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Biomedical subjects

T Smith

Publications and source records attributed to T Smith.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A structured diagnostic interview for identification of primary alcoholism: a preliminary evaluation.

Forty alcoholic inpatient men were used to evaluate the test-retest reliability and the validity of a new structured diagnostic interview. The Alcohol Research Center (ARC) Intake Interview was constructed from the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) parts I and II and from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule family history section by extracting information on diagnoses most likely to be seen in alcoholic patients and by expanding the data set with questions relevant to alcohol and drug use. The test-retest reliability for patients' primary and secondary diagnoses included a kappa of 1.00 for the comparison of interviewers A and B (100% agreement) and of .76 for interviewers A and C. The validity of ARC Intake Interview patient diagnoses as compared to the SADS demonstrated an overall agreement between 91 and 100%. Reliabilities for labeling of families as positive or negative for specific illness in any first-degree relatives revealed a kappa of 1.00; validities on family diagnoses ranged from 77 to 100%, with the ARC Intake Interview identifying more illness in families than the SADS. Although further evaluation of the ARC Intake Interview is needed, this instrument is recommended to investigators attempting to evaluate the clinical course and treatment needs among alcoholics, especially those patients presenting with multiple diagnoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Blood and protein loss via small-intestinal inflammation induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nearly three-quarters of patients on long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have small-intestinal inflammation, the consequences of which are largely unknown. Two potentially important complications, blood and protein loss from the small intestine, have been studied. 49 patients on NSAIDs underwent study with an indium-111 labelled leucocyte technique which localises and measures intestinal inflammation. 32 patients underwent simultaneous study with technetium-99m labelled red blood cells (RBC), which showed identical sites of localisation to 111In-leucocytes in 19. Intestinal blood loss was measured in 8 patients by use of chromium-51 labelled RBC, and a significant correlation between blood loss and intestinal inflammation was found. Intestinal protein loss was assessed in 9 patients with 51Cr-labelled proteins; patients with NSAID-induced small-intestinal inflammation were found to have a protein-losing enteropathy. These studies show that small intestinal inflammation caused by NSAIDs is associated with blood and protein loss, both of which may contribute to the general ill-health of rheumatic patients.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1987

AIDS: a doctor's duty.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. Value of sensory and motor conduction studies and quantitative electromyography.

Ten patients with wasting of hand muscles and sensory symptoms mainly in the ulnar nerve area were diagnosed as having a thoracic outlet syndrome and were operated on for it. Sensory action potentials (SAPs) from digit 5 were reduced in amplitude in eight patients and those from digit 3 in three patients, and the SAP amplitude ratio between digits 3 and 1 was decreased in five patients. Sensory and motor conduction velocity was normal in all. Quantitative electromyographic studies of ulnar and median innervated small hand muscles revealed changes compatible with chronic partial denervation in most patients. The combined findings of chronic partial denervation of the small hand muscles, decreased SAP amplitude from digit 5 and sometimes also from digit 3, and normal motor and sensory conduction velocity are compatible with a compression of the C-8 and T-1 roots or the lower trunk of the brachial plexus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Radiographic and visual assessment of alveolar pathology of first molars in dry skulls.

There are many reports in the literature relating to the dental pathology of ancient peoples. In most instances only visual observations of alveolar lesions have been made, precluding assessment of covert dental lesions. The present paper was undertaken to compare the incidence of alveolar dental lesions determined by both visual and radiographic methods in a group of Australian aboriginal skulls. First molars of the right side were used for the comparison: approximately ten percent more lesions were found by the radiographic method. The data demonstrated the limitation of either technique alone. The strong association between pulp exposure and furcal, angular, and apical lesions suggests that pulpal lesions provoke periodontal changes that have traditionally been assigned to a gingival etiology. The location of the lesions within the periodontium would appear to be determined by the location of the pulpal pathology and the pathways through dentin between that location and the periodontal ligament.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1987

Dot or pointillistic method for improvement in results of hypertrophic scarring in the argon laser treatment of portwine hemangiomas.

In an attempt to limit scarring, 51 patients have been treated over a period of 2 years with the argon laser in a dot or pointillistic fashion. One- to 2-mm dots are blanched at intervals of 1-2 mm with minimal power, and the interspaces are filled in at 12 weeks. Scar-prone areas of the face such as the upper lip, nasolabial fold, nose, and lower lip have been successfully treated with minimal scarring and good fading. Lesions of the trunk and extremity have also been successfully treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Preliminary report on use of the neodymium-YAG laser in plastic surgery.

Thirty-four patients with 57 cutaneous lesions have been treated with the Nd:YAG laser under an experimental protocol over a year of study. The majority of treatments were done on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Capillary/cavernous hemangiomas of the oral cavity responded well, but hemangiomas of infancy responded poorly. Hypertrophic scars and keloids responded well only in conjunction with steroid treatment. Epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia responded well for 4-5 months and then recurred. Areas with thin skin or mucosa have the potential for full-thickness injury with complications of scar, bony exposure, or septal perforation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Study of three laser systems for treatment of superficial varicosities of the lower extremity.

Three separate laser modalities were investigated in the treatment of superficial varicosities/telangiectasias of the lower extremities. Sixteen patients were treated and followed for 12 months. The superpulse CO2, the pulsed focally specific CO2, and the Nd:YAG laser transmitted through a diffusing sapphire tip were able to produce cosmetically satisfactory permanent obliteration of vessels after a 12-month follow-up interval. These results were a significant improvement over six-month results indicating a long fading time for laser treatment of leg veins.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Animal and human studies of a new 99mTc labelled phosphine-isocyanide complex with possible applications to radionuclide ventriculography.

A new 99mTc-phosphine-isocyanide complex with the general structure [99mTc (DEPE)2(CNR)2]+ has been synthesised and tested in animals and one human. In three animal species (rat, rabbit, dog), the complex is an efficient myocardial imaging agent, while in humans it remains in the blood pool. The complex is 100% protein bound in animals and humans, but whereas in humans it is attached to a 51.5 kdalton protein (probably prealbumin), in rabbits it appears to be bound to a larger macromolecule (M.W. greater than 100 kdalton). The efficiency of the complex for blood pool labelling was tested in a human volunteer and compared with the standard in vivo red cell labelling technique with stannous pyrophosphate. A satisfactory radionuclide angiogram could be performed with less than 370 MBq of the complex. The count rate for the complex (cps/MBq) was 15% higher than that obtained with the labelled red cells and the absence of splenic activity was notable. In humans this complex appears to be an efficient blood pool labelling agent which might be useful for radionuclide ventriculography.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A new method of imaging the right ventricle using peripheral vein infusion of xenon 127.

We report the development of a new method for obtaining right ventriculograms using the peripheral intravenous infusion of a new tracer, 127Xe dissolved in saline. This tracer has a half life of 36 days, emits 172 keV and 203 keV photons, and is completely cleared by the lungs during pulmonary transit. The right ventricle can therefore be imaged free from interfering activity in the systemic circulation. The technique was used in 11 normal subjects and the results compared with those obtained using first pass and gated equilibrium blood pool angiography with 99mTc. Excellent images of the right ventricle were obtained and the tricuspid and pulmonary valve planes could be easily identified. This imaging technique has significant advantages over existing methods for the noninvasive assessment of right ventricular function.

Adult↗