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Biomedical subjects

T Sota

Publications and source records attributed to T Sota.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Personality assessment of homeless adults as a tool for service planning.

The psychiatric status of homeless adults has been described primarily in terms of Axis I disorders. By adding a subset of the Personality Assessment Inventory, this study tests the feasibility and usefulness of a brief, self-administered questionnaire to obtain scores on several dimensions of personality. Cluster analysis sorted 112 tested subjects into four groups characterized by distinct profiles. Two of these were characterized by extreme scores on pathological dimensions of personality (borderline features, antisocial traits, and aggressivity) and differed primarily on the dimension of suicidality. The third reflected moderate levels of personality dysfunction and the fourth did not deviate from adult nonclinical norms. The validity of the clusters was supported by demographic, background, and diagnostic subgroup differences. Brief personality assessment can be a cost-effective approach to matching services with clinical needs of homeless adults by attending to interpersonal dimensions that will likely affect service provision.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Physical and biological attributes of water channels utilized by Culex pipiens pallens immatures in Saga City, southwest Japan.

Physical and biological attributes of water channels utilized by immatures of Culex pipiens pallens were studied in Saga City, Japan. Water in mosquito-productive segments generally was stagnant or slowly running (mean < 5 cm/sec), with low and fluctuating dissolved oxygen concentrations and high electric conductivity. Water flow > 20 cm/sec was considered necessary for prevention of mosquito breeding. The aquatic fauna in mosquito-productive segments was composed of taxa tolerable to polluted water. Adult Odonata were more diverse in segments with emergent vegetation irrespective of physical attributes of channel water. Fish diversity was higher in mosquito-free segments. Twenty-three fish species were confirmed in the creek networks. Temporary flooding did not flush mosquito immatures from mosquito-productive segments, indicating the high stability of those segments as mosquito immature habitats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Geographic variation in the expression of autogeny in Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae) under different temperature and photoperiod conditions.

Larval developmental time, adult size, and the expression of autogeny were studied in eight populations of Aedes togoi (Theobald) originating from 4.8 degrees N to 49.2 degrees N under four experimental conditions of temperature and photoperiod (20 degrees C and 10:14 [L:D] h; 20, 25, 30 degrees C and 16:8 [L:D] h). Larval developmental time and adult scutum length decreased as a function of increasing rearing temperature. In northern populations at 20 degrees C, larval developmental time was shorter in short-day than in long-day conditions. Females of tropical and subarctic populations remained autogenous under different conditions and produced many autogenous eggs in the first batch. In subtropical and temperate populations, the percentage of autogenous females varied from 0 to 100%, being highest at low temperature and short-day condition. A correlation analysis of population traits indicated that the autogeny rate was correlated positively with larval developmental time and the number of eggs per autogenous female. The life-history traits did not show a simple clinal gradient over mean annual temperature of the locality of origin, except that adult scutum length decreased with an increase in mean temperature. A principal components analysis for female life-history traits revealed a continuous latitudinal change from temperate to tropical populations; populations at low latitudes were small in adult size and more autogenous. Subarctic populations showed a departure from this trend, having large adult size but high autogeny rate.

Aedes↗
PubMed1995

Macroconditions of channel segments utilized by Culex pipiens pallens immatures in Saga City, southwest Japan.

The relation between macroconditions of water channels and the breeding of Culex pipiens pallens in Saga City were examined, based on weekly census data over 3 years for ca. 2,000 channel segments. Mosquito breeding activity was greatest in channel segments between building lots and field lots in the suburban area. The segments involved ranged from narrow roadside ditches (width < 1 m) to wide irrigation canals (width > 10 m), all of which were utilized by mosquitoes. There was a weak tendency for more mosquito breeding in narrower segments. Water flow indices ranged from 0% (always stagnant) to 100% (always flowing). Mosquito breeding tended to be suppressed with an increase in flow indices. Mosquito breeding was confirmed in ca. 35% of segments yearly, and such mosquito-productive segments tended to persist during 3 study years.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Seasonal distribution and habitat selection by Aedes albopictus and Ae. riversi (Diptera: Culicidae) in northern Kyushu, Japan.

Temporal and spatial distribution of adult and larval Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes riversi Bohart & Ingram were studied on a small island and coastal area of northern Kyushu, Japan. Adults of Ae. albopictus attracted to human bait were distributed uniformly in an evergreen forest, a citrus orchard surrounded by forest, and an area disturbed by humans, whereas Ae. riversi was confined to evergreen forest and its adjacent area. Adults of both species occurred from May through October. Although Ae. riversi outnumbered Ae. albopictus early in the season, Ae. albopictus were much more abundant than Ae. riversi later in the season, with maximum abundance in July-September. Larval Ae. riversi occurred primarily in tree holes but also were found in bamboo stumps and artificial containers in forests. Despite the abundance of adult Ae. albopictus in the forest, larvae occurred in tree holes less frequently than Ae. riversi; it more frequently exploited bamboo stumps, stone vases, and discarded tires outside the forest.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

Northernmost occurrences of the protistan pathogen, Coelomomyces stegomyiae var. stegomyiae.

Now reported as parasitizing the ovaries of female Aedes albopictus on Kabeshima (33.33N x 129.53E), Coelomomyces stegomyiae var. stegomyiae had been found earlier in larvae of this mosquito on Mikura-jima (33.53N x 139.35E). These findings from 2 widely separated little Japanese islands constitute the parasite's most northerly records to date. Few previous reports of Coelomomyces spp., none concerning C. stegomyiae, have involved adult mosquitoes. Possible reasons for this are advanced.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of biting Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) among pigs: effects of host size and behavior.

The distribution of biting Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles females among pigs was analyzed to determine the effect of host size and behavior on host selection by the mosquitoes. The number of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected per sow was significantly greater than that on her piglets. Sleeping piglets were attacked more frequently by mosquitoes than wakeful ones. The distribution of biting mosquitoes among different-sized piglets was aggregated compared with expected random distribution, and one of four data sets showed significant host size-dependence. Pig activity (including mosquito defensive behavior) significantly reduced the number of attacking mosquitoes, but total pig activity score was not related significantly to total mosquito counts during the early half of the night or the entire night. Data on the residence times of mosquitoes on pigs indicated that interrupted (and consequently multiple feedings) were frequent. The effects of size-dependent (age-dependent) host selection by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus on the amplification of Japanese encephalitis virus were discussed in relation to control programs.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of zooprophylaxis in malaria control: a theoretical inquiry, with a model for mosquito populations with two bloodmeal hosts.

A model for a vector mosquito population with two bloodmeal hosts (man and a domestic animal) was developed to study the influences of domestic animals on the frequency of mosquito bites on man and the endemicity of human malaria. The vector population model, including blood-feeding success in the adult stage (depending on host density and biting efficiency) and density-dependent regulation in the larval stage, was combined with the Ross-Macdonald malaria transmission model. Model analyses suggested that introduction of domestic animals easily fed upon by mosquitoes increases mosquito density and, in some situations, frequency of mosquito bites on man and the infection rate of malaria through increased success of blood-feeding. Extinction of malaria was predicted only when an extremely large number of easily accessible (as compared to man) domestic animals are introduced. Limitations in the concept of zooprophylaxis and problems of livestock management in malaria control are discussed.

Animals↗