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Biomedical subjects

T Sobue

Publications and source records attributed to T Sobue.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evaluation of cancer prevention strategies by computerized simulation model: an approach to lung cancer.

A computerized simulation model was developed to evaluate the potential impact of primary and secondary prevention on lung cancer mortality in Japan. The natural history of lung cancer was modeled as a Markovian stochastic process from cancer-free to preclinical, clinical, and finally to terminal states. The increase in mortality rate of lung cancer among males aged 75 to 79 years has been the major force of increase in the total number of lung cancer deaths in Japan. The simulation showed that this tendency would continue until the late 1990s, presumably due to the increase in the proportion of ever-smokers in that cohort, who started smoking at an earlier age than did prior generations. It was shown that the number of lung cancer deaths can be reduced either by smoking cessation or screening programs, and that the reduction is proportional to the increase in the annual smoking-cessation rate and to the annual increment in the screening rate. However, only two to three percent reduction of lung cancer deaths in the year 2001 can be expected when the annual smoking-cessation rate is raised from the current value of 0.46 percent to five percent during the period from 1991 to 2000 or when the screening rate is increased by three percent annually for the same period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic factors for surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma patients, with special reference to smoking habit.

Prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma patients who had been treated surgically at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, in 1978-87 (N = 267) were analyzed in terms of year of operation, sex, age at operation, postsurgical stage, grade of differentiation, and smoking habit. Survival was improved for later year of operation (1983-87), younger age at operation, stage I or II, well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and nonsmoking status in univariate analysis. A proportional hazards model including the above variables showed that stage III and stage IV patients had 4.06 and 8.81 times higher risk of death compared to stage I and II patients. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed 2.01 times higher risk of death than well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Earlier year of operation and female status showed 1.70 and 1.82 times higher risk of death, respectively, as compared to each reference group. All these hazard ratios showed statistical significance. Current smokers who smoked 1,000 or more on the cigarette index showed 2.38 times higher risk of death than nonsmokers with statistical significance. This indicates that smoking is another independent prognostic factor for patients who undergo operations for adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Sensitivity and specificity of lung cancer screening in Osaka, Japan.

Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated for lung cancer screening conducted at 8 municipalities in Osaka Prefecture during 1981-1985. As a screening policy, all attendants were examined by miniature chest X-ray, and the high-risk group, defined as those who smoked cigarettes or had bloody sputum, were also examined by 3-day pooled sputum cytology. A total of 33,599 screening tests for 19,028 people who were 40 years old or more at the time of screening were conducted, resulting in 33,490 miniature chest X-ray examinations for 18,992 people and 11,420 sputum cytologies for 7,070 people. As a result, 43 lung cancer cases were detected. All test-negatives were followed by means of record linkage with the files of the Osaka Cancer Registry up to the end of 1986. There were 24 cases who were diagnosed as having lung cancer without having given a positive screening result in 1981-1986. Assuming the preclinical detectable phase of lung cancer to be one year uniformly, the sensitivity and specificity for the lung cancer screening were estimated to be 71.6% and 95.3%, respectively. The feasibility of increasing the sensitivity is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lung cancer risk among exsmokers.

Lung cancer risk among exsmokers according to years since cessation of smoking was assessed by means of a case-control study. The case series consisted of 1,052 lung cancer patients who were newly diagnosed and admitted to eight hospitals in Osaka in 1986-88. Smoking histories were compared with those of 1,111 controls admitted to the same hospitals during the same period without any diagnosis of smoking-related disease. The odds ratio of lung cancer for exsmokers compared to current smokers was estimated to be 0.90, 0.50, 0.51, 0.59, 0.48 and 0.29, for 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24 and greater than or equal to 25 years after cessation of smoking, respectively. Risk reduction appeared to be greater for those who smoked less than the 1200 cigarette index, compared to those who smoked more. In classification according to histologic type, small cell and large cell carcinoma showed a rapid decrease compared to adenocarcinoma, while squamous cell carcinoma showed an intermediate pattern. Quantitative estimates for reduction of lung cancer risk among exsmokers can be used for projecting lung cancer incidence in the future, by assuming future trends of smoking prevalence, as well as for health education among individual smokers.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of uptake of technetium-99m(Sn)-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan by hepatocellular carcinoma to prognosis.

The relationship of technetium-99m(Sn)-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (99mTc-PMT) uptake by hepatic tumors to survival was studied in 162 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The median survival of 82 patients in whom hepatic tumors showed increased uptake in delayed 99mTc-PMT imaging was 1013 days, which was significantly longer than the survival time of 398.5 days of 80 patients in whom hepatic tumors did not show increased uptake of radioactivity (p less than 0.002). The relationship between the ability of hepatic tumors to take up 99mTc-PMT and survival was also analyzed in patients with HCC showing filling defects in 99mTc-colloid liver images and, in relation to the therapy, serum values of bilirubin and alpha-fetoprotein. Results indicated that the degree of 99mTc-PMT uptake by hepatic tumors is closely correlated with the prognosis of patients with HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A case-control study of hepatocellular carcinoma in Osaka, Japan.

A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the roles of hepatitis B virus (HBV), blood transfusion, alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Osaka, Japan. A total of 229 cases and 266 hospital controls were included in our study. The relative risks of HCC obtained after adjustment for age, sex and other important variables were 14.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.7-36.3) for HBsAg positives, 4.3 (95% CI: 1.9-9.6) for blood recipients and 3.2 (95% CI: 2.0-5.1) for heavy drinkers. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between the risk of HCC and total alcohol consumption. The overall risk for HCC was also significantly elevated among smokers; however, there was no consistent dose-response relationship between the risk and cigarette consumption. We conclude that HBV, blood transfusion and excessive alcohol drinking play important roles in the etiology of HCC in Osaka, Japan. Further investigation is needed to clarify the possible etiological role of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Association of adenocarcinoma of the lung with cigarette smoking by grade of differentiation and subtype.

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in order to evaluate the risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung associated with cigarette smoking according to grade of differentiation and subtype. The cases studied were 238 patients with adenocarcinomas of the lung (158 males and 80 females) that were surgically resected at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. For each case, 2 controls were chosen at the same hospital from outpatients who had not been diagnosed as having smoking-related diseases, matched by sex, age, and year of first visit. When the male cases with adenocarcinoma were classified according to the grade of differentiation, the odds ratios (ORs) associated with exsmokers and current smokers were: 1.0, 2.1 for well-differentiated; 4.1, 7.7 for moderately differentiated; and 8.5, 7.9 for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The OR associated with current smokers for poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma combined was significantly higher than that for well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Approximately the same pattern of ORs was observed in females. For poorly and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, a significant dose-response relationship was observed in males. Comparison between the ORs for papillary type and tubular type showed no difference.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Association of indoor air pollution and lifestyle with lung cancer in Osaka, Japan.

A hospital-based case-control study among non-smoking women was conducted to clarify risk factors in non-smoking females in Japan. Cases consisted of 144 non-smoking female lung cancer patients, and these were compared to 713 non-smoking female controls. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for use of wood or straw as cooking fuels when subjects were 30 years old was estimated as 1.77 (1.08 to 2.91). For those whose household members, other than husbands, had smoked, the odds ratio was estimated as 1.50 (1.01 to 2.32). For those whose mothers had smoked, the odds ratio was estimated as 1.28 (0.71 to 2.31). Use of heating appliances did not show an elevated risk. Some points to be noted in the study of low-risk agents for lung cancer are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Population-based case-control study on cancer screening.

Matched case-control studies have recently been used to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer screening. They enable us to estimate the odds ratios of dying of cancer or of getting invasive cancer. The study compares people with various patterns of screening history with those who were not screened. Criteria for eligible cases, controls, and screening histories that are compared as exposures are discussed. The results from a case-control study for evaluating screening for cervical cancer are shown as an example. Also, a study design of a case-control study for evaluating lung cancer screening in Japan is discussed, along with biases and applications of case-control studies in evaluating cancer screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Association of indoor air pollution and passive smoking with lung cancer in Osaka, Japan].

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at 8 hospitals in Osaka in order to clarify risk factors among non-smoking women. A total of 129 lung cancer cases and 519 controls were investigated. An elevated risk was observed for women who had used wood or straw as cooking fuels at 30 years of age. Maternal smoking in childhood also seemed to raise the risk. No elevated risks were observed for husband smoking and use of heating apparatus so far.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between cigarette smoking and histologic type of lung cancer, with special reference to sex difference.

In order to clarify sex differences associated with the relationship between smoking and each histologic type of lung cancer, the smoking histories of 2,083 lung cancer patients (1,660 men and 423 women) diagnosed at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, from 1965 to 1983 were analyzed. The rates expected of smokers among these cases were calculated from the sex and age specific rates of smokers in the general population, reported annually by the Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation. The odds ratios for smoking were estimated to be 5.2, 3.1, 6.9, and 4.1 in men for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, and 7.2, 1.8, 14.4 and 3.8 in women respectively. Significant differences in the odds ratios for each histologic type between men and women were observed only for adenocarcinoma. In squamous cell carcinomas, the odds ratios were estimated by dividing them into two groups according to location. No difference was found between men and women in this respect.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

A case-control study of the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening in Osaka, Japan.

In the small town of Nose in Osaka, Japan, a population-based screening program for cervical cancer by Papanicolaou smear has been conducted since 1965. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of screening in terms of the reduction of the mortality and the incidence of invasive cervical cancer, two types of case-control studies were carried out. In the first study, the case series consisted of all women who died of cervical cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in 1965-1987 (N = 15). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents, matched by year of birth. It showed that the odds ratio (OR) of dying of cervical cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0.22 (95% CI = 0.03-1.95). In the second study, the case series consisted of all women who were diagnosed as having invasive cancer under 80 years of age at the time of diagnosis in the same period (N = 28). For each case, 10 controls were chosen from living residents without invasive cancer, matched by year of birth and according to whether or not they were screened at the year of the diagnosis of the matched case. It showed that the OR of getting invasive cancer for screened versus non-screened women was 0.41 (95%CI = 0.13-1.29). From these results, it was estimated that 78% of cervical cancer mortality and 59% of invasive cervical cancer incidence among non-screened women could be prevented by cervical cancer screening.

Adult↗