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Biomedical subjects

T Shiota

Publications and source records attributed to T Shiota.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Role of oral administration of 1-hexyl-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) for multimodal treatment of inoperable cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma].

1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) was orally administered at doses of 300-600 mg daily for 7-360 days to 27 inoperable cirrhotics with hepatocellular carcinoma. They were simultaneously treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), and mitomycin C (MMC) injected into the hepatic artery and/or subcutaneous injection of OK-432. Efficient treatment according to the Koyama and Saito (PR and MR) and Karnofsky classification (I -A and I -B) was obtained in 40.7 and 29.6%, respectively, of all the patients; 81.8 and 54.5%, respectively, in the patients treated with TAE and intraarterial MMC injection and 25.0 and 12.5%, respectively, in those given MMC therapy. However, the total doses of HCFU administered (3-216 g) were not related to either efficient or inefficient treatment. Survival rate obtained 1 year following diagnosis of HCC was much better in the patients treated with TAE and/or MMC therapy (greater than 70%) than in those without these treatments (20%). TAE intervals in HCC patients given repeated TAE and intrahepatic MMC injection were slightly prolonged by oral administration of HCFU (more than 12 g). The results suggest that HCFU might be effective for prevention of HCC recurrence following TAE.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Studies on babesia first found in murine in Japan: epidemiology, morphology and experimental infection.

During the period from November 1980 to September 1982, 314 small wild mammals were captured in 5 localities in Japan. Twenty-six out of 86 Apodemus speciosus and one out of 6 A. argenteus both species captured in Shiga Prefecture (35 degrees 02'N, 135 degrees 50'E, 330 m elev .) were positive for babesia. The parasitemia in those animals was generally low. The infection rate did not show any significant difference between sexes of the host or between seasons, whereas it tended to go up with the increase of the body weight of the host. Several developing stages were seen by light microscopic examination such as small to large sizes of ring forms, ameboid forms, dividing forms which finally formed 4 merozoites. The susceptibility of several kinds of experimental and wild animals to this babesia was studied. It was the highest in the nude mouse followed by the golden hamster, mongolian gerbil, mouse and rat. Furthermore, Microtus montebelli , A. speciosus , Clethrionomys rufocanus , Japanese monkey (splenectomized) and crab-eating monkey (splenectomized) became positive for babesial infection after experimental inoculation. The intensities of infection in those animals were generally very low although the infection continued for as long as two months. The Japanese monkey, crab-eating monkey, dog, cat and Eothenomys smithi (all without splenectomy), and Guinea pig and rabbit (both with and without splenectomy) were negative for babesia after being infected in the same manner. This is the first report of murine babesia in Japan. Although this babesia is not different from Babesia microti as far as the present examination shows, we intend to give a specific name to this parasite when the experiment on vector is completed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Alterations in neutral amino acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in hepatic failure.

The accelerated transport of the blood neutral amino acids into the brain in encephalopathic patients with fulminant hepatitis and advanced liver cirrhosis was demonstrated not only by determining the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aminogram but also by calculating the predicted velocity of the amino acid transport through the blood-brain barrier. Significant elevation in CSF aromatic amino acid (AAA) and methionine levels was observed in the encephalopathic patients. Arousal from hepatic encephalopathy by drip infusion of a branched chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution was obtained coincidentally with the elevated BCAA levels and diminished concentrations of AAA and methionine in CSF. These clinical observations were confirmed experimentally in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and D-galactosamine by obtaining the elevation of neutral amino acid contents in the brain and the slight increase in the brain uptake index (BUI) of a radiolabeled amino acid.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity and calculated amount of brain dopa synthesized in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.

Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the corpus striatum was measured in a large dose of carbon tetrachloride (CC14)-intoxicated rats in order to confirm whether brain catecholamine contents decrease in acute hepatic failure or not. Theoretical amounts of dopa synthesized in the brain of the treated animals were calculated according to an equation of enzyme kinetics. Tyrosine hydroxylase activities in CCl4-injured rats were similar to those in control rats, and calculated amounts of brain dopa in liver-injured rats were rather higher as compared to those in untreated animals.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

An improved method for measuring aggregation of certain streptococcal bacteria found in dental plaque.

Various cells were incubated with either dextran or sucrose and the reaction was terminated by the addition of a 20 per cent solution of formaldehyde. A reaction mixture consisting of cells and aggregated cells was applied to a step-gradient glycerol column (0-60 per cent) and 0.5 ml fractions were collected from the bottom of the column. Non-aggregated cells remained in the top layer of the column. Aggregated cells settled in the 30 per cent glycerol layer as determined by either spectrophotometric or radioactive methods. The amount of aggregated cells demonstrated in this layer increased with either incubation time or concentration of sucrose, dextran or cells. Cells of Strep, mutans strains 6715, AHT, 10449, OMZ-176, OMZ-175 and two mutants of Strep. mutans strain 6715 (designated C4 and C307) aggregated strongly. Cells of Strep. mutans strain LM7 aggregated weakly, whereas cells of Strep. mutans 6715 mutant UAB165, a mutant defective in aggregation. Strep. mutans strain BHT, Strep. salivarius and Strep. sanguis did not aggregate in the presence of either sucrose or dextran. Experiments testing co-aggregation between two different types of cells were done by using 3H-labelled and 14C-labelled cells. Strep. mutans strain 6715 co-aggregated with Strep. sanguis in the presence of sucrose or dextran, whereas Strep. mutans strain 6715 did not aggregate with Strep. salivarius. The method separates aggregated from non-aggregated cells and enables quantitation of sucrose- or dextran-induced aggregation and co-aggregation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1983

Effect of azathioprine and carbon tetrachloride on induction of hyperplastic liver nodule and hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosamine and N-2-fluorenylacetamide in rats.

The enhancing or inhibitory action of the hepatotoxic agents, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and azathioprine (AZP), on the evolution of hyperplastic liver nodule (HN) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)- and N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA)-treated rats (control group) was tested. The area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(gamma-GTP)-positive HN and/or foci in the eighth week was remarkably small in rats fed on a diet containing FAA and AZP (the AZP group), but was quite large in rats fed a diet containing FAA in addition to repeated CCl4 injections (the CCl4 group). HCC was first detected in the 21st week and the incidence of HCC within the 36 weeks of the experiment was very high in the CCl4 group. However, no tumor, including HCC, was detected in the AZP group during this observation period. No essential differences in the biochemical characteristics of HCC between the control group and the CCl4 group were observed with respect to several enzyme activities. The increased activity of liver aniline hydroxylase observed 12 hr after the administration of FAA, AZP, or DEN decreased when AZP was administered simultaneously with FAA to rats treated with DEN in advance. The mechanisms of the enhancing of inhibitory effect observed are discussed with special reference to the drug-drug interactions.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1983

In vitro and in vivo complementation of Streptococcus mutans mutants defective in adherence.

Previous studies have shown that adherence-defective mutants of Streptococcus mutans PS14, serotype c, can be grouped into several different phenotypic groups. In this study a method was developed to test for complementation between pairs of nonadhering mutants which possess different genotypic defects. Mutant strains UAB95 and a spectinomycin-resistant derivative of UAB95 (UAB516) were found to exhibit increased levels of adherence when grown together with UAB230 in media containing sucrose as compared to the adherence of each strain grown separately. An increase in caries was also observed in gnotobiotic rats mixedly infected with the two mutants as compared to either strain alone. Tests revealed that UAB95 produced more water-insoluble glucan than its parent strain but had a defect in glucan binding. UAB230 was found to produce levels of a defective glucan that could not be bound by mutant or wild-type cells. Our results suggest that UAB95 produces a water-insoluble glucan which is bound by UAB230, thus allowing complementation for adherence and caries production.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis.

A new nutritional product (SF-1008C) containing a high proportion of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and low proportion of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and methionine was tested to see its effect on the impaired protein metabolism and abnormal nutritional state frequently observed in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. A sharp increase in plasma BCAA levels and fall of AAA and methionine levels were found following the administration of an SF-1008C-supplemented diet to healthy controls and cirrhotic patients, which the BCAA levels increased only slightly following an isocaloric control diet. Blood ammonia levels increased within the normal range transiently following the diets. The SF-1008C-supplemented diet was given for 2 weeks to cirrhotic patients with histories of hepatic encephalopathy, who were taking a low-protein diet because of hyperammonemia. Serum prealbumin levels, nitrogen balance, molar ratio of plasma BCAA/phenylalanine and tyrosine, the number connection test and electroencephalograms improved during the period of the experimental diet. The results, therefore, indicate that a BCAA-supplemented diet is well tolerated by patients with advanced cirrhosis and useful for treatment of impaired protein metabolism. Furthermore, this product is beneficial in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of continued drinking on prognosis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

The prognoses of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were compared between those who continued to drink and those who stopped. Clinical criteria were strictly set so as to control other variables affecting the prognoses. Four-year survival was significantly higher in the patients who stopped drinking than in those who continued to drink. Continued drinking worsens the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A simple and rapid method for determining blood ammonia levels.

Blood ammonia levels in patients with various liver diseases were determined quantitatively by a simple and rapid method using the Amitest Meter System. The results were compared to those obtained by an enzymatic method and were well correlated. This simple Amitest is also useful in animal experiments, particularly when there is a need to determine blood ammonia levels serially. This paper test was evaluated as being accurate and reliable for clinical and experimental use.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1983

Comparative study of amino acid, ammonia and pancreatic hormone levels in the blood of cirrhotic patients following intragastric and intravenous administration of a branched-chain amino acid-enriched solution.

The blood levels of amino acids, ammonia and pancreatic hormones following the intragastric and intravenous administration of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched solution were comparatively investigated in control subjects and patients with liver cirrhosis. There was no essential difference in the time course of serum amino acid and blood ammonia levels between the intragastric and intravenous infusions. Elevation of serum insulin concentrations in cirrhotic patients was significant only immediately after the administration through the enteral route. However, plasma glucagon levels increased similarly when the BCAA-enriched solution was administered through either route. The results indicate that both enteral and intravenous infusions will have similar therapeutic effects on the impaired protein metabolism in cirrhotic patients with protein-calorie malnutrition.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Long-term survival in a case of hepatocellular carcinoma.

A patient with an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who survived without active treatment 3 years and 8 months after histological diagnosis is described. The size of the liver, which was already quite huge at the time of diagnosis, changed little during the entire clinical observation. However, 2 months before death, his condition deteriorated rapidly following gastrointestinal bleeding due to the direct invasion of the stomach by HCC. A critical reason for the unusually long-term survival of the patient may stem from the facts that a well-differentiated and bile-producing HCC was extent in most encapsulated-tumor tissues and that liver cirrhosis was not present.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1983

Report of an imported case of Dipetalonema perstans in Japan.

A case of Dipetalonema perstans infection in a 34-year-old Japanese male is presented and from his past history there is no doubt that he obtained the infection in Zaire, Africa. The morphology and periodicity of the microfilaria were studied in detail and the clinical manifestations of the infection documented. This is the first report of imported D. perstans infection in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Fundamental and clinical studies of long acting amoxicillin granules in oral and maxillofacial surgery infections].

Long acting amoxicillin granules (L-AMPC), a newly developed presentation of amoxicillin (AMPC), maintains an effective blood level for an extended period. The following results were obtained from fundamental and clinical studies of L-AMPC. Serum and gingiva levels of AMPC were measured in 5 patients at 2 (Patient 1), 3 (Patient 2), 4 (Patient 3), 5 (Patient 4) and 6 (Patient 5) hours. Serum levels were 4.1, 5.2, 3.0, 1.7 micrograms/ml and 1.2 micrograms/ml respectively, and gingiva levels were 1.3, 2.6, 2.1, 1.1 micrograms/g and 1.1 micrograms/g respectively. Twenty-five patients with oral and maxillofacial infections containing maxillary or mandibular osteitis were treated with L-AMPC. Clinical efficacy was assessed according to the criteria of numerical judgement established by the Japanese Society of Oral Surgery (1973) and also by the global evaluation of the clinician. In numerical judgement there were 1 excellent case, 19 good cases and 5 poor cases (efficacy ratio; 80%). The clinician's assessment was 4 excellent cases, 17 good cases, 3 fair cases and 1 poor case (84%). Although 2 slight side effects, diarrhea and black hairy tongue were observed, both treatments were completed without problem. L-AMPC therapy (b.i.d.) showed good prolonged tissue levels and satisfactory clinical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Characteristics change in serum amino acid levels in different types of hepatic encephalopathy.

Serum amino acid patterns in patients with different types of hepatic encephalopathy were investigated. Marked elevations in most of serum amino acids observed in untreated patients with acute type of fulminant hepatitis were not remarkable in the patients who have already treated; particularly branched chain amino acids (BCAA), phenylalanine and tyrosine were much lower in the latter group. However, elevation of serum methionine levels and lower ratio of BCAA/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) were similarly observed in both groups. In encephalopathic patients with decompensated cirrhosis, many amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were elevated with a slight depressed levels of serum BCAA. Highly significant decrease in serum BCAA levels and no elevation of phenylalanine and methionine with a minimal increase of tyrosine were observed in patients with chronic type of hepatic encephalopathy; other amino acids except for glutamine and arginine were much lower as compared to those in decompensated cirrhotics and even to the control values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of intraduodenal feeding of a branched-chain amino acid-rich solution on ammonia-induced encephalopathy in liver-injured rats.

A preventive effect of intraduodenal prefeeding of a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-rich solution on ammonia-induced encephalopathy was investigated with carbon tetrachloride CC14-injured rats with the elevated levels of blood ammonia. Five out of six cirrhotic rats, to which an electrolyte solution alone was preinfused for 24 hours, fell into coma following ammonia acetate injection and two comatose rats died. However, no cirrhotic rats preinfused with a BCAA-rich solution died and only two out of the six showed coma with complete recovery. The similar preventive effect could not be observed in rats with acute liver injury.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Purification and certain properties of a bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans.

An inhibition factor from Streptococcus mutans strain C3603 (serotype c) was purified and isolated, and its properties indicated that it was a bacteriocin. Bacteriocin C3603 is a basic protein with a pI value of 10 and a molecular weight of 4,800. The activity of this bacteriocin was not affected by pH over a range of 1.0 to 12.0 or by storage at 100 degrees C for 10 min at pH 2.0 to 7.0 or storage at 121 degrees C for 15 min at pH 4.0. Pronase; papain, phospholipase C, trypsin, and alpha-amylase had no effect on the activity of the bacteriocin, whereas alpha-chymotrypsin and pancreatin were partially active against it. Bacteriocin activity was greater against certain S. mutans strains of serotypes b, c, e, and f than against certain S. mutans strains of serotypes a, d, and g. Bacteriocin C3603 was also effective against selected strains of S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. bovis, S. faecium, S. lactis, Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Propionibacterium acnes, and Bacteroides melaninogenicus, but it was not effective against certain strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium parvum, and Candida albicans. The inhibition of S. mutans strains BHT and PS-14 by bacteriocin C3603 was found to be due to the bacteriocidal activity of the bacteriocin. When water or a diet containing bacteriocin C3603 was consumed by gnotobiotic and specific pathogen-free rats infected with S. mutans PS-14, the caries score was found to be significantly reduced.

Animals↗