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Biomedical subjects

T Smith

Publications and source records attributed to T Smith.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Meningioma with subdural hematoma.

A subfrontal meningioma which presented by development of a subdural hematoma is reported. The tumor was detected by cerebral angiography and radionucleotide flow study and was subtotally excised. The relationship between meningioma and subdural hemorrhage is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Spironolactone in essential hypertension: evidence against its effect through mineralocorticoid antagonism.

The effect of a six-week course of spironolactone 300 mg/day was examined in 25 unselected patients with essential hypertension. In the blood spironolactone produced a significant rise in urea and potassium concentrations and a fall in sodium and bicarbonate concentrations. In six patients blood pressure was normal at the end of the course, while in five patients there was almost no change. Studies of the effects of spironolactone on various indices usually affected by mineralocorticoids-namely, blood electrolytes, total body potassium, and rectal electrical properties-showed no differences between responding and non-responding patients. Mineralocorticoid excess therefore seems to be rarely responsible for essential hypertension and the influence of spironolactone cannot at present be fully explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The use of the Robinson in vitro agar culture assay in adult acute leukemia.

Previous in vitro classification of adult acute leukemia incorporating morphology has been complex and difficult to understand. We have devised a simplified classification based solely on leukemic proliferation in vitro. Forty-four patients with adult acute leukemia previously untreated were included in this study and received identical chemotherapy. Three in vitro groups were recognized. The complete remission rate (CR) was 77% in the 13 patients with no leukemic growth in vitro (Group 1), 81% in 16 patients with leukemic cell growth but aggregated of 20 cells or less (Group 2) and only 27% in the 15 patients with aggregates of greater than 20 (Group 3). There was a highly significant difference in complete remission rates between Group 3 and the other 2 groups (p less than 0.01). Linear logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independence of the in vitro growth from other prognostic variables. The cause of death in failures suggested that this system detects resistance to the chemotherapy. Similar multifactorial analysis including in vitro agar culture may help to predict for chemotherapy response in preleukemia and leukemia with a low blast cell infiltrate when cytotoxic therapy is clinically indicated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

A simplified in vitro classification for prognosis in adult acute leukemia: the application of in vitro results in remission-predictive models.

Previous classification in vitro of adult acute leukemia incorporating morphology has been complex and difficult to understand. We have devised a simplified classification based solely on leuekemic proliferation in vitro. Seventy-six patients with adult acute leukemia previously untreated were included in this study and received identical chemotherapy. Three groups were recognized. The complete remission rate was 76% in the 21 patients with no leukemic growth in vitro (Group 1), 75% in 36 patients with leukemic cell growth but aggregates of 20 cells or less (Group 2), and only 21% in the 15 patients with aggregates of greater than 20 (Group 3). There was a highly significant difference in complete remission rates between Group 3 and the other two groups (p less than 0.001). Linear logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independence of the growth in vitro from other prognostic variables. A predictive model utilizing the in vitro result more accurately predicted for remission, both retrospectively and prospectively, than a model constructed with presently known prognostic parameters. The cause of death in failures suggested that this system detects resistance to the chemotherapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

A minimum age for measles vaccine administration to coloured children.

The antibody response to further-attenuated live virus measles vaccine was assessed in 67 Coloured children between the ages of 6 and 12 months. Children less than 9 months of age were found to have suboptimal seroconversion rates and it is recommended that the routine administration of measles vaccine should be restricted to children over the age of 8 months. High-risk groups and problems of vaccine administration and storage are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1975

Total body potassium and body fat estimation in relationship to height, sex, age, malnutrition and obesity.

1. Total body potassium was estimated by 40-K measurement with a high-sensitivity whole body counter in normal individuals over a wide age range and in patients who were obese or were grossly wasted as a result of various conditions which restricted food intake. 2. Potassal males and females, but when individuals of different age groups were matched for height, a significant fall in total body potassium with increasing age was observed only in males. Total body potassium of females was about 75% that of males of similar height when young, the sex difference decreasing with ageing. In the normal population, total body potassium was significantly correlated with height and with weight; regression equations for various relationships are given. 3. Fat-free mass was estimated from total body potassium, values of 65 and 56 mmol of potassium/kg fat-free mass being used for males and females respectively. Body fat estimated by this method correlated well with skinfold measurements over a wide range of body weight but in malnourished individuals having inadequate food intake there was considerable fat-free mass from total body potassium appear unsatisfactory in malnutrition. Considerable differences between expected and observed values of total body potassium were found in muscular individuals and in normal individuals who were thin but whose body weight was relatively constant. 4. The patients with malnutrition were low both in body fat as estimated by skinfold thcikness and in total body potassium estimated on the basis of height. Plasma potassium was, however, normal and potassium supplements did not increase the total body potassium. 5. Total body potassium of obese individuals was not significantly different from that of normal weight individuals on the basis of height. Total body potassium fell on weight reduction with a very low energy diet of 1260 kJ (300 kcal.) daily but changed little with a 3300 kJ (800 KCAY POTASSIUM WAS BEST PREDICTED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL'S HEIGHT. For those whose body weight was less than expected, the use of weight gave the best prediction but the error was considerable when the weight deviation was large.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

How much light from rectangular scintillation counters?

Theoretical calculations have been made of the efficiency and uniformity of light collection at one end of a large rectangular liquid scintillation counter (80x20x18 cm). Three different arrangements were considered; (1) a system in which all surfaces of the counter other than the collecting surface were transparent to permit total internal reflection, (2) a similar system with a mirror placed close to the end opposite the collecting surface and (3) a system in which external reflectors were placed close to surfaces other than the collecting surface. In all cases, the effects of attenuation of light in the counter medium, inefficient total internal reflection and the reflectivities of external reflectors were considered and illustrated for selected values of these parameters. In an experimental counter of the same dimensions, the amplitude of the spectrum of a collimated 42-K source was used to measure the relative efficiencies of light collection for various reflector arrangements. In general the experimental values agreed with theory and the non-uniformity of response was within the predicted range. It is estimated that about 30% of scintillation light can be collected at one end of such a counter, with a non-uniformity not greater than 10%, if magnesium oxide is used as the external reflector at all other surfaces.

Light↗
PubMed1975

Gonadotrophic stimulation of oestrogen synthesis by cultured immature mouse ovaries.

The amount of oestrogen produced by immature mouse ovaries cultured with purified gonadotrophins was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. Small quantities were released in response to FSH or LH alone, but when both were provided production was greatly enhanced after an initial lag phase of 2-3 days. The lowest concentrations required to produce this synergistic effect were between 0-02 and 0-13 i.u. FSH/ml and between 0-01 and 0-1 i.u. LH/ml. After prolonged exposure to 0-4 i.u. FSH/ml plus 1-0 i.u. LH/ml, oestrogen output continued to rise until, on the ninth day of culture, it reached 2-6-7-3 ng/ovary/day. Pre-treatment with 0-4 i.u. FSH/ml for 3 days enhanced the subsequent response to combined gonadotrophins but the simultaneous presence of FSH and LH was essential for inducing the delayed synergistic effect. Although both gonadotropins also stimulated follicle growth there was no evidence suggesting any simple correlation between that response and oestrogen synthesis. Maximal oestrogen production coincided with very low follicular mitotic activity.

Animals↗