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Biomedical subjects

T Shimoyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Shimoyama.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Surgical experience with 5 n3(+) early gastric carcinoma cases.

Of 370 patients who underwent a resection for early gastric carcinoma, 317 (85.6%) were N(-), 28 n1(+), 20 n2(+) and five (1.4%) n3 respectively. In this study, n3(+) early gastric cancers were clinicopathologically evaluated and sites of the metastatic nodes were also defined. In addition, a comparative study in DNA ploidy patterns between primary and metastatic node cell was performed according to Hedley's method using a FACS-IV scan of paraffin-embedded tissues. All n3(+) early gastric cancers showed an aneuploidy pattern. R2 or R3 operations are recommended for early gastric carcinomas with aneuploidy pattern and most of the metastatic nodes arise from the identical stem cell line of cancer cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Home elemental enteral hyperalimentation (HEEH) for the maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease.

Since specific treatment has not yet been decided on for Crohn's disease, the immediate target is the induction of remission and its maintenance. We examined the effects of an elemental diet (ED) in Crohn's disease with special reference to the maintenance of remission. Eighty-four patients received total enteral nutrition with the ED (35 to 40 kcal/kg ideal body weight/day) and/or conventional drug treatment for induction of remission. Sixty-one patients in remission were then followed-up with prolonged ED therapy (home elemental enteral hyperalimentation, HEEH) and/or drugs. During the follow-up periods the course of patients receiving HEEH was better than those of patients without HEEH, namely the cumulative continuous remission rates after one, 2 and 4 years were, 94%, 63% and 63% in the group receiving HEEH, 75%, 66% and 66% in the group receiving HEEH and drugs, 63%, 42% and 0% in the group receiving drugs, and 50%, 33% and 0% in the group receiving no maintenance therapy, respectively. In particular, when more than 30 kcal/kg ideal body weight/day of the ED was given, the maintenance of remission was successful in 95% of the patients. These results indicated that ED therapy was effective not only for the induction of remission but also for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sulphated bile acid per se inhibits colonic carcinogenesis in mice.

Peroral sulpholithocholic acid (SLC) promoted colonic tumorigenesis in conventional rats. We then tested this compound in the mouse, a species with different bile acid metabolism from the rat. Female conventional ICR mice received 0.5 mg of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) three times in one week intrarectally or 16 mg/kg body weight of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) subcutaneously once a week for 10 weeks, followed by a basal diet (CE-2), or CE-2 containing SLC or lithocholic acid (LC) (both at 0.5 mmol/100 g CE-2) for 40 weeks. At autopsy, numbers of mice bearing colonic neoplasms were 4/26 (15%) in the MNU + CE-2, 4/23 (17%) in the MNU + SLC, 5/28 (18%) in the MNU + LC, 12/24 (50%) in the DMH + CE-2, 6/23 (26%) in the DMH + SLC and 11/27 (41%) in the DMH + LC group. The DMH + SLC group had less adenocarcinomas than did the DMH + CE-2 and the DMH + LC group (P < 0.05). Total faecal bile acids in the mice fed on bile salts showed threefold increases compared with those on the basal diet. Sulphates constituted an average 7% and 19% of faecal bile acids in the MNU + SLC and DMH + SLC group, respectively. These results indicated that effects of peroral SLC on colonic carcinogenesis correlated with the degree of desulphation of SLC in the intestine and sulphates per se inhibited colonic carcinogenesis.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1993

T-cell receptors are expressed but down-regulated on intradecidual T lymphocytes.

PROBLEM: Dietl et al. considered "intradecidual T cell tolerance towards fetal antigens" with their observation that intradecidual T cells lack immunohistochemically detectable amounts of T cell receptor (TCR) molecules while expressing normal amounts of CD3 molecules during early normal pregnancy (Am J Reprod Immunol. 1990; 24:33-36). METHOD: To reevaluate these findings we examined the TCR and CD3 expression on intradecidual T cells using flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, all intradecidual CD3+ T cells expressed either TCR alpha beta or TCR gamma delta. However, the expression of the CD3/TCR complex on intradecidual T cells was down-regulated. The level of CD3/TCR complex expression on intradecidual T cells was about two-thirds of that on peripheral blood T cells. Further, the proportions of alpha beta+ and gamma delta+ cells in CD3+ cells did not significantly differ between decidua and peripheral blood.

Decidua↗
PubMed1993

Potent inhibitory action of the gastric proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole against urease activity of Helicobacter pylori: unique action selective for H. pylori cells.

The gastric proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole, its active analog AG-2000, and omeprazole dose dependently inhibited urease activity extracted with distilled water from Helicobacter pylori cells; the 50% inhibitory concentrations were between 3.6 and 9.5 microM, which were more potent than those of urease inhibitors, such as acetohydroxamic acid, hydroxyurea, and thiourea. These compounds also inhibited urease activity in intact cells of H. pylori and Helicobacter mustelae but did not inhibit ureases from other bacteria, such as Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia rettgeri. The mechanism of urease inhibition was considered to be blockage of the SH groups of H. pylori urease, since SH residues in the enzyme decreased after preincubation with lansoprazole and glutathione or dithiothreitol completely abolished the inhibitory action. The SH-blocking reagents N-ethylmaleimide and idoacetamide were also examined for their inhibition of the urease activity; their 50% inhibitory concentrations were 100- to 1,000-fold higher than those of lansoprazole. These results suggest that lansoprazole and omeprazole can potently and selectively inhibit H. pylori urease and that inhibition may be related to earlier findings indicating that these compounds have selective activity against HP growth.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1993

[Anti-Hp antibody may vary with strain used as antigen possibly due to serological diversity].

Western blotting and ELISA techniques have been used to investigate antigen specificity of systemic responses. Immunoblotting studies demonstrate several major protein antigens that are detected most sera. H. pylori immunoblotting studies using rabbit hyperimmune sera identify several distinct strains. Seven monoclonal antibodies which are prepared in our laboratory recognize 33-35 kDa and 66 kDa of H. pylori. ELISA studies using the monoclonal antibody reveals considerable antigenic diversity among H. pylori strains. Serotyping of clinically isolated H. pylori Seems to be useful in clarifying the etiological roles of this bacteria. In spite of studies by several investigators, serotyping of H. pylori has not been established yet. Our studies suggest that H. pylori need to be further subdivided serologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The role of eradication of Helicobacter pylori in healing and recurrence of gastric ulcer].

It is now generally accepted that infection with Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of active chronic gastritis and duodenal ulceration. Although H. pylori is detected in the majority of patients with gastric ulcer, its pathogenicity and role in gastric ulceration remains unclear. One method to study this relationship is to eradicate H. pylori and observe the recurrence of gastric ulcer. In the present paper we examined the consequence of H. pylori eradication by antibiotics mono therapy with histamine H2 receptor antagonist on the recurrence of gastric ulcer. Two cases treated with proton pump inhibitor plus clarithromycin were reported. It is concluded that eradication of H. pylori infection may diminish the recurrence of gastric ulcers.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Chromosomal heterogeneity of Helicobacter pylori isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The genome of 24 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolates was analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). On PFGE profiles of NotI, 12 isolates among 24 yielded four to nine fragments which differed among them. The other 12 isolates could not be digested with NotI. The total genome size calculated from individual fragments ranged from 1.04 x 10(3) to 1.80 x 10(3) kb. This remarkable uneveness in the total genome size among isolates is unusual if H. pylori is considered a single species. Therefore, the extreme diversity in PFGE profiles and genome size among H. pylori strains, which had been considered as homogeneous according to conventional biochemical criteria, led us to reexamine the H. pylori species for their genomic homology. Furthermore, we used the genetic heterogeneity as a marker to identify specified strains among clinical isolates.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1993

[Study of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma].

Four patients with combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma were studied. One case received hepatic arterial infusion therapy (HAIT), 2 hepatectomy and the case with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma underwent enucleation. According to Allen's classification, two were combined type and the others mixed type. Tumor ploidy patterns on flow cytometric DNA analysis were aneuploid in 2 cases with curative resection, of which one is still alive 6 years and 3 months after surgery. It suggested that the patient's survival was affected by the pathological factors more than the ploidy patterns of the tumor. A case treated by HAIT improved considerably in terms of symptoms and evidenced reduction in the size of the deposits. Selection of anticancer agents sensitive to both hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma is required.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1993

[Combination therapy of high dose doxifluridine (5'-DFUR)+mitomycin C (MMC) for advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Joint Research Group in the Osaka Area for Combination Therapy of 5'-DFUR with Other Drugs].

A co-study was conducted on treatment with high dose 5'DFUR+MMC in order to determine its effectiveness as a systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced and recurrent colorectal cancers. The treatment schedule included 5'-DFUR given orally at a dose of 1,600 mg/body/day for five consecutive days, a two-day discontinuation, then repeated medication with the above, and MMC injected intravenously at a dose of 6 mg/m2 once every four weeks. One course consisted of four weeks, and courses were repeated as long as tolerated by the patients. Twenty-nine patients were registered for the study and 28 cases were perfectly capable of anti-tumor responses. The response rate was 25.5%, including: CR, 2; PR, 5; NC, 11; and PD, 10 cases. Responding cases were found in metastases to the lung, cervical lymph node and abdominal wall. Response rate was especially high in pulmonary metastases at 41.7% (5/12 cases). The slight side effects were mostly gastrointestinal in nature and did not necessitate drug discontinuance. The results suggest that treatment with high dose 5'-DFUR+MMC is useful for advanced and recurrent colorectal cancers, especially those with pulmonary metastases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on tissue concentration of tegafur, 5-fluorouracil, uracil after UFT administration together with the study of microangiography of colorectal cancer].

In order to elucidate the effect of tumor vascularity on a various regimens concentration in tumor tissue, correlation among tegafur, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), uracil concentrations in tissue and the microangiography were examined in 27 patients with colorectal cancer after preoperative administration of UFT (400 mg/day for 7 days). The concentrations of tegafur, 5-FU and uracil in tumor were higher than those in normal tissue (p < 0.01). There was no definite correlation between tissue concentration in each regimen and the extra or intramural vascular changes. A significant high concentration of 5-FU was found in the protuberant cancer and the ulcerative cancer with horizontal growth than that in the ulcerative cancer with vertical growth (p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the vascular changes within a tumor and the vascular pattern of tumor may be a contributing factor affecting the tissue concentration in the regimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibodies against the native urease of Helicobacter pylori: synergistic inhibition of urease activity by monoclonal antibody combinations.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the native urease of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 were found to clearly inhibit the urease activity. Interestingly, synergistic inhibition by two MAbs recognizing different subunits was also observed. Ten MAbs were produced and classified as two isotypes of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, IgG1, and IgG2a. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that five MAbs recognized the large subunit and the other five recognized the small subunit of the urease. Among the MAbs, L2 and S2, which recognized the large and the small subunits, respectively, were also able to inhibit the urease activity of clinical isolates from H. pylori-infected patients. The combination of L2 and S2 led to augmented synergistic inhibition. L2, but not S2, could also inhibit the urease activity from Helicobacter mustelae; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis showed that L2 cross-reacted with this urease. These results suggested that the epitope recognized by L2 had a structure common to both Helicobacter species and may be involved in the active site of the urease. In contrast to the MAbs, a polyclonal antibody in sera from mice immunized with H. pylori urease did not have the ability to inhibit H. pylori urease activity. However, the polyclonal antibody retained the ability to abolish the inhibitory action of these MAbs. Moreover, other MAbs which could not inhibit H. pylori urease activity also abolished the inhibitory action.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Colorectal cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-80.

Colorectal cancer incidence in the LSS sample during 1950-80 was investigated. A total of 730 incidence cases of colorectal cancer were confirmed from a variety of sources. Sixty-two percent of the cancers were microscopically verified and 12% were ascertained through death certificate only. The risk of colon cancer increased significantly with intestinal dose, but no definite increase of risk was observed for rectal cancer. Relative risk at 1 Sv and excess risk per 10(4) PY-Sv for colon cancer are 1.80 (90% confidence internal 1.37-2.36) and 0.36 (90% confidence interval 0.06-0.77) respectively. City and sex did not significantly modify the dose-response of colon cancer, but the risk decreased with age at the time of bombings (ATB). The relative risk of colon cancer does not vary substantially over time following exposure. A non-linear dose response did not significantly improve the fit. Further, the anatomic location of the tumors indicate that the cecum and ascending, transverse and descending, and sigmoid colon seem equally sensitive to radiation. No difference in the distribution of tumor histological types could be observed by radiation dose.

Adenocarcinoma↗