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T Shinzato

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinzato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Health-related quality of life among dialysis patients in Seattle and Aichi.

We used the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between 104 dialysis patients in Seattle, WA, and 2,178 patients in Aichi, JAPAN: Compared with Aichi patients, Seattle patients had lower scores on three scales related to physical HRQOL: Physical Functioning (PF; P = 0.03), Role-Physical (RP; P = 0.004), and Vitality (VT; P < 0.001). However, scores related to mental HRQOL were higher for Seattle patients compared with those of Aichi patients, which included scores for Role-Emotional (RE; P = 0.005) and Mental Health (MH; P < 0.001). Scores for Bodily Pain, General Health Perception, and Social Functioning did not differ significantly between the two groups. These differences persisted even after potential confounding factors were controlled for. However, after taking into account national norm data for the United States and Japan, differences in PF and VT disappeared, whereas differences in RP, RE, and MH persisted. These results suggest that the higher scores for PF and VT in Aichi patients were partly explained by the higher physical HRQOL of the Japanese general population. Although these data may not be representative of the total dialysis populations in the United States and Japan, they suggest potential differences in HRQOL between patients in the two countries. Additional research is needed to confirm these results and understand the factors associated with these differences. The findings suggest the need for further attention to the physical limitations of US dialysis patients and the mental health of Japanese dialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Translation, cultural adaptation, and initial reliability and multitrait testing of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument for use in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument (KDQOL) consists of 79 items: 36 asking about health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in general (the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36) and 43 asking about QOL as it is affected by kidney disease and by dialysis. AIM: Translation, cultural adaptation and initial reliability and multitrait testing of the KDQOL for use in Japan. METHODS: Translation and cultural adaptation began with two translations into Japanese, two backtranslations into English, and discussions among the translators, the project coordinators in Japan, and the developers of the original (US-English) version. Focus-group discussions and field testing were followed by analyses of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant construct validity. RESULTS: All eight of the SF-36 scales met the criterion for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.92) and were reproducible (intraclass correlations between test and retest scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.82). Of the 10 kidney-disease-targeted scales, only two had alpha coefficients of less than 0.70: 'sleep' (0.61) and 'quality of social interaction' (0.35). One item on the 'quality of social interaction' scale had a very weak correlation with the remainder of that scale (r = 0.10). Eliminating that item from scoring increased the alpha coefficient of the scale from 0.35 to 0.64. All three items on the 'quality of social interaction' scale had very strong correlations with other scales. CONCLUSIONS: First, in Japanese patients receiving dialysis the SF-36 scales are internally consistent and their scores are reproducible. Second, with the possible exception of the 'quality of social interaction' scale, the Japanese version of the KDQOL, can provide psychometrically sound kidney-disease-targeted data on quality of life in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mass spectrometry proves under-O-glycosylation of glomerular IgA1 in IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: The IgA1 molecule, which is predominantly deposited in glomeruli in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), is a unique serum glycoprotein because it has O-glycan side chains in its hinge region. Our study was conducted to investigate the O-glycan structure in the glomerular IgA1 in IgAN. METHODS: The IgA1 was separated from 290 renal biopsy specimens of 278 IgAN patients and from four serum IgA1 samples (IgAN, 2; control, 2). The variety of O-glycan glycoform was determined by estimating the precise molecular weights of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The peak distribution of IgA1 hinge glycopeptides clearly shifted to lesser molecular weights in both glomerular and serum IgA1 in IgAN compared with the serum IgA1 of controls. In the five major peaks of IgA1 hinge glycopeptides in each sample, the numbers of carbohydrates composing O-glycans (GalNAc, Gal, and NANA) in the deposited and serum IgA1 in IgAN patients were significantly fewer than those in the serum IgA1 in the control groups. CONCLUSION: The O-glycan side chains in the hinge of the glomerular IgA1 were highly underglycosylated in IgAN. These results indicate that the decreased sialylation and galactosylation of the IgA1 hinge glycopeptides play a crucial role in its glomerular deposition in IgAN.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Outcomes of hemodiafiltration based on Japanese dialysis patient registry.

Effectiveness of various therapeutic modalities was analyzed among 1,196 patients entered in the registry of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy who were on hemopurification therapy as of the end of 1998 and developed dialysis-related amyloidosis during 1999. In the investigation, the effectiveness of various hemopurification modalities on the dialysis-related amyloidosis was ranked as exacerbation, unchanged, or alleviation, so as to analyze the possible relationship between the hemopurification modality and its effectiveness. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression approach, and the results were shown as "the risk of a worse therapeutic ranking" among the hemopurification modalities. The smaller "the risk of a worse therapeutic effect" was, the more effective the treatment modality. When the risk of a worse therapeutic effect for the hemodialysis patients treated by a regular membrane was put at 1.0, the risk for hemodialysis patients using high-flux membrane was 0.489, the off-line hemodiafiltration risk was 0.117, the on-line hemodiafiltration risk was 0.013, and the risk of push/pull hemodiafiltration was 0.017. For hemodialysis with a beta(2)-microglobulin adsorption column, a low risk of 0.054 was found. The results indicated that hemodiafiltration therapy and simultaneous hemodialysis with beta(2)-microglobulin adsorption therapy were more effective treatment for dialysis-related amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed2001

BMS-284756 (T-3811ME) a new fluoroquinolone: in vitro activity against Legionella, efficacy in a guinea pig model of L. pneumophila pneumonia and pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs.

The activity of BMS-284756 was studied against extracellular Legionella spp. and intracellular Legionella pneumophila, and for the treatment of guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. The BMS-284756 MIC(50) of 22 different Legionella spp. strains was 0.008 mg/L, compared with 0.016 and 0.125 mg/L for levofloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. BMS-284756 (1 mg/L) reduced the intracellular concentrations of two L. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by c. 1.5 log(10 )cfu/mL, and was more active than erythromycin, but less active than azithromycin or levofloxacin at the same drug concentrations. Efficacy studies of BMS-284756, levofloxacin and azithromycin were performed in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. In infected guinea pigs given BMS-284756 10 mg/kg ip, mean peak plasma levels were 1.8 mg/L at 0.5 h and 0.7 mg/L at 1 h post-dose. The elimination half-life in plasma was 0.5 h, and the AUC(0-24 )was 1.7 mg*h/L, about 2% of the AUC(0-24 )for a single 400 mg oral dose in man. Sixteen of 18 L. pneumophila-infected guinea pigs treated with BMS-284756 10 mg/kg ip once daily for 5 days survived for 7 days post-antimicrobial therapy, as did 11 of 12 guinea pigs treated with azithromycin 15 mg/kg ip once daily for 2 days. All 12 animals that were treated with levofloxacin 10 mg/kg ip once daily for 5 days survived. None of 12 control animals treated with saline survived. Animals treated with BMS-284756 had significantly higher residual lung counts of L. pneumophila at the end of therapy than did animals treated with levofloxacin or azithromycin, which may be attributable to the very low drug concentrations that were obtained. BMS-284756 was more active than erythromycin against L. pneumophila in infected macrophages, and effectively treated animals with experimental L. pneumophila pneumonia. These data support further studies of BMS-284756 for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[A case of loiasis].

Loiasis is quite common in the endemic regions of Central and West Africa. But only three cases were reported in Japan. This is a report of a 28 year old male from Gabon infected with Loa loa with eye symptoms as the chief complaint. For the first time in Japan he was treated with Ivermectin (IVM) which is recently attracting attention as the drug for filariasis world wide. IVM therapy was effective, and decreased the counts of microfilarias in the patient's blood. No adverse effect was seen in this patient. This case suggested that IVM is an useful drug for loiasis, and further study is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri group].

We described the clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) during a 6-year period from 1993 to 1998. The gender was 11 males and 1 female with their ages ranging from 39 to 76 years old (mean: 53.4). The common symptoms were fever (100%), abdominal pain (67%), and appetite loss (58%). Nine cases had underlying diseases such as carcinomas and diabetes mellitus. Predominant causes of the liver abscess were cryptogenic (42%) and biliary tract disease (33%). Three patients died of an exacerbation of the carcinoma. Eight cases (67%) was single infection of SMG and no mixed infection with anaerobes. No strains isolated in this series showed resistance against penicillin G and ampicillin. SMG was highly isolated from the blood culture in eight of the 11 cases (73%). Liver abscess should be taken into consideration as one of the causes of SMG septicemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB-265805, LB20304a) against Legionella pneumophila and its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia.

The activity of gemifloxacin against intracellular Legionella pneumophila and for the treatment of guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia was studied. Gemifloxacin, azithromycin, and levofloxacin (1 microg/ml) reduced bacterial counts of two L. pneumophila strains grown in guinea pig alveolar macrophages by 2 to 3 log(10) units. Gemifloxacin and levofloxacin had roughly equivalent intracellular activities. In contrast, erythromycin had static activity only. Therapy studies of gemifloxacin, azithromycin, and levofloxacin were performed in guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. When gemifloxacin (10 mg/kg) was given by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route to infected guinea pigs, mean peak levels in plasma were 1.3 microg/ml at 0.5 h and 1.2 microg/ml at 1 h postinjection. The terminal half-life phase of elimination from plasma was 1.3 h, and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0--24)) was 2.1 microg. h/ml. For the same drug dose, mean levels in lungs were 3.4 microg/g at both 0.5 and 1 h, with a half-life of 1.5 h and an AUC(0--24) of 6.0 microg. h/ml. All 15 L. pneumophila-infected guinea pigs treated with gemifloxacin (10 mg/kg/dose given i.p. once daily) for 2 days survived for 9 days after antimicrobial therapy, as did 13 of 14 guinea pigs treated with the same dose of gemifloxacin given for 5 days. All 12 azithromycin-treated animals (15 mg/kg/dose given i.p. once daily for 2 days) survived, as did 11 of 12 animals treated with levofloxacin (10 mg/kg/dose given i.p. once daily for 5 days). None of 12 animals treated with saline survived. Gemifloxacin is effective against L. pneumophila in infected macrophages and in a guinea pig model of Legionnaires' disease, even with an abbreviated course of therapy. These data support studies of the clinical effectiveness of gemifloxacin for the treatment of Legionnaires' disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

CD31 expression on leukocytes is downregulated in vivo during hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: CD31 on leukocytes is the adhesion molecule involved in the leukocyte extravasation in inflammatory conditions. During hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes, it is considered that activated leukocytes adhere to endothelium, but do not show extravasation. However, it is not elucidated why activated leukocytes do not show endothelial transmigration during hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes. METHODS: In the present study, changes in the expressions of Mac-1 and CD31 on granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry during hemodialysis in 7 patients treated with regenerated-cellulose (RC) membranes and next with polysulfone (PS) membranes. RESULTS: During dialysis with RC, Mac-1 expressions on granulocytes and monocytes both significantly increased as compared with predialysis values and across the dialyzer. During dialysis with RC, the CD31 expression on granulocytes and monocytes significantly decreased as compared with predialysis values. During dialysis with PS, changes in Mac-1 and CD31 expressions on granulocytes and monocytes were smaller than those during dialysis with RC. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased CD31 expression on leukocytes may affect leukocyte function more in patients chronically hemodialyzed with RC than in those hemodialyzed with PS, since CD31 is important in leukocyte transendothelial migration in inflammatory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Myrsinionosides A-E: megastigmane glycosides from the leaves of Myrsine seguinii Lev.

Eight megastigmane glycosides were isolated from the leaves of Myrsine seguinii collected in Okinawa. Three of them were found to be known compounds, i.e., ampelopsisionoside, alangionoside J, and linarionoside A. The structures of the new megastigmane glycosides were elucidated from the spectroscopic data and their absolute stereochemistries were determined in detail using a modified Mosher's method.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2001

Quantitative estimation of dietary energy deficiency and effects of its supplementation on protein nutritional status of nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing protein restricted dietary regimens.

In chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a reduced protein intake, if the patients' energy intake could be estimated on the basis of biochemical data together with protein intake, it would be easier to provide them with adequate dietary treatment. Thus, from the relationship among the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and the intrinsic creatinine generation rate (%GCr) both calculated on the basis of 24-hr urine creatinine, as well as the daily dietary energy intake evaluated by a skilled nutritionist, we devised the following equation to estimate the amount of dietary energy deficiency (delta E) whose supplementation increases the %GCr of patients on protein-restricted dietary regimens to the target level (i.e., the dietary energy deficient amount). This was done by taking the %GCr of average nondiabetic hemodialysis patients of the same age and sex as a temporal target level: delta E = [31.22 - 1.97 (%GCr)0.6]/(nPCR)0.15. In order to examine the clinical usefulness of this equation, the daily dietary energy deficient amount calculated by the equation was supplemented with protein-free jelly. As a result, the %GCr increased from approximately three-fourths of the target level to the target level within 4 months.

Creatinine↗
PubMed2000

Direct evidence for decreased sialylation and galactosylation of human serum IgA1 Fc O-glycosylated hinge peptides in IgA nephropathy by mass spectrometry.

Human serum immunoglobulin IgA1 is produced in bone marrow and interacts with specific cellular receptors that mediate biological events. In this study, we have analyzed the detailed glycoform structure of the human serum IgA1 Fc O-glycosylated hinge region by electrospray ionization liquid mass spectrometry. The IgA1 fragments containing the hinge glycopeptide were separated from 4 IgA nephropathy patient (IgAN) pooled sera, 10 non-IgAN pooled sera with other primary glomerulonephritides, and 5 healthy control subject pooled sera by trypsin treatment and Jacalin affinity chromatography. The molecular weights of IgA1 hinge glycopeptide were estimated using mass spectrometry, and 13 sialo and 8 asialo glycopeptide groups were identified. The results obtained clearly showed a decrease of GalNAc, Gal, and sialic acid in IgAN compared with non-IgAN and normal controls, and those strongly suggested the possibility that the decreased galactosylation and sialylation of the IgA1 hinge result in its glomerular deposition in IgAN.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Isolation of lignan glucosides and neolignan sulfate from the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn) A. Juss.

Six lignan and neolignan derivatives (1-6) were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of a MeOH extract of the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum. On the basis of spectral data, their structures were elucidated to be (+)-isolarisiresinol 3a-O-beta-glucopyranoside (1), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-, 9- and 9'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides (2-4, respectively), (+)-isolarisiresinol 2a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9-O-sulfate (6), and 5 and 6 were new compounds.

Euphorbiaceae↗
PubMed2000

Megastigmane, benzyl and phenethyl alcohol glycosides, and 4,4'-dimethoxy-beta-truxinic acid catalpol diester from the leaves of Premna subscandens MERR.

Extensive isolation work on the n-BuOH-soluble fraction obtained from the leaves of Premna subscandens, collected on Ishigaki island, Okinawa, afforded six compounds. Two were identified as megastigmane glucosides, 7-(3,5-dihydroxy-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-9-methylprop++ +-8-enyl 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the remaining four new compounds were elucidated to be a 2'-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl derivative of 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta-ionol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named premnaionoside, benzyl alcohol beta-D-(2'-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)glucopyranoside, phenethyl alcohol beta-D-(2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)glucopyranoside, and 4,4'-dimethoxy-beta-truxinic acid catalpol diester by spectroscopic analyses.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2000

Glochidionolactones A-F: butenolide glucosides from leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum (GAERTN) A. JUSS.

From the leaves of Glochidion zeylanicum, six new butenolide glucoside, named glochidionolactones A-F, were isolated along with a known related compound, phyllanthurinolactone. The structures of glochidionolactones A-D and F were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute stereochemistry of glochidionolactone E was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗