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Biomedical subjects

T Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to T Shinoda.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with prolonged hemodialysis treatment.

The association of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with prolonged hemodialysis treatment (PHT), not previously reported, was observed in a 56-year-old Japanese man who received PHT for 11 years. He suffered from recurrent bouts of fever and progressive neurological signs, such as irritability, speech disturbance, gait disturbance and dysphagia for seven months, and finally fell into a deep coma and died. Clinical signs and symptoms were highly suggestive of progressive dialysis encephalopathy. Necropsy revealed that the PML mainly involved the brainstem and cerebellar white matter. The aluminium content of the brain tissue was lower than that of controls. Possibly the virus causing PML is one of the causes of progressive dialysis encephalopathy, since clinically PML is not easily distinguished from progressive dialysis encephalopathy. It is essential to differentiate PML of viral etiology from progressive dialysis encephalopathy of unknown cause.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Biological and biochemical characterization of macrophage activating factor (MAF) in murine lymphocytes: physiocochemical similarity of MAF to gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).

During the course of an investigation designed to separate macrophage activating factor (MAF) activity from interferon (IFN) antiviral activity in the lymphokine-rich fraction (LKF) produced by stimulation of murine splenic cells with concanavalin A (Con A), we found molecular evidence for the similarity of the two activities. MAF activity was expressed as the rate of inhibition of intracellular growth of Salmonella typhimurium in macrophages based on the linear correlation between relative MAF activity and LKF concentration. The antiviral substance in LKF was identified as IFN-gamma based on the observation that its activity was inactivated at pH 2 and neutralized with anti-mouse IFN-gamma serum but not with anti-mouse IFN-alpha/beta serum. MAF and IFN antiviral activities displayed identical sensitivity to pH 2 and temperature. Further, neither activity was affected by beta-mercaptoethanol, but both were inactivated by guanidine hydrochloride and by sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that the structures related to conformation of the protein of the two molecules may be similar. In affinity chromatography of the LKF on a Con A-Sepharose column, MAF and IFN activities were found in both the nonadsorbing (F I) and adsorbing (F II) fractions. However, the rates of F II of MAF and IFN activities increased proportionally when the sample was applied on a column of higher capacity, suggesting that the molecular structure of the mannose-containing glycosyl moiety of the two molecules may also be similar. Moreover, the intact or modified form of MAF and IFN activities of different LKF preparations showed a strong correlation, indicating that the production and denaturation of MAF activity were proportional to those of IFN antiviral activity. The results of this study provide strong evidence that MAF and IFN antiviral activities may reside in virtually the same molecular species.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antigenic relationship between Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans serotype B.

We examined the antigenic relationship between Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans serotype B with respect to antigenic factors 13 and 13b, specific for the former species and common to both species, respectively. Acetolysis of C. albicans serotype B cell-wall mannan gave six oligosaccharides. Their chemical structure was determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis. The structure of the hexasaccharide derived from C. albicans serotype B mannan was alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1- 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)- alpha-D-Manp-(1-2)-D-Man (M6) which is identical to that from C. parapsilosis mannan. Inhibition of two precipitin reaction systems (anti-C. albicans serotype B serum and anti-C. parapsilosis serum to the respective homologous mannan), by oligosaccharides from homologous and heterologous mannans indicated that M6 from either C. albicans serotype B or C. parapsilosis was the most effective inhibitor. Moreover inhibition of the agglutination reaction between factor serum containing anti-factors 13 and 13b and C. albicans serotype B or C. parapsilosis cells by oligosaccharides from both mannans also indicated that the M6s were the most effective inhibitors. These results suggest that the M6s derived from the two species are identical in their chemical structure, although the structures of the whole mannans of the two species are not identical as demonstrated by gel diffusion precipitation patterns, and that M6s may be involved in the specificities of antigenic factors 13 and 13b. The amount of M6 is larger in C. parapsilosis cell-wall mannan, suggesting that high repeating frequency of M6 fragment may induce the antibody specific for C. parapsilosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1984

Role of serum factors in the phagocytosis of weakly or heavily encapsulated Cryptococcus neoformans strains by guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes.

We investigated the opsonic activity of the serum factors affecting phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro to elucidate the role of humoral factors in the host defense mechanisms against cryptococcosis. Two strains of C. neoformans, one heavily and one weakly encapsulated, were used. Guinea pig peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were used for phagocytosis. The viable weakly encapsulated cells were ingested effectively by PBLs, in the presence of guinea pig normal fresh serum, while the heavily encapsulated cells were not ingested. Neither immune serum, its IgG fraction alone, nor heated serum promoted the phagocytosis of either the weakly or heavily encapsulated strain. On the other hand, immune serum promoted adherence of PBLs to viable cells of the heavily encapsulated strain, forming rosettes in the presence of fresh serum. A substantial amount of C3b component was detected on yeast cells when weakly encapsulated cells were incubated with human fresh serum, or heavily encapsulated cells were incubated with rabbit immune serum together with human fresh serum. Serum chelation experiments also indicated that the factors involved in the alternative complement pathway are opsonins for the weakly encapsulated strain. These results suggest that the alternative pathway plays an important normal opsonic role for weakly encapsulated strains and that specific antibody plays an immune opsonic role for heavily encapsulated strains of C. neoformans via the classical pathway of complement activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A case of perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma].

Herein we report a case of perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma. A 57-year-old woman was hospitalized because of a palpable mass in the left flank. She had had an episode of left flank pain. X-ray studies demonstrated a tumor in the left kidney and a large cystic mass beneath the left kidney. The cyst was excised by nephrectomy. Histological examination of the large cyst revealed perirenal encysted hematoma secondary to renal cell adenocarcinoma. Six months postoperatively, she is now free from left lumbar pain, and alive with lung and liver metastasis.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1983

A new immunoglobulin marker.

In an examination of 16 human immunoglobulin lambda-light chains, one was found to have amino acid substitutions which have not previously been reported for the constant region of the lambda-chains. It involved in two positions: an arginine instead of lysine at position 130, and a leucine for glutamine at position 195 (Sh numbering (1) ). The structural variation is tentatively designated as "Is" marker.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical determinant of Candida parapsilosis.

Acetolysis of Candida parapsilosis cell-wall D-mannan, obtained by alkali extraction and purified as a copper complex, gave six oligosaccharides by Bio-Gel P-2 filtration. Their chemical structure was examined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and partial acid hydrolysis. The structures of the penta- and hexa-saccharide were alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-D-Man (M5) and alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-D-Man (M6), respectively. Inhibition of the oligosaccharides with anti-C. parapsilosis serum and homologous D-mannan indicated that although M5 and M6 exhibited strong inhibitory-activity, M6 was the more effective inhibitor, and suggested that M6 may be the immunodominant or may be responsible for the specificity of C. parapsilosis mannan in the precipitin-reaction system, or both.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1983

Structure and location of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in the Fc region of A human immunoglobulin D.

Seven kinds of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were bound to the Fc region of a human immunoglobulin D(NIG-65). The oligosaccharides quantitatively released from four species of glycopeptides by digestion with almond glycopeptidase, were separated by Bio-Gel p-4 column chromatography and were purified further by thin-layer chromatography. The sugars were identified with GC-MS following the permethylation of respective oligosaccharide. To Asn-68 (NIG-65 Fc numbering (1)), two kinds of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides were bonded. To Asn-159, a kind of hybride-type and two kinds of bisected complex-type oligosaccharides were attached. From Asn-210, four kinds of bisected complex-type oligosaccharides were isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparative studies on the structure of the light chains of human immunoglobulins. IV. Assignment of a subsubgroup.

Amino acid sequence analysis was done on a human lambda Bence Jones protein NIG-64 with the major objective of determining the sequence of the variable region. Nineteen tryptic peptides covering 216 residues were isolated from the completely reduced and aminoethylated protein, and 17 of these were completely sequenced. These comprised the entire variable region and 11 from the constant region. For the remaining peptides covering the rest of the constant region, only partial sequences or the amino acid compositions were determined. All the tryptic peptides could be arranged in order on the basis of the above results and homology with other human lambda light chains of the same isotype. The sequence of the variable region of the protein is highly homologous with that of protein New of subgroup V lambda I as compared with other proteins of the same subgroup, suggesting that subgroup V lambda I may be further divided into subsubgroups, namely subsubgroups V lambda I-1 and V lambda I-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Studies on biological actions of dimethyl sulfoxide in familial amyloidosis.

DMSO was therapeutically administered to patients with FAP and in about half of the patients there was some clinical improvement. Urinary proteins were analyzed biochemically and immunochemically before and after DMSO administration in seven cases of amyloidosis. As the results, increased excretion of various proteins of different molecular weights in the urine was observed depending on cases and examined organs. The in vitro effects of DMSO on amyloid proteins were examined. DMSO-degraded amyloid proteins showed void-volume materials and lower molecular weight components on Sephadex G column elution profiles as did guanidine-degraded amyloid protein. Among various denaturating or reducing agents, DMSO is the least potent in dissolving amyloid fibrils into prealbumin-related proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increased urinary kallikrein-like activity in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

The role of the kallikrein system in the natriuresis of SIADH was studied in 3 patients. Following free water intake, serum Na decreased. Urinary Na excretion, urinary aldosterone excretion and urinary kallikrein-like activity (UKaV) increased. Significant relationships were observed between UKaV and urinary aldosterone excretion during the study. Further, there were significant relationships between serum Na and UKaV, and between uric acid clearance and UKaV. In 1 patient, who was observed for a longer period, a significant relationship was observed between Na clearance and UKaV. We conclude that UKaV is increased during hyponatremia in SIADH by volume expansion. This increase in UKaV may play a role in the natriuresis in SIADH.

Aged↗