravity centrifugation in specific gravity fractions from 1,025 to 1,065 in steps of 0.01. Decidual cell rich fraction was obtained in specific gravity fractions at 1,035 and 1,045. The Dec. supp. was obtained by incubating the decidual cell rich fraction for 24 hours. The effects on cell-mediated immunity were studied with the PHA reaction of mononuclear cells (MNC) and the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) among normal subjects. For the PHA reaction, suppression was 19.5 +/- 7.8% and 38.2 +/- 8.9% after the administration of Dec. supp. at 20% and 50% respectively. For the MLR, conspicuous suppression of 48.0 +/- 19.1% and 61.0 +/- 31.2% was seen after administration at 20% and 50% respectively. Next, indomethacin (ind.), a synthetic suppressor of prostaglandin (PG), was added in order to determine what part PG in the culture supernatant plays as one of the immunosuppressive factors in Dec. supp. Suppression was notably weaker. The PGE density in Dec. supp. was measured and found to be as high as 840 +/- 350 pg/ml, which suggests the possible intervention of PG as one of the suppressing factors.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of uterine contraction and a beta-stimulant on placental and fetal brain blood flow in correlation with fetal heart rate changes].

The effects of uterine contraction on placental and fetal brain blood flow in correlation with fetal heart rate change and also beta-stimulant on placental and fetal brain blood flow during late deceleration were studied in late pregnant rabbits. We determined the fetal heart rate (FHR) and placental and fetal brain blood flow by a thermocouple method under urethane anesthesia. Fetuses exposed to a more than 30% decrease in placental blood flow by uterine contraction developed more than 20% bradycardia and also a significant decrease in fetal brain blood flow. There are a significant relationship between the decrease in FHR and fetal brain blood flow. beta-stimulant administered to the mother suffering from already severely hypoxic fetal bradycardia increased FHR in accordance with the increase in the placental blood flow and moreover there was recovery from decreased fetal brain blood flow.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1987

Anemia-inducing substance (AIS) in advanced cancer: inhibitory effect of AIS on the function of erythrocytes and immunocompetent cells.

The effects of anemia-inducing substance (AIS), found in the plasma of tumor-bearing subjects, on red blood cells (RBC) and cellular immunity were examined. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1) The osmotic resistance and the deformability of RBC were decreased in patients with terminal cancer. 2) Normal human RBC were made less deformable and their membrane was made fragile by treatment with cachectic plasma from those patients, and these changes in physical properties were irreversible. 3) Energy metabolism in RBC was affected by AIS, that is, ATP concentration and pyruvate kinase activity in RBC were lowered and transmembrane glucose influx was suppressed. 4) AIS was removed from cachectic plasma by repeated adsorption with normal RBC, and the inhibitory effect on cellular immunity was lessened as AIS was removed. 5) AIS was detected in cachectic RBC membrane, monocytes, and tumor tissue by indirect immunofluorescence assay using rabbit anti-AIS antibody prepared by us. These observations suggest strongly that tumor-derived AIS appears in the blood of patients with terminal cancer, shows cytotoxicity to RBC and immunologically competent cells, and plays a role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexy.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

[Phase II study of cisplatin in cervical and endometrial carcinomas].

A phase II group study of cisplatin for cervical and endometrial carcinomas was carried out in 19 institutes throughout Japan. The patients entered consisted of 62 women with cervical and 7 with endometrial carcinoma of whom 39 and 4 were evaluable, respectively. Cisplatin was administered in either of two regimens; 10-20 mg/m2 i.v., on days 1-5, or 50-100 mg/m2 i.v., on day 1, every 3 to 4 weeks. The responders comprised 4 CRs and 10 PRs for cervical carcinoma and 1 CR and 2 PRs for endometrial carcinoma, and the response rates were 35.9% and 75.0%, respectively. The response rates by histological classification were 39.4% (13/33) for squamous cell carcinoma and 16.7% (1/6) for non-squamous cell carcinoma. Response rates analysed by lesion site were 33.3% for primary tumors, 36.8% for local lesions and 33.3% for metastases. Furthermore, the response rate among patients without any prior chemotherapy was 44.4% vs. 16.7% for those with prior chemotherapy. Adverse effects included nausea and vomiting (95.3%), anorexia (93%), anemia (72.1%), leucopenia (60.5%) and elevation of BUN (16.3%). Adverse effects were tolerable. We concluded from these results that cisplatin is among the most efficacious and useful drugs against cervical (and endometrial) carcinoma(s).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Differing progress patterns in cancer of the uterine cervix and variant effects of adjuvant chemotherapy based on histological type].

Clinical features of 644 surgically treated cases of cancer of the uterine cervix were analyzed according to their histological type. Large cell non-keratinizing carcinomas (L) showed node metastasis proportional to the grade of invasion in the cervix, and the lowest recurrence rate. Small cell non-keratinizing carcinomas (S) tended to have widely spread metastasis from an early stage of the primary lesion. Lateral recurrence from metastatic foci was common in this type. Keratinizing carcinomas (K) were localized in the cervix until the primary tumor became enlarged to a certain size. Central recurrence from invasive foci in the surrounding tissue or organ occurred more often than lateral recurrence in this type. Metastasis pattern of pure adenocarcinomas (A) was similar to that of S, but recurrence was delayed. Adenosquamous carcinomas (AS) showed a similar metastasis pattern to that of K, but recurrence was rapid and the ratio high. Prophylactic maintenance chemotherapy with Tegafur (800 mg/day) or Carboquone (0.5 mg/day) was performed in 187 cases for a period of 2 years after surgery. The effect of maintenance chemotherapy depended on the histological type. A marked effect was obtained in the groups of S and A, in which no recurrence has appeared so far. The recurrence rate of L dropped to 1/5 that of the control. However, unsatisfactory results were shown in the groups of K and AS including the keratinizing cell component. It is of significance that maintenance chemotherapy showed the highest effectiveness in S and A on which conventional adjuvant therapy, i.e. postoperative radiotherapy, has had the least effect. This has led us to consider that a proper selection of adjuvant therapies would contribute toward improving the postoperative prognosis of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Experimental study on the hemodynamics of the neonatal brain.

The effects of inhalation of different gases were studied in neonatal rabbits with the following results: In neonates with normal heart rate (HR), hyperoxia induced by O2 inhalation did not appreciably affect HR, but it increased cerebral tissue PO2, while decreasing cerebral blood flow (CBF). In many of those which fell into a state of marked bradycardia, not only HR and CBF but also cerebral tissue PO2 levels were recovered as a result of O2 inhalation. CBF was increased even when HR was hardly changed (at least when the HR decrease was 10% or less) by hypercarbia due to inhalation of CO2 mixed air. Severe hyperoxia induced by N2O inhalation caused bradycardia and reduced CBF.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the increased uterine tonus on maternal hemodynamics.

In an experiment using 103 late pregnant rabbits, the resting uterine tonus was increased by inserting a balloon into the amniotic cavity on the cervical side (n = 71) or the ovarian side (n = 52) and the effects of this increase on the maternal blood pressure, renal cortical blood flow (measured by a thermocouple method), renal arterial and carotid arterial blood flow (measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter) were studied. The findings are briefly described, as follows: The maternal blood pressure was slightly increased on both sides (by 12.0 +/- 3.5% on the cervical and by 12.0 +/- 3.8% on the ovarian side). However, there was a hemodynamic difference between the renal cortical and renal arterial blood flow on the cervical side and those on the ovarian side: They were slightly increased on the cervical side and slightly decreased on the ovarian side. On the basis of these findings, the following may be proposed: An increase in resting uterine tonus causes a rise in maternal blood pressure associated with blood redistribution from the uteroplacental vascular bed. However, the fact that the renal blood flow was decreased consequently upon the increase in resting uterine tonus raised a possibility of neurotransmission via the ovarian plexus as well as utero-renal reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Influence of maternal hyperoxia or hypercarbia on the hemodynamics of the placenta and fetal brain.

Pregnant rabbits were subjected to inhalation of different gases, and the changes in placental blood flow (PBF), fetal heart rate (HR), and fetal cerebral blood flow (CBF) associated with the changes in maternal blood gas levels were studied. The results are given below. In maternal hyperoxia, maternal blood pressure (BP) was not much influenced and PBF remained unchanged or was slightly decreased when the PCO2 level was not varied or when it was lowered. In contrast, not only maternal BP but also PBF was increased when the PCO2 level was elevated. In the absence of a conspicuous increase in PCO2, neither fetal HR nor CBF varied, regardless of PBF. Both maternal BP and PBF were increased in mild to moderate maternal hypoxia (PO2 greater than 40 mmHg) and decreased in severe hypoxia (PO2 less than 30 mmHg). The decreasing trend of fetal HR or CBF was strengthened as maternal hypoxia was intensified. An obvious decrease in either parameter was observed in severe maternal hypoxia (PO2 less than 30 mmHg). Fetal HR and CBF were well maintained. in hypoxic dams with increased PBF as compared with those with unchanged or decreased PBF. The higher the PCO2 level or the lower the pH value, the more was fetal bradycardia that was apt to occur, even in a mildly hypoxic state.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1985

[Fundamental and clinical studies on aztreonam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Aztreonam (SQ 26,776, AZT), a new monobactam antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied with the following results. Uterine and adnexal concentrations of AZT after intravenous injection of 1 g were highest 3 hours after administration in the ranges of between 18.6-23.4 micrograms/g 16.5-28.2 micrograms/g, respectively, and and rapidly decreased thereafter. Penetration of AZT into the pelvic dead space exudate was quickly recognized after intravenous injection of 1 g and its concentration 30 minutes after administration was 14.08 +/- 7.08 micrograms/ml and highest (22.35 +/- 5.85 micrograms/ml) 2 hours after administration. It gradually decreased to 8.50 +/- 2.07 micrograms/ml 6 hours after administration. Clinical effect was studied by administering 1-3 g of AZT twice a day for 3-16 days by intravenous drip infusion for 18 patients with various infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Efficacy of AZT for 9 genital infection cases were excellent for 4 cases, good for 4 cases and poor for 1 case, with an overall efficacy rate of 88.9%. For 2 UTI cases, it was excellent for one case and good for the other, and for 4 pelvioperitonitis cases, excellent for 3 cases and good for 1 case. For 2 inflammation cases of the pelvic dead space, efficacy of AZT was excellent for both of them. With regard to side effect, there was only one rash case experienced. It was considered from the above results that AZT is sufficiently useful for the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology and also useful for various gynecologic surgery cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of UFT in cancer of the uterine cervix].

UFT Phase II study was undertaken as a joint research project at 6 institutions on 36 patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. Results showed that, in the 25 of 36 cases in whom results and conclusions were feasible, there was an effectiveness of 16% (CR 3 cases, PR 1 case, NC 17 cases, PD 4 cases). Histologically, there was 25% effectiveness with large-cell, non-keratinizing, epidermoid carcinoma, against 16.7% with small-cell type. Considerable effect was noted as to metastasis effect in terms of location: Virchow 50%, and lungs 33.3%. CR effectiveness was noted in one case of local recurrence following irradiation. In 10 (37%) of the 27 evaluable cases some side effects were observed. Virtually all involved the digestive organs, and serious bone-marrow problems, hepatic or renal impairment were not evident. The findings suggested that UFT is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma↗