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Biomedical subjects

T Stijnen

Publications and source records attributed to T Stijnen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Dead space and slope indices from the expiratory carbon dioxide tension-volume curve.

The slope of phase 3 and three noninvasively determined dead space estimates derived from the expiratory carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) versus volume curve, including the Bohr dead space (VD,Bohr), the Fowler dead space (VD,Fowler) and pre-interface expirate (PIE), were investigated in 28 healthy control subjects, 12 asthma and 29 emphysema patients (20 severely obstructed and nine moderately obstructed) with the aim to establish diagnostic value. Because breath volume and frequency are closely related to CO2 elimination, the recording procedures included varying breath volumes in all subjects during self-chosen/natural breathing frequency, and fixed frequencies of 10, 15 and 20 breaths x min(-1) with varying breath volumes only in the healthy controls. From the relationships of the variables with tidal volume (VT), the values at 1 L were estimated to compare the groups. The slopes of phase 3 and VD,Bohr at 1 L VT showed the most significant difference between controls and patients with asthma or emphysema, compared to the other two dead space estimates, and were related to the degree of airways obstruction. Discrimination between no-emphysema (asthma and controls) and emphysema patients was possible on the basis of a plot of intercept and slope of the relationship between VD,Bohr and VT. A combination of both the slope of phase 3 and VD,Bohr of a breath of 1 L was equally discriminating. The influence of fixed frequencies in the controls did not change the results. The conclusion is that Bohr dead space in relation to tidal volume seems to have diagnostic properties separating patients with asthma from patients with emphysema with the same degree of airways obstruction. Equally discriminating was a combination of both phase 3 and Bohr dead space of a breath of 1 L. The different pathophysiological mechanisms in asthma and emphysema leading to airways obstruction are probably responsible for these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fetal atrioventricular, venous, and arterial flow velocity waveforms in the small for gestational age fetus.

Arterial, venous, and intracardiac Doppler flow velocity waveforms were studied in 50 women with a small for gestational age (SGA) fetus according to a cross-sectional study design. No Doppler signals could be obtained in five women for technical reasons. The remaining 45 women were compared with normal control subjects matched for gestational age and maternal parity. The 45 SGA fetuses were divided into birth weight below the 5th centile for gestational age (group I, n = 35) and birth weight between the 5th and 10th centile for gestational age (group II, n = 10). A significant difference in baseline characteristics was found between both SGA subsets and normal controls. In SGA I fetuses, the pulsatility index in the umbilical artery and descending aorta was significantly higher, but lower in the middle cerebral artery when compared with normal controls. At the atrioventricular and venous level (umbilical vein, ductus venosus, and inferior vena cava) reduced time-averaged velocities were established. PIV in the ductus venosus and IVC showed a significant increase. Within the same SGA subset, no relationship could be established between arterial downstream impedance and 1) atrioventricular flow velocities and 2) pulsatility index in the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava. Also, no relationship existed between flow velocity waveforms and pregnancy-induced hypertension and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Umbilical venous pulsations and absent/reverse flow in the umbilical artery were associated with a high intrauterine mortality rate and low birth weights. In SGA II fetuses, the pulsatility index in the umbilical artery and descending aorta was significantly higher than in normal controls. It can be concluded that fetuses with a birth weight below the 5th centile demonstrate marked changes in arterial, atrioventricular, and venous flow velocity waveforms. Atrioventricular and venous flow velocity waveforms change independently from arterial downstream impedance, suggesting that other factors, such as reduced volume flow and myocardial contraction force, may play a role in the observed changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of long-acting somatostatin analog (Somatulin) on renal hyperfiltration in patients with IDDM.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether long-acting somatostatin (SMS) can suppress renal hyperfiltration in patients with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized treatment of nine patients with IDDM was used. Selection criteria were renal hyperfiltration (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] > or = 129 ml.min-1.1.73 m2) and absence of hypertension and macroalbuminuria. Treatment was either with a long-acting SMS analog (Somatulin, 30 mg) or with placebo, given by intramuscular injections every 10 days for 9 months. GFR, effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), IGF-I, and 24-h growth hormone (GH) profiles were used as evaluation parameters. RESULTS: Five patients were randomized to Somatulin, four patients to placebo. One of the patients treated with Somatulin stopped after 3 months because of persistent abdominal discomfort after the injections. Somatulin treatment for 3 months lowered GFR and ERPF compared with placebo (P < 0.05). After 9 months, the differences were no longer significant. After 3 months, IGF-I concentrations were decreased in all Somatulin-treated patients. GH secretion tended to increase in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of long-acting Somatulin to patients with IDDM and renal hyperfiltration leads to only a temporary reduction of ERPF/GFR.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fetal atrioventricular flow-velocity waveforms and their relation to arterial and venous flow-velocity waveforms at 8 to 20 weeks of gestation.

BACKGROUND: Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the nature and gestational age-related changes of human fetal AV flow-velocity waveforms and to establish their relationship with arterial impedance indexes and venous flow velocities in normal human fetuses between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flow-velocity waveform recordings were attempted in 318 singleton pregnancies. After the exclusion criteria were applied, data on 214 women were available for further analysis. Differentiation between E wave and A wave became possible at 9 weeks, whereas distinction between transmittal and transtricuspid valve flow velocities was first achieved at 10 to 11 weeks. A statistically significant nonlinear gestational age-dependent increase was established for all AV waveform parameters, which became linear when related to logarithmically estimated fetal crown-to-rump length. Transtricuspid valve flow velocities were significantly higher than transmittal valve flow velocities. Transmittal valve time-averaged flow velocities were positively correlated with peak diastolic velocities and time-velocity integral of late-diastolic reverse flow in the inferior vena cava. No correlation existed between AV time-averaged velocities and arterial impedance indexes. CONCLUSIONS: Monophasic AV flow-velocity waveforms can be recorded as early as 8 weeks of gestation and become biphasic as early as 8 weeks. They demonstrate a linear increase relative to logarithmically estimated fetal crown-to-rump length, suggesting that fetal growth-related increase in volume flow plays a role in this velocity rise. Transtricuspid valve A-wave and E-wave velocities suggest right ventricular predominance as early as the late first trimester of pregnancy. AV flow velocities are not related to arterial downstream impedance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pulmonary diffusing capacity at reduced alveolar volumes in children.

The diffusing capacity, when normalized per liter of alveolar volume (DL,CO/VA) decreases in normal adults, whereas their total diffusing capacity (DL,CO) increases as alveolar volume (VA) increases. We studied these relationships in a group of normal children below 20 years of age. Diffusion variables were determined using the single breath technique. The effects of sex, age, and height on these relationships were estimated. DL,CO increased and DL,CO/VA decreased as alveolar volume increased. DL,CO and DL,CO/VA reference values at total lung capacity (TLC) appeared to be comparable to reference values at TLC in the literature. Reference values of DL,CO and DL,CO/VA derived from measurements at various alveolar volumes also predict similar values at TLC. The advantage of our reference equations is their applicability to patients with restrictive lung disease. Actual DL,CO/VA can be compared with reference DL,CO/VA at actual (restrictive) TLC instead of reference DL,CO/VA at reference TLC. This comparison extends the evaluation of a diffusion disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Transverse forces exerted on the maxillary incisors during laryngoscopy.

PURPOSE: In this study the effect of level of experience of the intubator on the forces applied by the Macintosh laryngoscope on the maxillary incisors in both the axial and transverse direction were investigated. METHODS: Five groups of different levels of experience (15 per group), staff anaesthetists, residents, nurse anaesthetists, surgeons and students, performed one laryngoscopy and subsequent intubation on an intubation manikin equipped with sensors to measure these forces. RESULTS: Maximal transverse forces oriented toward the base of the skull (Fmtpmax) were between 0 and 10 N in 46 cases (61%), between 10 and 20 N in 21 (28%) and > or = 20 N (maximum 46.5 N) in eight cases (11%). The maximal values of the transverse forces oriented toward the intubator (Fmtnmax) were between 0 and 10 N in 69 cases (92%), between 10 and 20 N in 3 (4%) and > or = 20 N (maximum 36.4 N) in 3 (4%). Level of experience was related to Fmtpmax (Spearman: P = 0.04, r = 0.24). In addition, Fmtnmax was less in experienced intubators (anaesthetist and residents) than in inexperienced intubators (all other groups) (Student's t test: P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In contrast to the effect on forces exerted in the axial direction, experience proved to have a beneficial effect on the forces in the transverse direction.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Interobserver reproducibility of qualitative and quantitative analysis of intravascular ultrasound images before and after peripheral balloon angioplasty.

In this study, interobserver agreement on intravascular ultrasound data obtained before and after balloon angioplasty (PTA) of the superficial femoral artery was assessed. Two observers analyzed intravascular ultrasound cross-sections from 38 patients. Interobserver agreement was good for soft and hard lesions, dissection and vascular damage (kappa values 0.61, 0.67, 0.69 and 0.66, respectively); moderate for eccentric lesions (kappa 0.45); fair for media ruptures (kappa 0.25); and poor for lipid deposits and plaque ruptures (kappa 0.0 and 0.04, respectively). Differences for the arc of normal wall and hard lesion were not significant, but were for dissection. There were no significant interobserver differences between area measurements. The coefficient of variation for free lumen area and media-bounded area before PTA was 17.2% and 10.5% and after PTA 11.2% and 9.2%, respectively. This study identified the intravascular ultrasound parameters that are reproducible.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1996

Growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone and clonidine in patients with type I diabetes and in normal controls: effect of age, body mass index and sex.

OBJECTIVE: Increased plasma concentrations of GH and increased GH responses to provocative stimuli are reported in patients with poorly controlled type I diabetes and are suggested to be related to complications. Our aim was to investigate GH concentrations in moderately controlled patients. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: We have investigated IGF-I concentrations and fasting GH concentrations and the response to 1 microgram/kg body weight GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) intravenously and/or to 150 micrograms clonidine intravenously in 77 moderately controlled patients with type I diabetes and in 46 healthy controls. RESULTS: Median HbA1c in the patients was 8.5% (upper level of normal 6.3%). Fasting GH and GH concentrations after the administration of GHRH were not significantly different in patients with type I diabetes compared with normal controls. Fasting and stimulated GH concentrations after the administration of clonidine were significantly higher in the patients, but this could be explained by their lower age and body mass index compared with controls. In controls but not in patients there was a negative correlation between GH and glucose concentrations. IGF-I was significantly lower in patients with diabetes than in controls, even after correction for age, body mass index and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with moderately controlled type I diabetes mellitus have normal baseline and stimulated GH concentrations after the administration of GHRH or clonidine compared with healthy controls, when corrected for age, body mass index and sex. However, these 'normal' GH concentrations must be considered inappropriately high in view of the hyperglycaemia in these patients. The low plasma IGF-I concentrations might be responsible for the GH over-production.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A regression method including chronological and bone age for predicting final height in Turner's syndrome, with a comparison of existing methods.

A total of 235 measurement points of 57 Dutch women with Turner's syndrome (TS), including women with spontaneous menarche and oestrogen treatment, served to develop a new Turner-specific final height (FH) prediction method (PTS). Analogous to the Tanner and Whitehouse mark 2 method (TW) for normal children, smoothed regression coefficients are tabulated for PTS for height (H), chronological age (CA) and bone age (BA), both TW RUS and Greulich and Pyle (GP). Comparison between all methods on 40 measurement points of 21 Danish TS women showed small mean prediction errors (predicted minus observed FH) and corresponding standard deviation (ESD) of both PTSRUS and PTSGP, in particular at the "younger" ages. Comparison between existing methods on the Dutch data indicated a tendency to overpredict FH. Before the CA of 9 years the mean prediction errors of the Bayley and Pinneau and TW methods were markedly higher compared with the other methods. Overall, the simplest methods--projected height (PAH) and its modification (mPAH)--were remarkably good at most ages. Although the validity of PTSRUS and PTSGP remains to be tested below the age of 6 years, both gave small mean prediction errors and a high accuracy. FH prediction in TS is important in the consideration of growth-promoting therapy or in the evaluation of its effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A new model to predict final height in constitutionally tall children.

In order to develop new height prediction models for children with constitutionally tall stature, 55 such boys and 88 girls were recalled for measurement of adult final height (FH). Data on height (H), age (CA), and target height (TH) were collected from the hospital charts and radiographs of the left hand and wrist were retrieved and used for bone age (BA) determination [BA according to the methods of Greulich and Pyle (BAGP) and Tanner and Whitehouse (BARUS)]. Standard multiple regression techniques were used to develop prediction equations for FH. In addition to test the validity of the new equations, FH was measured in a second group of constitutionally tall children (n = 32) and compared with the predicted FH according to our models. In addition, a comparison was made with other prediction methods. Mean (SD) FH was 196.0 (4.9) cm in boys and 180.5 (3.8) cm in girls. The ultimate regression equation was FH (cm) = 216.07 + 0.75 x H + 0.25 x TH -11.09 BAGP + 0.74 x (CA x BAGP) for boys and FH = 161.42 + 0.73 x H + 0.15 x TH - 8.41 x CA -8.83 x BARUS -2.45 x M + 0.55 x (CA x BARUS) for girls. The models showed satisfying accuracy: the mean (SD) errors were -1.4(3.2) cm for boys and -0.5(3.1) cm for girls with corresponding mean (SD) absolute errors of 2.7 (2.2) cm and 2.0 (2.4) cm, respectively. Compared with the current prediction methods, the new models were quite promising. Their clinical validity has to be ascertained in larger groups of tall children.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Standards for total body fat and fat-free mass in infants.

Data on body composition in conjunction with reference centiles are helpful in identifying the severity of growth and nutritional disorders in infancy and for evaluating the adequacy of treatment given during this important period of rapid growth. Total body fat (TBF) and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated from total body electrical conductivity (TBEC) measurements in 423 healthy term Caucasian infants, aged 14-379 days. Cross sectional age, weight, and length related centile standards are presented for TBF and FFM. Centiles were calculated using Altman's method, based on polynomial regression and modelling of the residual variation. The TBF percentage steeply increased during the first half year of life, and slowly declined beyond this age. Various simple TBEC derived anthropometric prediction equations for TBF and FFM are available to be used in conjunction with these standards. Regression equations for the P50 and the residual SD, depending on age, weight, or length, are provided for constructing centile charts and calculating standard deviation scores.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Fluticasone propionate in children with moderate asthma.

Inhaled corticosteroids are considered to be effective and safe to treat children with asthma. These drugs, often used as maintenance treatment, can, however, influence the HPA-axis, which might be reflected by the serum and urine cortisol concentration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (FP) 100 microg administered twice a day via a Diskhaler for 3 mo. FP was tested in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel trial in a group of 34 children with moderate asthma who did not use inhaled steroids for at least 4 wk prior to the study. At home, symptoms and peak flow recordings (PEFR) were noted in a diary. At each visit lung function was measured, and serum and urinary cortisol were determined. During treatment, wheezing decreased and PEFR values increased in the FP group. FEV1 and PC20-histamine increased and the reversibility decreased in the FP group. All changes were significant, with the exception of the change in nocturnal PEFR. Four weeks after cessation of FP all parameters returned to pretreatment values. Serum cortisol did not change significantly in either treatment group. The decrease in urinary cortisol in the FP group was significant only if it was compared with the increase in urinary cortisol in the placebo group. We conclude that FP 100 microg given twice a day is effective in children with moderate stable asthma. Suppression of the HPA-axis by FP 100 microg given twice daily, although not likely, cannot be ruled out by this study since the absence of a significant decrease in urinary cortisol in the FP group could be due to an insufficient number of patients. Additional studies are required to solve this problem.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Yearly stepwise increments of the growth hormone dose results in a better growth response after four years in girls with Turner syndrome. Dutch Working Group on Growth Hormone.

To optimize the growth promoting effect of growth hormone (GH), 65 previously untreated girls with Turner syndrome (TS), chronological age (CA) 2-11 yr, were randomized into 3 dosage regimen groups: A, B, and C, with a daily recombinant-human GH dose during 4 study years of 4-4-4-4, 4-6-6-6, and 4-6-8-8 IU/m2 b.s. The first GH dosage increase in groups B and C resulted in a significantly higher mean height velocity (HV) compared with constant dose group A. During the third year, when the dose was raised again only in group C, mean HV was significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A, and in group C compared with group B. In year 4 only group C mean HV remained significantly higher than group A. The pattern of change in HSDSCA (Dutch-Swedish-Danish Turner references) was identical; however, in year 4 mean delta HSDSCA in group B also remained significantly higher than group A. After 4 yr GH treatment, the following was determined. 1) The mean delta HSDSCA was significantly higher for groups B and C compared with group A, but not significantly different between groups B and C. 2) Although significantly higher compared with estimated values for untreated Dutch girls with TS, bone maturation of the GH treated girls was not significantly different between groups. 3) It was positively related with the degree of bone age (BA) retardation at start of study and negatively with baseline CA. 4) Both the modified Index of Potential Height (mIPHRUS) and a recently developed Turner-specific final height (FH) prediction method (PTSRUS), based on regression coefficients for H, CA, and bone age, showed significant increases in mean FH prediction, without significant differences between groups. PTSRUS values were markedly higher than the mIPHRUS values. Dose dependency could be shown for the area under the curve (AUC) for GH, but delta HSDSCA was not linearly related with AUC. Baseline GH binding protein (BP) levels were in 84% of the cases within the normal age range; the decrease in mean levels after 6 months GH was not significant. Mean insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGFBP-3 plasma levels increased significantly, without significant differences between groups. delta HSDSCA during GH was dependent on IGF-I plasma levels at baseline and during the study period, beta-0.002 and beta-0.0004. Thus, a stepwise GH-dosing approach reduced the "waning" effect of the growth response after 4 yr treatment without undue bone maturation. FH prediction was not significantly different between treatment groups. Irrespective of the GH dose used, initiation of GH treatment at a younger age was beneficial after 4 yr GH when expressed as actual cm gained or as gain in FH prediction, but was not statistically significant when expressed as delta HSDSCA over the study period.

Body Height↗
PubMed1996

Accuracy of final height prediction and effect of growth-reductive therapy in 362 constitutionally tall children.

Height reduction by means of treatment with high doses of sex steroids in constitutionally tall stature (CTS) is a well known, though still controversial, therapy. The establishment of the effect of such therapy is dependent on the height prediction method applied. We evaluated the reliability of various prediction methods together with the subjective clinician's judgment in 143 untreated children (55 boys and 88 girls) with CTS and the effect of height-reductive therapy in 249 tall children (60 boys and 159 girls) treated with high doses of sex hormones (cases). For this purpose, we compared the predicted adult height with the attained height at a mean adult age of 25 yr and adjusted the therapeutic effect for differences in bone age (BA), chronological age (CA), and height prediction between untreated and treated children. At the time of the height prediction, controls were significantly shorter, had more advanced estimated BAs (except for the BA according to Greulich and Pyle in boys), had lower target heights, and had smaller adult height predictions compared with the CTS patients (P < 0.05). At the time of the follow-up, CTS patients were significantly taller than controls for both boys and girls (P < 0.02). In controls, a large variability was found for the errors of prediction of the various prediction methods and in relation to CA. The prediction according to Bailey and Pinneau systematically overestimated adult height in CTS children, whereas the other prediction methods (Tanner-Whitehouse prediction and index of potential height) systematically underestimated final height. The mean (SD) absolute errors of the prediction methods varied from 2.3 (1.8) to 5.3 (4.3) cm in boys and from 2.0 (1.9) to 3.7 (3.5) cm in girls. They were significantly negatively correlated with CA (r = [minus 0.27 to -0.65; P < 0.05), except for the Tanner-Whitehouse prediction in boys, indicating that height prognosis is more reliable with increasing CA. In addition, experienced clinicians gave accurate height predictions by evaluating the growth chart of the child while taking into account various clinical parameters, such as CA, BA, and pubertal stage. The effect of sex hormone therapy was assessed by means of multiple regression analysis while adjusting for differences in height prediction, CA, and BA at the start of therapy between treated and untreated children. The mean (SD) adjusted effect varied from -0.5 (2.4) to 0.3 (1.4) cm in boys and from -0.6 (2.1) to 2.4 (1.4) cm in girls. The adjusted height reduction was dependent on the BA at the time of start of sex hormone therapy and was more pronounced when treatment was started at a younger BA. In boys, the treatment effect was significantly negative at BAs exceeding 14-15 yr. After cessation of therapy, additional mean (SD) growth of 2.4 (1.2) and 2.7 (1.1) cm was observed for boys and girls, respectively. The mean (SD) BA according to Greulich and Pyle at that time was 17.1 (0.7) yr for boys and 15.2 (0.6) yr for girls. These data demonstrate that height prediction in children with CTS is inaccurate in boys, but clinically acceptable in girls. With increasing age, height prognosis became more accurate. Overall, the height-reducing effect of high doses of sex hormones in children with CTS was limited, especially in boys. However, a significant effect of treatment was observed when treatment was started at BAs less than 14-15 yr, depending on the method of BA assessment. In boys, treatment appeared to be contraindicated at BAs older than 14-15 yr, because androgen administration caused extra growth instead of growth inhibition. It is recommended that referral should take place early, preferably before puberty, for careful monitoring of growth and height prediction. Moreover, it is recommended not to discontinue therapy before complete closure of the epiphyses of the hand has occurred to avoid considerable posttreatment growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Information processing during general anesthesia: evidence for unconscious memory.

Memory for words presented during general anesthesia was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, surgical patients (n = 80) undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia were presented shortly before and during surgery with words via headphones. At the earliest convenient time after surgery (within 5 h) and 24 h later, memory was tested by asking patients to complete auditorily presented word stems with the first word that came to mind and to leave out words they remembered having heard earlier (exclusion task). Moreover, patients were requested to perform a "yes/no" forced-choice recognition task to assess recognition memory for both the pre- and intraoperative words. Memory for the material presented during anesthesia was demonstrated immediately after surgery and 24 h later by means of both tasks. In a second similar experiment (n = 80), the results were replicated. These findings show that anesthetized patients can process information that was presented intraoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of growth hormone treatment in prepubertal children after renal transplant.

Sustained growth retardation in spite of a successful renal transplantation (RTx) is a serious problem for many pediatric allograft recipients. Biosynthetic growth hormone (GH) was given to 11 prepubertal children with severe growth retardation after RTx in a placebo-controlled double-blind study, assessing its effect on height velocity (HV), bone maturation, renal function, plasma IGF-I and IGF-II, serum IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Six months of GH (4 IU/m2/day s.c.) was either preceded or followed by six months of placebo. The patients underwent a full examination every three months. All children completed the study. Mean HV improved significantly with GH therapy (P < 0.0001), but there was also some improvement with placebo (P = 0.06). The GH-induced HV increment exceeded that of placebo by 2.9 cm/six months. Bone maturation was not accelerated. Acute renal graft rejection did not occur in any of the patients. 125I-thalamate and 131I-hippuran tests showed that mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) did not change significantly during GH therapy. GH caused a significant increase in IGF-I (P < 0.0001), which was far greater than the insignificant increase in serum IGFBP-3 levels (P = 0.16). Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein-A1 and -B, which are elevated at the start of the study compared with that of controls, did not change significantly during GH therapy. GH induced a significant increase in mean integrated plasma insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test, without changing plasma glucose levels. Serum fructosamine and parathyroid hormone levels remained constant. Impressive HV increment can be achieved with GH therapy in children with growth retardation after RTx, without significant changes in renal function. Bone maturation appears unaffected, suggesting an improve final height.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Experimental nephrolithiasis in rats: the effect of ethylene glycol and vitamin D3 on the induction of renal calcium oxalate crystals.

Using ethylene glycol (EG) and vitamin D3 as crystal-inducing diet (CID) in rats, we investigated the effect of the dosage of EG on the generation of chronic calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. We collected weekly 24 hour urines and measured herein the amount of oxalate, calcium, glycosaminoglycans (GAG's), creatinine, protein, alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). The potential of these urines to inhibit crystal growth and agglomeration was also evaluated. After four weeks, the kidneys were screened by histology and radiography for the presence of CaOx crystals and the amount of kidney-associated oxalate was biochemically measured. Using 0.5 vol.% EG, only a part of the rats showed CaOx deposition in the renal cortex and/or medulla, without obvious differences between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. If a dietary EG concentration of 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 vol.% was used, the amount of kidney-associated oxalate was proportionally higher and CaOx crystal formation was consistently found in all rats. Most crystals were encountered in the cortex, whereas in the medulla and the papillary region, crystals were only occasionally detected. From these data, we conclude that in the chronic rat model, based on EG and vitamin D3, a consistent deposition of CaOx crystals is obtained using a EG concentration of at least 0.75%.

Animals↗