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Biomedical subjects

T Sone

Publications and source records attributed to T Sone.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Main household occupation and mean birth weight in Japan 1984].

By using the 1984 vital statistics released on magnet tapes by the Japanese government, we observed in the present study how the mean birth weight (MBW) varies from one group of mothers who fall under the same category of "main household job" to another. In so doing, we compared the MBWs among different job categories in terms of mother's age, baby's sex, and parity. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1) The MBW of primiparae and male babies was found to be significantly different among the job categories in the age range of 20-39. In the group of multiparae and male babies, however, all the age ranges older that twenty showed significant differences in the MBW among the job categories. In the group of female babies, the significant difference was found in the age range of 20-39 and all the ranges older than twenty for primiparae and multiparae, respectively. 2) The above results were considered to be caused mainly by the low MBW in the category of "other" for primiparae, and by the high MBW in "part-time farming" and the low MBW in "other" for multiparae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of a purified dog hepatic microsomal N,O-acyltransferase.

Dog liver microsomes have at least three different enzymes that are capable of the deacylation of amides, N-arylhydroxamic acids and carboxylesters, the acyltransfer of N-arylhydroxamic acids and the N-acetylation of arylamines. As judged by SDS-PAGE stained with silver nitrate, one of these enzymes was purified to homogeneity by sequential treatment with Triton X-100, ion-exchange column chromatography, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. The protein was a glycoprotein trimer with a subunit weight of approximately 60 kDa. It showed microheterogeneity on analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide with pls of 5.4-5.6. Following digestion with endoglycosidase H, its subunit weight was reduced to approximately 58 kDa, and it appeared to be homogeneous on IEF with a pl of approximately 5.6. A monoclonal antibody prepared against this enzyme also reacted with the pl 6.0 carboxylesterase of rat liver microsomes, but did not react with the other two dog hepatic acyltransferases. Conversely, a polyclonal antibody raised against the rat esterase reacted with the dog enzyme. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was Y-P-S-L-P-P-V-V-D-T-V-Q-G-K-V-, which was homologous to the form 1 carboxylesterase of rabbit liver and the pl 6.0 carboxylesterase of rat liver. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the presence of this enzyme in the epithelium of dog liver and urinary bladder, human liver and rat liver, esophagus, forestomach, glandular stomach, small and large intestines, renal tubules, trachea and prostate and alveolar cells of lung. Since this enzyme is present in the urothelium, it may be important for the activation of urinary metabolites of carcinogenic arylamines for the initiation of bladder carcinogenesis in the dog.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1994

A case of fulminant myocarditis rescued--by long-term percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.

We report the case of a 41-year-old man with acute fulminant myocarditis. The patient went into cardiac standstill immediately after admission and was placed on a percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system. The system remained in place for 302 h, after which the patient recovered from cardiogenic shock without complications and has returned to normal life.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of the trends of mean birth weight at an obstetric facility in Osaka during the past 30 years (1962-1991)].

Annual trends of mean birth weight (MBW) at an obstetric facility in the city of Osaka were examined, based on the data in the delivery records for 30 years from January 1962 through December 1991. MBW at this facility had been decreasing during the years of 1975-1985, after being adjusted for parity (primipara/multipara) and the infants' sex. In addition, annual trends of the rate of intrauterine growth and mean gestational period, which are considered to be the two major processes to governing birth weight, were retarded or shortened during almost the same time. Among some possible factors with causal impacts on birth weight, the advance in maternal age, the lowered parity, and the increase in premature delivery may explain these findings. Additionally, it was suggested that the change of socio-economical environment, including the lifestyle of women, may have did not agree with the decreasing trends of MBW.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of the seasonal variations in mean birth weight and mean gestational period of 47 prefectures in Japan].

Seasonal variations of the mean gestational period (MGP) and mean birth weight (MBW) are examined by the traditional method of time-series analysis during the period from 1979 to 1983 in Japan. The results of the present study support the existence of a seasonal rhythm of MGP. Generally MGP showed a deep trough in winter and a shallow one in summer to early autumn. This pattern was similar to that of MBW. The two time series showed a statistically significant coincidence in their monthly fluctuations, and a statistically significant correlation was also observed for their amplitude. According to these results, we concluded that the seasonality in MGP plays an important role in creating the seasonality in MBW. However, the seasonality in MGP can not be the only definitive factor that totally regulates the seasonal variations in MBW. The relationship between the two time series is considered to be different among different seasons as well as regions. For example, we observed a decrease of the seasonal index in winter in the same month for both MBW and MGP, but not necessarily in summer. This suggests that the etiology of the decrease in seasonal variations is different between summer and winter.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of right ventricular infarction by overlap images of simultaneous dual emission computed tomography using technetium-99m pyrophosphate and thallium-201.

The validity of dual energy single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PPi) and thallium-201 for the diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) infarction, and the clinical features of RV infarction, were investigated in 190 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diagnosis of RV infarction was performed by Tc-99m PPi accumulation in the RV myocardium on thallium-201 and Tc-99m PPi over-lay images at the dual SPECT with simultaneous imaging taken 2 to 9 days after the onset of myocardial infarction. Thirty RV infarctions were found among the 190 patients with left ventricular infarction (15.8%): 29 (97%) in association with the inferior and 1 (3%) with the lateral infarction. Tc-99m PPi accumulation was mostly observed in the posterior wall of the right ventricle. A total occlusion or a severe stenosis of the right coronary artery was demonstrated angiographically in 92% of the patients with RV infarction. The prevalence of RV infarctions was significantly lower in patients who achieved successful early reperfusion than in those who did not (26.7 vs 68.4%, respectively, p < 0.01). However, a successful early reperfusion therapy could not significantly decrease the rate of RV involvement in patients without significant collateral flow (p < 0.01). Thus, dual isotope SPECT with Tc-99m PPi and thallium-201 can be used as a reliable method for the diagnosis of RV infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effects of intravenous SM-9527 (double-chain tissue plasminogen activator) on left ventricular function in the chronic stage of acute myocardial infarction.

Clinical effects of thrombolytic agent SM-9527 (double-chain tissue plasminogen activator) on left ventricular (LV) function were assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A dose of 30 x 10(6) IU SM-9527 was given intravenously to patients with AMI within 6 h after onset. Of 159 candidates, 20 were excluded from the trial due to diseases other than myocardial infarction or failure to meet the protocol requirements; 114 of the remaining 139 were subjected to LV function analysis. The following results were obtained: (1) Patients with successful reperfusion in response to SM-9527 in the acute stage without later reocclusion revealed a significant improvement of LV function in the chronic stage. (2) Adverse effects were noted in 15 patients (10.8%), but none were serious; all were bleeding related to catheterization. (3) Hemagglutination fibrinolysis system test revealed no problems. It is concluded that early thrombolytic therapy with intravenous SM-9527 for AMI provides significant improvement of LV function in the chronic stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ling Zhi-8: a novel T cell mitogen induces cytokine production and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression.

Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) is a protein purified from Ganoderma lucidium, a Chinese medicinal fungus thought to possess potent effects on the immune system. When examined for its effects on lymphocytes, LZ-8 exhibited potent mitogenic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), inducing a bell-shaped dose-response curve similar to that caused by PHA and other lectin mitogens. Fractionation experiments indicated that the proliferative response in the PBL cultures was primarily due to T cells, but was monocyte dependent. Stimulation of PBL with LZ-8 resulted in the production of IL-2 and a corresponding upregulation of IL-2 receptor expression. In addition to T cell proliferation, microscopic examination of LZ-8-stimulated PBL revealed that LZ-8 induced cellular aggregate formation. The aggregate formation correlated with a dramatic rise in ICAM-1 expression and an increased production of IFN-gamma, TNF alpha, and IL-1 beta, molecules associated with regulation of ICAM-1 expression. Both the aggregate formation and the proliferative effects of LZ-8 were blocked by addition of monoclonal antibody to either CD18 or CD11a, the counterreceptor complex components for ICAM-1. Furthermore, addition of neutralizing antibodies to both IL-2 receptor and TNF alpha blocked aggregate formation, cellular proliferation, and ICAM-1 expression. These findings demonstrate that LZ-8 is a potent T cell activator, mediating its effects via cytokine regulation of integrin expression.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

Adaptive feedback cancellation with frequency compression for hearing aids.

The use of an adaptive feedback canceler (AFC) for howling suppression in hearing aids seems very attractive since it is not only unaffected by the changes in the operating environment, but it also limits signal degradation due to the feedback signal. This, however, requires a reference signal which is correlated with the feedback signal but not with the input signal. In hearing aids, such a signal is hard to obtain. The output signal could be used as reference if its correlation with the input signal could sufficiently be removed. If the reference signal is correlated with the input signal, the input signal will also be canceled by the AFC. Here, the use of a frequency compressor as a decorrelator is proposed. The performance of this system is then investigated via digital simulation. Results indicated that with the use of the proposed system and the proper choice of system parameters, an increase of about 18 dB in the howling margin could be achieved with minimal deterioration in output signal quality.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1993

Positive regulation of the vitamin D receptor by its cognate ligand in heterologous expression systems.

Hormonal vitamin D3 is a major regulator of calcium metabolism and is involved in basic cellular processes, such as those of proliferation and differentiation. These actions are mediated via an intracellular vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), which is a member of the evergrowing steroid hormone receptor superfamily. The interaction between the vitamin D3 ligand and its receptor is thought to be through a classic steroid hormone mechanism. It is notable, however, that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] has also been documented as an agent that directly up-regulates endogenous VDR in both intact animals and cultured cells. In this report, we confirm that the levels of recombinantly expressed VDR produced in transiently transfected COS-1 cells also increase several-fold when the cells are treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. Additionally, we show that a similar pattern is exhibited in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. This indicates that the mechanism for VDR up-regulation is conserved in both yeast and mammalian cells. Our results show that up-regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 is specific to the VDR, and that 1,25-(OH)2D3 does not affect other expressed receptor proteins, such as those for estrogen and progesterone. Finally, we demonstrate that the mechanism of up-regulation apparently occurs at the level of the protein and is most likely due to altered stability of the occupied receptor. Our observations lead us to propose that in addition to the classically viewed role of hormone in receptor activation, 1,25-(OH)2D3 may serve to amplify signal response via homologous up-regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Digit preference in birth weight data of obstetric facilities].

An investigation on instrumentation of birth weight in obstetric facilities was made in the northern part of Fukuoka Prefecture from March 1989 to January 1991. A distribution of 3000 cases from 100 facilities was analyzed for the purpose of clarifying the reliability of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) Birth weights measured by analogue scales (1530 cases) showed digit preference in all distributions of the whole, the lower three digits and the lower two digits. But those measured by digital scales (1470 cases) did not show any distortion in these three distributions. 2) There were significant differences among mean birth weights calculated from the intact data, and 50g-, 100g- and 500g-interval frequency histograms in analogue scales (p < 0.01). But in digital scales there were no significant differences among mean birth weights. Rounding error was supposed to be one of the main causes of this discrepancy. Digital scales are superior to other types of scales because they do not show distribution distortion of the data. The reliability of the birth weight data is different among the types of scales. We have to consider which type of scale is used when we refer to annual changes or differences among areas in mean birth weights.

Biometry↗
PubMed1993

[Secular changes of the mean birth weight in Japan during the past 20 years (single births, 1969-88)].

Using vital statistics (1981-1988) of the Japanese government, the mean birth weight (MBW) classified by sex was calculated from a birth weight distribution of the single births with 500g intervals for all Japan, prefectures and regions. These MBWs were linked with the MBW of 1969-1980 in our previous reports (Ref. 1) 2)). The MBWs of single births for twenty years (1969-1988) were investigated and it was pointed out that the MBWs classified by area (all Japan, prefectures and regions) were on the decrease recently and that the areal differences of the MBW were becoming large. For all Japan a secular change in the MBW was discussed for the term of a standard deviation, a skewness, a kurtosis, and relative frequencies of less than 2500g (weight class 1), those from 2500g to 3999g (weight class 2) and those of 4000g or more (weight class 3). These investigations revealed that birth weights of Japan have had a tendency to have a small standard deviation, a negative skewness, and a large kurtosis. Weight class 1 decreased until 1976 and increased after this year. Weight class 2 was on the increase up to 1988, and weight class 3 increased until 1973 and decreased afterward, as if it were accompanied by the MBW. For the purpose of confirming the contribution of each weight class to the annual change of the MBW, an analytical method for the weight frequency distribution was proposed as follows. Let M, M', pi and pi' represent the MBW of a given year (year A), the MBW of an another year (year B), the relative frequency of the i-th weight class in year A and that in year B, respectively. Suppose that M(i)'' represents the MBW when only the i-th weight class has pi as a relative frequency even in year B. Then, as the result of a fairly simple calculation, the difference between the MBW in year A and that in year B, M'-M, is obtained as follows; M'-M = sigma (1-pi') (M'-M(i)''). Therefore, the amount (1-pi') (M'-M(i)'') is able to be considered as a share of the i-th weight class in relation to the difference of M'-M. Accordingly, the share proportioned to the summation of the absolute amount [formula: see text] may represent the degree of the contribution of the i-th weight class to the difference, M'-M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

[Correction of the mean birth weight calculated from a frequency distribution (Japan, single births, 1969-88)].

Recently the mean birth weight (MBW) of Japan is on the decrease. This phenomenon started in 1976 and continues up to the present as of 1988. Various factors accounting for this phenomenon have been considered and discussed by several researchers. They were interested in social, cultural and economic factors as well as factors influencing community health status. Although the above factors seem to be important, one problem connected with calculation of MBW is worth discussing. The MBW was calculated from a frequency distribution because of a limitation of the source material. The accuracy of calculation of statistics from a frequency distribution depends on the assumption that few frequencies fall on boundaries, but birth weight measurements are apt to fall on figures having 0 at the end because of the properties of weighing scales. Suppose that the exact weight of an infant is 2996g. If his weight is read to the nearest figure having 0 at the end by rounding, it is recorded as 3000g on the birth certificate. Then, in a frequency distribution whose class interval is 500g, his weight is treated as 3250g in calculation of the mean. But some improvements of the methods of weighing, for example, utilization of a scale displaying a digital value of weight may result in a greater chance that his weight is recorded as 2996g. Then, in the same frequency distribution, his weight is treated as 2750g in calculation of the mean. Therefore, an improvement of the method of weighing produces the phenomenon that MBW decreases even if all the original birth weights did not change. Exact relative frequency, recorded as just 2500g, that is mentioned secondarily in the Vital Statistics of Japan has been decreasing consistently since 1969. This year is the oldest in the above source having frequency distributions of single birth infants. This fact shows that methods of weighing have been improved as the years pass. In this paper we tried to correct MBW by using the relative frequency recorded as exactly 2500g. Two kinds of widths where rounding would be executed were estimated from a frequency polygon. We obtained the following results. 1) The correction equation is represented as ld approximately; where l is a class interval (500g in this paper) and d is calculated by d = Q/(pa + pa+1 + Z) as a mean value in a certain sense and by d = 2Q/(pa + pa+1 + Z) as a maximum value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of geographical differences in the seasonal variation of mean birth weight in Japan (1974-1983)].

Geographical differences in the seasonal variation in mean birth weight (MBW) were examined by a traditional time series analysis based on the birth data of 47 different prefectures in Japan for the period from January 1974 to December 1983. The general pattern on the seasonality in MBW has two peaks in spring and autumn, and two troughs in summer and winter. There is a general trend in the seasonality with the autumn-peak-dominant pattern observed in the northern part of Japan (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kita-Kanto) giving way to the spring-peak-dominant pattern in the southwest. Another interesting finding is that there is high statistical significance as a general tendency, in the seasonality among immensely populated prefectures such as Tokyo, Kanagawa, Aichi, Osaka, and Fukuoka, while in the case of scarcely populated rural prefectures, the time series fluctuates almost randomly. Some socio-cultural and biometerological hypotheses were evaluated to explain these results.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Host species-specific repetitive DNA sequence in the genome of Magnaporthe grisea, the rice blast fungus.

We cloned a repetitive sequence to show RFLPs in the genome of Magnaporthe grisea, a fungal pathogen responsible for rice blast. As the sequence was 0.8 kb in length and dispersed in the genome, it was named MGSR1 (for Magnaporthe grisea short repeat 1). MGSR1 was conserved highly in the genome of rice pathogens, but poorly in the genome of pathogens of grasses other than rice. And the RFLPs, displayed with the sequence, could distinguish between clonal lineages in rice-pathogenic isolates. The nucleotide sequence showed the presence of an internal promoter of RNA polymerase III, a 3'-poly(T), and an 8-bp direct repeat in it.

Ascomycota↗