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Biomedical subjects

T Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to T Shiomi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Urological treatment of patients with spinal cord injury in the chronic stage].

One hundred eighty patients with spinal cord injury were admitted to our hospital between January, 1980 and June, 1983. Eighty-five of them had cervical lesions, 54 had thoracic lesions and 41 had lumbar lesions. Most of the neurogenic bladders due to spinal cord injury treated in our clinic, could be classified into 3 major patterns: hypoactive detrusor-hypoactive sphincter, hypoactive detrusor-active sphincter, and hyperactive detrusor-hyperactive sphincter. To control the hyperactivity of the detrusor and the sphincter, we employed pharmacotherapy first and then we performed transurethral resection of the bladder neck and prostatectomy (TUR-Bn.P) and nerve block (sacral nerve block, pudendal nerve block, obturator nerve block and lumbar nerve block). In the case of a hypoactive detrusor, we employed TUR-Bn.P, open ileal flap fixation to the bladder and voiding training. Using these procedures, we could make 157 patients catheter-free.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1986

Central action of atrial natriuretic polypeptide on blood pressure in conscious rats.

The effect of intracerebroventricular administration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide on blood pressure was studied in conscious, unrestrained rats. The intracerebroventricular injection of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide did not promote any significant change in basal blood pressure, whereas it attenuated central angiotensin II-induced pressor response in a dose-dependent manner. The plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide level did not change after the central administration of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. These data implicate atrial natriuretic polypeptide as a factor in blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

Aphidicolin-resistant mutants of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells with a high incidence of spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges.

Two aphidicolin-resistant cell mutants (AC 12 and AC 41) with a fourfold increase in spontaneous frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were obtained out of over 400 aphidicolin-resistant mutants isolated from mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. They also exhibited three- to fourfold increases in spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations (CAs). To determine whether the high level of SCE frequency in AC 12 is caused by 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) used for visualizing SCEs, the effect of BrdUrd incorporated into DNA on SCE induction was analyzed. The SCE frequencies in AC 12 remained constant at BrdUrd incorporation levels corresponding to 2-90% substitution for thymidine in DNA. In addition, the small amount of BrdUrd incorporated into both daughter and parenteral DNA strands in AC 12 had minimal effect on SCE induction. Furthermore, AC 12 and AC 41 were slightly resistant to BrdUrd with respect to the induction of CAs, the inhibition of cell-cycle progression and the decrease in mitotic activity. These findings suggest that the high incidence of SCEs in AC 12 and AC 41 is formed by their intrinsic defects, not by the effects of BrdUrd used. The analysis of SCE frequencies in hybrid cells between these mutants and the parental L5178Y revealed that the genetic defects in AC 12 and AC 41 appear to be recessive, and that these two mutants belong to the same complementation group. Furthermore, AC 12 belonged to a different complementation group from ES 4, which was isolated previously from L5178Y as an SCE mutant with a twofold higher frequency of spontaneous SCEs. This finding indicates that at least two different genetic defects participate in the formation of the high incidence of spontaneous SCEs in mouse cells. These SCE mutants would provide valuable cell materials for studying the molecular mechanism of SCE formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Electric pulse-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells grown in suspension culture.

A high-voltage generating machine which could generate semi-rectangular pulses in PBS solution was constructed, and the effects of field strength and duration of the pulse on electric pulse-mediated transformation of mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells by a linear form of plasmid pSV2neo DNAs were examined. In parallel, cell survival and growth after pulsing were analyzed. When the field strength and duration of the pulse were increased, the transformation frequency increased, although the cell survival rate decreased. Under the best conditions, the transformation frequency was 2 X 10(-4), which was 80 times higher than that obtained by the calcium phosphate coprecipitation method.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

X-ray-sensitive mutants of mouse mammary carcinoma cells are hypersensitive to bleomycin and hydrogen peroxide.

Radiation-sensitive mutants, SX9 and SX10, were isolated from mouse mammary carcinoma FM3A cells. The mutant SX9 complemented another radiation-sensitive strain M10 of mouse leukemia L5178Y cells, but SX10 did not. SX9 and SX10 cells were more sensitive than the wild-type cells to the lethal effects of bleomycin. The frequency of X-ray-induced mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance was much higher in SX9 cells than in the wild-type cells in the dose range up to 1 Gy, although the induced mutant frequencies were not very different between these two cell strains when compared at equivalent survival. SX9, SX10 and M10 cells were found to be far more sensitive than the respective wild-type cells to hydrogen peroxide inactivation, but the levels of catalase activity were similar among these cell strains. These mutants should be useful for cloning and identifying the human genes responsible for radiation sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Centrally administered leumorphin possesses potent depressor activity in conscious rats.

The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of leumorphin on basal blood pressure and angiotensin II (AII)-stimulated increase in blood pressure was examined in conscious unrestrained rats. The i.c.v. injection of leumorphin (0.06 and 0.6 nmol) elicited significant depressor effect. The i.c.v. administration of leumorphin with AII (0.1 nmol) significantly attenuated the AII-induced pressor response and, furthermore, lowered blood pressure below the basal level. These results suggest that leumorphin is involved in the central control of blood pressure.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

[A study of functional recovery of urination and defecation by modified sero-muscular ileal flap fixation to the bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder].

Between 1978 and 1985, 72 patients with urinary and defecatory dysfunction due to neurogenic bladder associated with myelodysplasia (57), spinal cord injury (11), and other causes (4) were treated with modified sero-muscular ileal flap fixation to the bladder (modified IFFB). They were followed from 1 to 88 months (mean: 36.3 months). This operative procedure was attempted to recover urinary and defecatory function. Sixty-four patients underwent urodynamic studies before and after the modified IFFB. On urodynamic evaluation, bladder capacity was not decreased, voiding time was diminished, and average urine flow rate was significantly improved after the modified IFFB. Patients who were followed at least 6 months after the modified IFFB showed the following results. Urinary substitute sensation appeared in 57 out of 59 patients (96.6%) and fecal substitute sensation in 34 (57.6%). Urinary incontinence improved in 38 out of 42 patients (90.5%), disappearing completely in 19 (45.2%). Constipation improved in 26 of 59 patients (44.1%). The upper urinary tract improved in 22 renal units, remained unchanged in 90 renal units, and deteriorated in 6 of the 118 renal units. Operative complications were encountered in 6 out of 72 patients (8.3%). The modified IFFB procedure does not appear to be suitable for the low compliance bladders with high grade VUR or for young women who desire pregnancy in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

1-Azacycloalkyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones with antianxiety-antidepressant actions.

A series of 1-azacycloalkyl-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones were synthesized from 1-azacycloalkyl-2-benzoylanilines and corresponding imines and then evaluated for their central nervous system activities. Pharmacological data showed that some of these compounds have potent antidepressant properties, as assessed by their antagonism of tetrabenzine (TBZ) induced ptosis and their inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes, as well as their moderate antianxiety properties of preventing of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) convulsion, suppressing conflict behavior, and displacing potential for [3H]diazepam binding. Introduction of a halogen substituent at position 7 of the 1,4-benzodiazepine ring lengthened the anti-PTZ effects, although the peak effect was slightly reduced and clearly enhanced the anti-PTZ and anticonflict properties. Introduction of Cl to the ortho position of the phenyl ring at position 5 greatly reduced the antidepressant properties. The secondary amine function of the azacyclic ring at position 1 was essential for the production of the antidepressant properties. Of these new series, 7-fluoro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-(4-piperidinyl)-2H-1,4-benzodi azepin-2 -one has the potential to become a useful antidepressant drug with a moderate antianxiety property.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Mechanisms of interleukin-2-mediated signaling and role of calcium in T cell mitogenesis.

In T lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A), interleukin 2 (IL-2) acts on the late G1 stage of the cell cycle. Ca2+ uptake by T cells was not enhanced with the stimulation of Con A (initiation) or IL-2 (late G1 stage), but Ca2+ requirement was observed at the two stages. These results indicate that the enhancement of Ca2+ uptake is not necessary, but intracellular Ca2+ may act as an important messenger in T cell mitogenesis.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of Robaveron tablet (KN-7) in the long-term therapy for urinary disturbances].

Long-term therapeutic effect of Robaveron tablet (KN-7) was studied on 10 female patients of middle and old age with ptosis of urinary bladder and 9 patients with neurogenic bladder. The patients had mainly complained of such subjective symptoms as pollakisuria, difficulty of urination, sense of residual urine, lower abdominal discomfort and urinary incontinence. Robaveron tablet was administered at 2 tablets t.i.d. for 3-26 months. And the drug efficacy was evaluated by residual urine, cystometric findings and subjective symptoms. A significant decrease in the residual urine rate and a significant increase of pressure amplitude were obtained, and improvement of subjective symptoms was seen with an effective rate of about 70%. Overall effectiveness, rated slightly improved or better was 89.5%. No cases of side effects or abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed. Robaveron tablet is safe and effective for patients with urinary disturbance accompanied by ptosis of urinary bladder, as a myogenic disorder, as well as neurogenic bladder in the long-term therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between lethal mutation yield and intake of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in Drosophila melanogaster.

To estimate the absorbed dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) ingested in Drosophila melanogaster, males were fed with sucrose solutions containing various concentrations of ENU plus 3H-labeled sucrose for 24 hr. Flies showed decreasing intakes with increase in ENU concentration when monitored by intake 3H radioactivity. Absorbed dose, D, per male can be estimated by the following formula: D = v . C, where v is intake volume per male of sucrose solution at concentration C. Estimating the v value for each ENU solution from 3H radioactivities in male flies, and using the above formula, we reached the conclusion that average absorbed doses of ENU were 0.064, 0.221, and 0.302 nmol, respectively, for the ENU concentrations of 0.03, 0.3, and 1.0 mM. Sex-linked recessive lethals were measured for males exposed to these sucrose solutions at three different ENU concentrations. Their frequencies increased nonlinearly with increasing exposure doses--ie, ENU concentration C--but linearly with increasing absorbed doses estimated in the above-mentioned way.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis and neuroleptic activity of N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2-methoxy-5-sulfonamidobenzamide s.

A series of some novel N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamides involving replacement of the sulfamoyl group in sulpiride with a sulfonamido group was synthesized and tested for dopamine receptor blockade. In comparison with sulpiride, several compounds were considerably more potent than sulpiride as dopamine receptor blockers. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Blockade of the obturator nerve in transurethral electroresection of urinary bladder tumors].

Stimulation of obturator nerve during transurethral electroresection causes violent adductor muscle contraction, and is a major cause of inadvertent bladder perforation. General anesthesia with muscle relaxants is often required when the bladder tumor is in the area where the obturator nerve passes in close proximity to the inferolateral bladder wall. Recently obturator nerve block under spinal anesthesia during transurethral surgery have been reported in several papers, but the blockade is not completely reliable. Obturator nerve block using electrostimulator (neutracer) and insulated electroneedle (pole needle) was performed in 25 patients with bladder tumors during transurethral electroresection from October 1980 to December 1981. We herein describe the technique and results of local obturator nerve blockade. Use of neutracer and pole needle makes the obturator nerve block a completely reliable, safe and easy procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Chromosomal hypersensitivity in mutant M10 and Q31 mouse cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO).

2 mutant mouse cells M10 and Q31 were examined for chromosomal aberrations induced by ultraviolet radiation (UV) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), as compared with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. Q31 cells are UV- and 4NQO-sensitive cells isolated from L5178Y cells. M10 cells are similar but are sensitive to ionizing radiation and 4NQO. After treatment with UV or 4NQO, chromatid-type aberrations in these cell strains were induced more frequently in the first mitotic cells, at late fixation times. After UV exposure (2.4 J/m2), the maximal frequencies of chromatid-type breaks in Q31 cells were about 5 times higher than in L5178Y cells. In M10 cells such breaks were only as frequent as in L5178Y cells. After 4NQO treatment (50 ng/ml) the frequencies of chromatid-type breaks in M10 and Q31 cells were significantly higher than in L5178Y cells. From these results and those of previous studies (Takahashi et al., 1982), M10 cells may be considered hypersensitive to gamma-rays and 4NQO, but not to UV, and thus react similarly to L5178Y cells. The hypersensitivity of M10 cells to 4NQO may result from a defect in the ionizing-radiation repair mechanism as has been suggested to occur in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) cells. Q31 cells are hypersensitive to UV and 4NQO, but not to gamma-rays. Q31 cells may be considered to be deficient in a UV-like repair pathway. In conclusion, characteristics of murine M10 and Q31 cells are compared with those of human AT and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗