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Biomedical subjects

T Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to T Solomon.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of secretin on growth of stomach, small intestine, and pancreas of developing rats.

Secretin is present in the intestine of a number of developing species, and plasma secretin levels are elevated in newborn pigs and humans. Secretin stimulates the growth and affects the enzymatic composition of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas in adult rats. This suggests a possible role for secretin in the rapid postnatal growth of these organs. We investigated this hypothesis by injecting rats subcutaneously with secretin (100 micrograms/kg) every 12 hr for seven days beginning on postnatal day 3, 6, 13, or 24. Growth parameters (weight, content of protein, DNA) as well as the composition of organ-specific enzymes of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas were measured. Secretin increased growth parameters of the stomach and small intestine in a similar pattern, and in a quantitatively different fashion from that observed in the pancreas. Secretin's effects were also dependent on postnatal age for all organs studied. These data demonstrate that secretin can influence organ growth and enzyme composition of the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas of developing rats and may be one factor regulating growth and development of these organs.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Glucagon inhibition of cerulein-induced hypertrophy of the exocrine pancreas.

Glucagon is structurally related to secretin but inhibits the effects of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic secretion in vivo. Because secretin is a weak stimulant of pancreatic growth and potentiates the trophic effects of CCK, we hypothesized that glucagon might inhibit CCK-induced pancreatic growth. Four groups of 10 rats were injected with saline, glucagon (30 micrograms/kg, equimolar to a known trophic dose of secretin), cerulein (0.67 microgram/kg), or glucagon plus cerulein every 8 h for 5 days. The pancreas was excised, weighed, and assayed for total content of DNA, protein, amylase, chymotrypsinogen, and lipase. In control and glucagon-alone groups, the small intestine was also removed, weighed, and assayed for DNA, protein, and disaccharidase content. Glucagon alone decreased pancreatic DNA and increased lipase content. Compared with cerulein-treated animals, animals treated with glucagon and cerulein showed significant decreases in pancreatic weight and content of protein, amylase, and chymotrypsinogen. Although glucagon had significant effects on intestinal protein, maltase, and sucrase contents in certain segments, there was no clear pattern of response. The data suggest that glucagon may be an inhibitory regulator of pancreatic growth, acting to block the effects of CCK on pancreatic hypertrophy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous celiprolol and propranolol in patients with suspected coronary disease.

The acute hemodynamic effects of intravenously administered celiprolol and propranolol were compared in 18 patients, 12 with coronary obstruction in the presence or absence of reduced LV function and six with no significant cardiac disease. The study was performed using a single blind, randomized design with celiprolol (0.07 and 0.14 mg/kg) and propranolol (0.07 mg/kg) in six patients per treatment group. The hemodynamic parameters obtained via right and left heart catheterization were measured at baseline and at 5 and 10 min after drug infusion (1.0 mg/min). Propranolol produced a significant fall in left ventricular Vmax, left ventricular dP/dt and cardiac output. In contrast, celiprolol either caused no change or significantly increased these parameters. These results indicate that celiprolol has an acute hemodynamic profile which differs significantly from that of propranolol.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chronic effects of caerulein and secretin on the endocrine pancreas of the rat.

Secretin and caerulein increase pancreatic somatostatin content when administered chronically to rats. We examined whether this change occurs in vitro and results in altered islet hormone secretion. Pancreatic somatostatin content was increased from 0.25 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- SE) to 0.41 +/- 0.03 nmol/pancreas (P less than 0.001, n = 8) in rats treated for 10 days with caerulein (1 microgram/kg) and secretin (100 micrograms/kg) every 8 h. Somatostatin content in isolated rat pancreatic islets cultured for 10 days in medium containing caerulein and secretin (10(-9) M) was also increased (2.5 +/- 1.0 to 3.6 +/- 1.3 fmol/islet, P less than 0.02, n = 7), although islet DNA content was unchanged. Small increases in glucagon content were observed in both systems, but insulin content was not changed. Isolated perfused pancreases from peptide-treated rats and islets cultured in medium containing the two peptides exhibited significantly greater somatostatin responses to 5 mM glucose and 20 mM theophylline. Insulin responses to glucose and theophylline stimulation were not altered, although basal accumulation of insulin was greater in islet cultures with added caerulein and secretin. These results suggest that caerulein and secretin have direct actions on islet hormone synthesis with effects on hormone responses to stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effect of chronic pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin on pancreas of rats.

Pentagastrin (1.5 mg/kg), 20% pure natural cholecystokinin (CCK, 37.5 Ivy dog U/kg) or secretin (25 microgram/kg) was given in a depot carrier subcutaneously to rats 3 times daily for 15 days. The dose of CCK and secretin was submaximal for pancreatic secretion, whereas the dose of pentagastrin was supramaximal for gastric acid secretion. The pancreatic wet weight increased by 12% (P less than 0.01) in the rats treated with pentagastrin, 57% (P less than 0.001) in those treated with CCK, and 9% (P less than 0.01) in those treated with secretin. In CCK-treated rats, the maximal protein and bicarbonate outputs in response to cholecystokinin increased proportionately to the increase in pancreatic weight, but maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to secretin were unaltered. The secretin-treated rats showed a lowered basal secretion of bicarbonate and a lowered sensitivity to secretin stimulation, but the maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs to secretin and CCK were unchanged. Treatment with pentagastrin produced no significant changes in pancreatic responses to secretin or CCK. We conclude that 1) the increase in pancreatic weight produced by repeated injections of cholecystokinin was accompanied by proportional increase in functional capacity as reflected by the increased maximal bicarbonate and protein outputs in response to cholecystokinin, and 2) repeated administration of secretin decreased the sensitivity of the pancreas to secretin without altering maximal bicarbonate response.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of intramuscular and intravenous quinine for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria in children.

To compare the efficacy and side effects of intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) quinine, children in Mozambique with severe and complicated malaria between 6 months and 7 years were randomized to treatment with i.m. or i.v. quinine, both in a dosage of quinine dihydrochloride 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 8 h. Of 57 children treated with i.m. quinine, 4 died, 3 had neurological sequelae and 2 had sterile intramuscular abscesses. Of 47 children treated with i.v. quinine, 6 died and 1 had neurological sequelae. The mean parasite clearance time was 58.6 h in the i.m. group and 59.3 h in the i.v. group. Mean temperature clearance times were 56.1 and 51.8 h, and mean coma clearance times 40.4 and 38.7 h, respectively. None of these differences was statistically significant. Mean trough and peak concentrations of quinine were almost identical in the 2 groups, ranging from 10.5 to 12.6 mg/L, which is in the therapeutic non-toxic range. It is concluded that i.m. quinine is as effective as quinine by i.v. infusion in children with severe and complicated malaria; that minor local side effects can probably be avoided by using diluted quinine for i.m. injection; and that the optimal dose regimen for children with severe and complicated malaria in Africa at present is probably quinine salt 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short courses of ofloxacin for the treatment of enteric fever.

Typhoid fever continues to be a major public health problem in tropical countries, exacerbated in recent years by the spread of multi-drug resistant strains of Salmonella typhi. Short treatment courses of fluoroquinolones are effective, and have the advantage of reduced cost and increased compliance, but the optimal length of treatment is unknown. In an open, randomized comparison, 107 adults with uncomplicated enteric fever (95 of whom had positive blood cultures for S. typhi and 5 for S. paratyphi) were treated with oral ofloxacin, 15 mg/kg/d for 2 d or 10 mg/kg/d for 3 d. Mean fever clearance times were the same in the 2 treatment groups (97 h). There were 7 treatment failures, one in the 2 d group and 6 in the 3 d group (P = 0.07). Three of the 5 patients infected with nalidixic acid resistant strains of S. typhi had treatment failures, compared with 4 of 90 with nalidixic acid sensitive isolates (P < 0.0001; relative risk 13.5, 95% confidence interval 4.1-43%). Treatment with ofloxacin for 2 or 3 d is equally effective in adults with uncomplicated enteric fever caused by nalidixic acid sensitive strains of S. typhi. The epidemiology and management of nalidixic acid resistent typhoid needs further investigation.

Adult↗