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Biomedical subjects

T Shimoyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Shimoyama.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Evaluation of the clinical relevance of the iceA1 gene in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan.

BACKGROUND: A novel Helicobacter pylori gene, iceA, has two allelic variants, and the iceA1 strain is associated with peptic ulcer disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the possession of iceA1 gene is associated with gastric cancer or the severity of gastritis. METHODS: Ninety-seven subjects (46 patients with early gastric cancer and 51 control subjects) infected with H. pylori were studied. DNA was extracted from isolated H. pylori strains, and the presence of the iceA1 gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction. The features of gastritis were graded in accordance with the updated Sydney System, using gastric biopsy specimens. RESULTS: iceA1 was found in 61% of patients with gastric cancer and 53% of control subjects (NS). The grade of gastritis in iceA1-positive and -negative gastric mucosa was compared. Higher polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was observed in iceA1-positive subjects (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the grades of mononuclear cell infiltration, glandular atrophy, and H. pylori density. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the iceA1 gene is not associated with the development of gastric cancer in Japan, whereas the iceA1-positive strain may induce more enhanced active gastric inflammation in cagA-positive and vacA s1/m1 strains.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Serum anti-Lewis X antibody is not elevated in patients with gastric cancer infected with Helicobacter pylori.

Lipopolysaccharides of Helicobacter pylori express Lewis X similar to that occurring in gastric mucosa. Patients infected with H. pylori produce anti-Lewis X antibodies. The aim of this study was to examine whether anti-Lewis X antibody was associated with the development of gastric cancer, particularly intestinal type cancer. Serum sample was collected from 98 patients with early gastric cancer and 98 gender- and age-matched control subjects who underwent endoscopy. Histologically, 77 cancers were of the intestinal type. Titers of anti-H. pylori and anti-Lewis X immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean titer of Lewis X antibody was 0.097 in patients with gastric cancer and 0.110 in matched control subjects (not significant). In 72 H. pylori-seropositive patients with intestinal type cancer and their matched H. pylori-seropositive controls, mean titer was 0.115 and 0.107, respectively (not significant). The odds ratio for the risk of gastric cancer if Lewis X antibody was high titer was 0.93 (95% CI 0.43-2.00). The odds ratio for the risk of intestinal type gastric cancer in patients with H. pylori infection if Lewis X antibody was high titer was 1.10 (95(% CI, 0.46-2.62). Anti-Lewis X antibody does not seem to be associated with the development of gastric cancer, even the intestinal type cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Association of gastric epithelial apoptosis with the ability of Helicobacter pylori to induce a neutrophil oxidative burst.

Both polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and increased epithelial apoptosis are seen in gastric mucosa in the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. This study examined the association between bacterial ability to stimulate an oxidative burst in neutrophils and epithelial apoptosis. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 15 patients to detect apoptotic cells by the TUNEL method. H. pylori strains isolated from corresponding stomach biopsy samples were tested for the ability to stimulate an oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy subjects without H. pylori infection and the oxidative burst was measured by flow cytometry with dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Stimulation with H. pylori increased both the percentage of activated cells and fluorescence intensity. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of epithelial apoptotic cells and fluorescence intensity. Increased neutrophil oxidative burst stimulated by H. pylori may play a role in enhanced gastric mucosal DNA damage and consequent atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

IL-18 and IL-12 induce intestinal inflammation and fatty liver in mice in an IFN-gamma dependent manner.

BACKGROUND: In murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, colonic inflammation is considered to be caused by an aberrant Th1-type immune response. AIM: To investigate if systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 to wild-type BALB/c mice induces liver injury and intestinal inflammation, and if pathological changes are observed, what cytokines are involved. METHODS: Mice (BALB/c-wild-type (wt), MRL-lpr/lpr, BALB/c-interferon gamma knock out (IFN-gamma KO), C57BL/6-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO, and BALB/c tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) KO) were injected intraperitoneally each day with IL-12 (20 ng/g/mouse) and/or IL-18 (200 ng/g/mouse). RESULTS: Administration of IL-12 and IL-18 to BALB/c-wt mice induced prominent intestinal mucosal inflammation and fatty liver, leading to piloerection, bloody diarrhoea, and weight loss. IL-12 and IL-18 induced striking elevations in serum levels of IFN-gamma that caused NO production, although increased NO had no exacerbating effect on mice. Moreover, iNOS KO mice, or MRL lpr/lpr mice lacking functional Fas were equally susceptible to IL-12 and IL-18. Administration of IL-12 and IL-18 did not induce TNF-alpha production in wild-type mice, and the same treatment to TNF-alpha KO mice induced intestinal mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, they had diffuse and dense infiltration of small fat droplets in their hepatocytes associated with an increase in serum levels of liver enzymes. In contrast, the same treatment in IFN-gamma KO BALB/c mice and iNOS KO mice did not induce these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study strongly indicates that IL-18 together with IL-12 induces intestinal mucosal inflammation in an IFN-gamma dependent but TNF-alpha, NO, and Fas ligand independent manner, and fatty liver is dependent on IFN-gamma and NO.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gastric mucosal inflammation and epithelial cell turnover are associated with gastric cancer in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND: Infection with a virulent Helicobacter pylori strain is associated with gastric mucosal damage and the increased risk of gastric cancer. AIMS: To examine the characteristics of host gastric mucosal responses in patients with gastric cancer, histological grade of gastritis, gastric epithelial apoptosis, and proliferation were studied. METHODS: Thirty two patients with early gastric cancer and 32 sex and age matched controls were studied. All subjects were infected with a virulent H pylori strain (vacA s1/m1, cagA positive genotype). Biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum and the corpus of the stomach. The grade of gastritis was assessed according to the updated Sydney system. Apoptotic cells were detected using terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl nick end labelling, and epithelial cell proliferation was determined by means of the Ki-67 labelling index. RESULTS: In patients with gastric cancer, significantly higher grades were observed when glandular atrophy (p < 0.05) and intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.01) were present in the antrum, and when mononuclear cell infiltration was present in the corpus (p < 0.05). The numbers of apoptotic cells were increased in patients with cancer (p < 0.05) and the apoptotic index correlated significantly with the grade of glandular atrophy. Epithelial cell proliferation was more likely to be increased in mucosa where intestinal metaplasia was present. CONCLUSIONS: Infection with H pylori causes increased gastric epithelial apoptosis, resulting in more severe glandular atrophy in patients with gastric cancer. Increased damage of gastric epithelial DNA and the presence of more severe atrophic gastritis might contribute to the development of gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Gingival peripheral odontoma in an adult: case report.

BACKGROUND: Odontoma arising in the extraosseous soft tissue is extremely uncommon. We describe our experience of gingival peripheral odontoma in which the initial presentation was a small asymptomatic nodule. METHODS: Case study. RESULTS: A 44-year-old man reported with a firm gingival mass of the anterior maxilla which had been gradually enlarging over 5 years. Radiographic examination showed a dense radiopaque mass occupying most of the tumor and no evidence of underlying intraosseous lesion. The pathology was reported as odontoma. CONCLUSIONS: This is the fourth reported case of peripheral odontoma in the gingiva.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Soft tissue myxoma of the gingiva: report of a case and review of the literature of soft tissue myxoma in the oral region.

Soft tissue myxoma of the oral cavity is extremely rare. We present a case of soft tissue myxoma arising from a mandibular anterior gingiva in a 51-year-old male patient. Histological examination showed islands of odontogenic epithelium scattered in the mucinous stroma. This lesion was supposed to have a odontogenic origin. The clinical differences between soft tissue myxoma with bone destruction and those without bone destruction are also discussed by a review of the literature.

Collagen↗
PubMed2000

Cellular hemangioma in an adult.

This report describes an adult case of cellular hemangioma arising in the lower lip. A 39-year-old healthy woman presented with a polypoid mass of 4 months duration. The tumor imparted little color to the overlying mucosa and was misdiagnosed as a mucous granuloma preoperatively. The lobular proliferation of plump endothelial cells with inconspicuous vascular spaces was a cardinal morphologic feature of the present tumor.

Actins↗
PubMed2000

Helicobacter pylori in oral ulcerations.

Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen involved in the development of gastrointestinal ulcers, but its involvement in oral ulcerous lesions is unclear. As culture is generally recognized as the gold standard for diagnosis of H. pylori infection, we employed this approach to assess the association of H. pylori with oral mucosal ulcerations. Samples were collected from patients with oral mucosal ulcerative disorders: 12 cases of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), 7 cases of herpes simplex virus (HSV) stomatitis, and 3 cases of erosive lichen planus (LP). Serum IgG antibodies against H. pylori were examined in all cases. All of the RAS and erosive LP cases were culture-negative for H. pylori, while two cases of HSV stomatitis were positive. The two culture-positive cases were also seropositve for the H. pylori antigen. It is suggested that H. pylori might not have a direct association with oral ulcerations. However, H. pylori in the oral cavity might exist in a non-culturable coccoid state without productive infection, and might form colonies only under special conditions such as HSV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A histochemical study of inflammatory lesions of the maxillary sinus mucosa using biotinylated lectins.

The distribution of glycoconjugates in normal maxillary sinus tissues, in cases of maxillary sinusitis and in postoperative maxillary cysts (POMC), was examined using seven different lectins as probes. The results showed that wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1), Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1), and concanavalin A (ConA) strongly react with the cilia and goblet cells. The binding of WGA, PNA, UEA-1, and RCA-1 was increased in maxillary sinusitis and POMC compared with normal maxillary sinus epithelium, whereas that of ConA was decreased. The decreased binding of ConA suggested that there were fewer mannoside residues in the maxillary sinus epithelium in the inflammatory lesion. The PNA bound to the cilia, goblet cells and mucous glandular cells in maxillary sinusitis and POMC, but not in normal, uninflamed cells, indicating that D-galactose was produced by the inflammatory condition. Similar binding patterns of PNA and RCA-1 were found in the cilia and on the surface of the epithelium and in the goblet cells. It is assumed that the carbohydrate moiety in the sinus mucosa is altered in inflammatory conditions.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed2000

[Effectiveness of retrograde tepid blood cardioplegia in valve surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of continuous retrograde continuous tepid blood cardioplegia (CTBC) in 8 patients underwent multivalve surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (Group 1), in comparison with antegrade CTBC in 10 patients with single valve replacement (Group 2). Aortic crossclamp time in Group 1 (187.9 +/- 55.2 minutes) was significantly longer than that (94.1 +/- 27.4) in Group 2 (p < 0.005). There was no hospital death in both groups. Spontaneous recovery rate of the heart beat following aortic declamping was 75% in Group 1, 90% in Group 2 (ns). Postoperative max CK-MB was 87.9 +/- 43.1 IU/l in Group 1, 74.8 +/- 27.0 IU/l in Group 2 (ns). During the early postoperative period, LVSWI significantly increased in both groups, whereas RVSWI showed no significant increase in both groups. Accordingly, in Group 1 in spite of longer aortic crossclamp time comparing Group 2, myocardial protection was considered to be satisfactory. In conclusion, retrograde CTBC is useful as an intraoperative myocardial protection in multivalve surgery combined with CABG which must need much longer aortic cross clamp time.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

ABO blood group antigens on human plasma von Willebrand factor after ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is synthesized exclusively by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, and stored in the intracellular granules or constitutively secreted into plasma. ABO blood group antigens are covalently associated with asparagine-linked sugar chains of plasma vWF. The effect of ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or blood stem cell transplantation (BSCT) on the expression of ABO blood group antigens on the vWF was examined to obtain information on the origin of these antigens. In ABO-mismatched (HLA-matched) groups, 8 cases of BMT and 4 cases of BSCT were examined. In all cases, the ABO blood groups on red blood cells were gradually converted to the donor's type within 80 to 90 days after the transplantation. The blood group antigens on the vWF were consistent with the recipient's blood group for the period monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). When vWF was isolated from normal platelets and examined for the blood group antigens using ELISA or immunoblotting, it showed few antigens. However, vWF extracted from veins expressed blood group antigens. These findings indicate that platelet (megakaryocyte)-derived vWF does not contain blood group antigens and that these antigens may be specifically associated with vWF synthesized in endothelial cells and secreted into plasma. Furthermore, it is possible that the persistence of the recipient's blood group antigens on plasma glycoproteins such as vWF, independent of the donor-derived erythrocytes, after ABO-mismatched stem cell transplantation, may influence the immunological system in the production of anti-blood group antibodies resulting in the establishment of immunological tolerance in the recipient plasma.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1999

Functional domains of template-activating factor-I as a protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor.

Template-Activating Factor-I (TAF-I) alpha and beta, chromatin remodeling factors, were identified as the stimulatory factor for replication of the adenovirus DNA complexed with viral basic core proteins. Recently, two cellular inhibitors for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) have been isolated. One of these inhibitors, designated IPP2A2, is a truncated version of TAF-Ibeta. Here, it is shown using recombinant TAF-I proteins that both TAF-Ialpha and beta have the PP2A inhibitor activity. The N-terminal region but not the C-terminal acidic region, the latter of which is essential for the chromatin remodeling activity, is shown to be required for the PP2A inhibitor activity. Roles of TAF-Ialpha- and beta-specific regions, the C-terminal acidic region, and other regions of TAF-I for the PP2A inhibitor activity are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Vascular transformation of sinuses in bilateral cervical lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND: Vascular transformation of sinuses (VTS) in lymph node has been infrequently reported. We present a case of incidental VTS in bilateral cervical nodes discovered at the time of operation for tongue cancer. METHODS: Standard histopathologic review was undertaken. RESULTS: In this case, a spectrum of varied vasoformative patterns involving lymph nodes in either a pan-nodal or localized fashion were identified. The hilum was occupied by smooth muscle proliferation and adipose tissue. Two nodes also displayed similar features of angiolipomatous hamartoma. No metastatic carcinoma was found in lymph nodes with VTS. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that lymphovenous congestion and distention represented the major cause through which VTS developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland with sebaceous differentiation.

The salivary duct system in the setting of chronic sialadenitis is predisposed to undergo a variety of cellular modifications. This report documents a rare type of metaplasia of a parotid benign lymphoepithelial lesion. Epimyoepithelial islands showing focal sebaceous differentiation and pure sebaceous cell nests in addition to their usual histologic appearance were noted throughout the lesion. The possible pathogenesis is discussed through a review of the literature.

Adult↗